魏彩云

對于很多高中生來說，英語寫作是一件很難掌握的語言技能。學生不但對于作文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，語言的銜接方面的知識欠缺，而且詞匯匱乏，受漢語思維的影響較大，思路不夠開闊，寫作時無從下手。

高三復習階段，教師應該幫助學生理清思路，有系統(tǒng)的指導寫作技巧，掃除學生寫作中的障礙。

一、學生高考作文得分低的幾個特點

1.詞匯錯誤頻出；語言不地道，受中文式思維影響嚴重（words problem）

2.語句毛病多；層次不清（sentence problem）

3.段落層次不分明；銜接不緊湊（paragraph problem）

4.書面不整潔（handwriting problem）

二、增強書面表達效果的技巧

下文從遣詞、造句和謀篇三個方面探討如何提高寫作技巧與能力。

1.遣詞

I.用詞準確的原則

①I will have a/an____________（date；appointment）with Professor Liu this afternoon on my term paper.

②Finally，our class_______（won，beat）their class.

II.用詞多實少虛的原則（選擇具體的詞匯）

The food is good不如The food is tasty/juicy/fresh/ mouthwatering/appetizing.

“走出房間”，一般的詞匯是：

walk out of the room

但是小偷走出房間應該說：

slip out of the room

女士走出房間應該說：

sail out of the room

小孩走出房間應該說：

dance out of the room

老人走出房間應該說：

stagger out of the room

III.不要用中文思維來寫英語

①光陰似箭！不是Time is like an arrow！而是Time flies！

②接電話不是receive the phone而是Answer the phone

③人山人海不是people mountain people sea而是hundreds of thousands of people

④好好學習，天天向上不是Good good study，day day up而是Study hard and youll make progress every day.

2.造句

I.句子簡潔原則

①Mr.Smith likes to drink all kinds of wines that are produced in France可以換成Mr.Smith prefers French wine.

②She is attractive in appearance，but she is a rather foolish person.可換成She is attractive，but rather foolish.

II.使用較高級的句式原則

①We all think he is great可換成We all think highly of him.

②Suddenly I thought out a good idea.可換成A good idea suddenly occurred to me.

③As a result，the plan was a failure可換成The plan turned out to be a failure.

III.句子多變的原則（使用較豐富的句式）

①To his surprise，the little girl knows so many things.（使用名詞性從句）

What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.

②Though Im weak，Ill make the effort.（使用倒裝句）

Weak as I am，Ill make the effort.

③He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper.（使用強調(diào)句型）

It was not until he had read the news in the newspaper that he knew what had happened.

IV.挑戰(zhàn)極限原則

如使用虛擬語氣或獨立主格，一定要做到精準無誤

①I passed the physics exam because of your help.（用虛擬語氣）

I couldnt have passed the physics exam but for your help.

②If weather permits，we will go to play basketball.（使用獨立主格）

Weather permitting，we will go to play basketball.endprint

V.準確使用格言諺語，使文章增色

根據(jù)句意選出正確的選項。

a.Many hands make light work.

b.Once bitten，twice shy.

c.Rome wasnt built in one day.

①When he fell off a horse，he sworn that he would never try to ride horses；you know，________.

②________.Dont expect to finish the task in a short time.

③Wed have to clean the room for the guests coming in the morning.The children can help too；__________.

3.謀篇

段落寫作遵循條理性強的原則。使用恰當連接詞或過渡性的詞匯，對寫文章很重要，能使文章上下銜接自然、緊湊。

例如：

As you know，Jenny is a Canadian girl.We have been pen friends for more than three years.Believe it or not，I found her information when I was reading an English magazine and of course，I wrote to her soon.In my first letter I introduced myself and told her something about my family.We keep in touch with each other.Whats more，we also talk about our school life and our future.She will visit our city this summer.

三、寫作七個步驟

（1）審——仔細閱讀寫作要求及注意事項；

（2）定——確定體裁，人稱和時態(tài) 及篇章結(jié)構(gòu)；

（3）列——列出要點，重要詞組及句型；

（4）連——整理成篇，行文連貫；

（5）美——潤色豐富要點；

（6）改——查錯改錯；

（7）抄——修改無誤后，認真規(guī)范地寫在規(guī)定的地方。

提高寫作水平并非一朝一夕的事情，學生不僅需要掌握一定的寫作技巧之外，還需要注意積累，掌握一定的詞匯量，背一些好的句式和段落，這樣寫出來的文章才能生動精彩。endprint