華艷 邱曉 趙娟 胡樂星 王瑜元 高天昊 陸蓉蓉 陳嬋 孫莉敏 白玉龍
摘 要 目的:通過對1例甲基丙二酸血癥患者的康復(fù)治療,探討該病的康復(fù)治療方法及其注意事項(xiàng)。方法:在康復(fù)治療宣傳、教育和飲食、藥物治療的基礎(chǔ)上,采用常規(guī)康復(fù)治療方法聯(lián)合下肢康復(fù)機(jī)器人訓(xùn)練和重復(fù)經(jīng)顱磁刺激治療對患者進(jìn)行綜合康復(fù)治療,并分別采用《Berg平衡量表》《功能性步行能力量表》和Barthel指數(shù)來評估患者治療前后的平衡功能、步行能力和日?;顒幽芰?。結(jié)果:經(jīng)6個月治療,患者的平衡功能、步行能力和日?;顒幽芰^治療前明顯改善。結(jié)論:對穩(wěn)定期甲基丙二酸血癥患者,綜合康復(fù)治療可顯著改善患者的運(yùn)動功能和日常生活自理能力,但康復(fù)訓(xùn)練應(yīng)循序漸進(jìn),合理控制運(yùn)動量,同時定期復(fù)查患者的相關(guān)指標(biāo)值,避免其病情加重或反復(fù)。
關(guān)鍵詞 甲基丙二酸血癥 康復(fù)治療 治療
中圖分類號:R589.9; R493 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號:1006-1533(2019)19-0014-03
Rehabilitation therapy for patients with methylmalonic acidemia*
HUA Yan**, QIU Xiao, ZHAO Juan, HU Lexing, WANG Yuyuan, GAO Tianhao, LU Rongrong, CHEN Chan, SUN Limin, BAI Yulong***(Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: To discuss the rehabilitation therapy for patients with methylmalonic acidemia. Methods: Based on education, diet and medicine therapies, comprehensive rehabilitation therapy of the patients was performed by the combination of conventional rehabilitation, lower limb rehabilitation robot and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and balance function, walking function and activities of daily living were evaluated by Berg Balance Scale, Functional Ambulation Category Scale and Barthel Index, respectively. Results: After 6 months treatment, the balance function, walking ability and daily living ability of the patient were significantly improved than before. Conclusion: For patients with stable methylmalonic acidemia, comprehensive rehabilitation therapy can significantly improve their motor function and self-care ability in daily life, but exercise should be go on step by step and reasonably. At the same time, relevant indicators should be periodically reviewed to avoid aggravation or recurrence of the disease.
KEy WORDS methylmalonic acidemia; rehabilitation therapy; treatment
甲基丙二酸血癥(methylmalonic acidemia, MMA)是一種常染色體隱性遺傳的有機(jī)酸血癥,是先天性有機(jī)酸代謝異常中的最常見類型(占50% ~ 60%),我國大陸地區(qū)兒童的發(fā)病率約為1例/3.7萬人[1]。此外,有部分慢性胃腸或肝膽疾病、小兒維生素B12吸收障礙綜合征、母源性維生素B12缺乏患者和長期素食者會繼發(fā)MMA。 MMA的臨床表現(xiàn)各異,且新生兒期至成人期均可發(fā)病,其中早發(fā)型多于1歲內(nèi)發(fā)病,遲發(fā)型多在4歲后出現(xiàn)癥狀[2-3]。輕度MMA無或僅有輕微癥狀,但嚴(yán)重MMA的病情危重,甚至可致患者死亡。臨床上常通過氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜法檢測尿、血或腦脊液中的有機(jī)酸含量,或者通過串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜法檢測血中的丙酰肉堿含量來確診MMA[4]?;驒z測是明確MMA分型的最可靠依據(jù)。根據(jù)是否合并同型半胱氨酸血癥,MMA被分為合并型和單純型兩型。MMA的治療方法主要有飲食治療、藥物治療和肝-腎移植術(shù)[5-6]等。穩(wěn)定期MMA患者因常有運(yùn)動功能障礙、張力增高、協(xié)調(diào)功能異常、平衡功能異常、扁平足、視覺障礙、聽覺障礙和深淺感覺障礙等功能障礙,故對他們進(jìn)行康復(fù)治療十分重要[7]。本文通過對1例遲發(fā)型MMA患者肢體功能的康復(fù)治療,探討該病的康復(fù)治療方法及其注意事項(xiàng)。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
一患者,男性,16歲,2018年4月12日因“雙下肢活動不便且進(jìn)行性加重4個月”被收入我院康復(fù)醫(yī)學(xué)科。2017年12月18日,該患者在家中無明顯誘因突然摔倒,后下肢無力感逐漸加重致行走困難。2018年1月29日,患者因“痙攣性截癱”被收入我院神經(jīng)內(nèi)科接受治療。入院后完善相關(guān)檢查,其中氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜法檢測提示:患者尿液中的甲基丙二酸和甲基枸櫞酸水平明顯升高;串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜法檢測提示:外周血中的丙酰肉堿水平升高;腦電圖檢查發(fā)現(xiàn):腦波慢化。另外,檢查顯示,患者外周血中的同型半胱氨酸水平(138.2 μmol/L)升高、維生素B12水平(193.4 pg/ml)降低。但頭顱、頸胸腰椎磁共振成像和磁共振血管造影檢查以及腦脊液常規(guī)和生化、肝和腎功能檢查等均未見明顯異常。綜合考慮患者為合并型MMA。給予左卡尼汀糾正繼發(fā)性低肉堿血癥、巴氯芬降低肌張力、B族維生素(維生素B1、B6和B12)營養(yǎng)神經(jīng)、多奈哌齊和奧拉西坦改善認(rèn)知功能等對癥支持治療?,F(xiàn)患者主要存在雙下肢肌力下降、肌張力增高和不能獨(dú)立站立等問題。為作進(jìn)一步康復(fù)治療,患者于2018年4月12日被收入我院康復(fù)醫(yī)學(xué)科。發(fā)病期間,患者飲食、睡眠可,大、小便正常。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] Shi XT, Cai J, Wang YY, et al. Newborn screening for inborn errors of metabolism in mainland China: 30 years of experience [J]. JIMD Rep, 2012, 6(4): 79-83.
[2] Tu WJ. Methylmalonic acidemia in mainland China [J]. Ann Nutr Metab, 2011, 58(4): 281.
[3] Fischer S, Huemer M, Baumgartner M, et al. Clinical presentation and outcome in a series of 88 patients with the cblC defect [J]. J Inherit Metab Dis, 2014, 37(5): 831-840.
[4] 盧東裕, 田明新, 張道杰. 56例甲基丙二酸血癥患兒的臨床和串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜及氣相色譜數(shù)據(jù)分析[J]. 中國優(yōu)生與遺傳雜志, 2015, 23(10): 16-19.
[5] Fagiuoli S, Daina E, DAntiga L, et al. Monogenic diseases that can be cured by liver transplantation [J]. J Hepatol, 2013, 59(3): 595-612.
[6] Niemi AK, Kim IK, Krueger CE, et al. Treatment of methylmalonic acidemia by liver or combined liver-kidney transplantation [J]. J Pediatr, 2015, 166(6): 1455-1461.e1.
[7] Ktena YP, Paul SM, Hauser NS, et al. Delineating the spectrum of impairments, disabilities, and rehabilitation needs in methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) [J]. Am J Med Genet A, 2015, 167(9): 2075-2084.
[8] Gündüz M, Ekici F, ?zayd?n E, et al. Reversible pulmonary arterial hypertension in cobalamin-dependent cobalamin C disease due to a novel mutation in the MMACHC gene [J]. Eur J Pediatr, 2014, 173(12): 1707-1710.
[9] Joseph J, Loscalzo J. Methoxistasis: integrating the roles of homocysteine and folic acid in cardiovascular pathobiology[J]. Nutrients, 2013, 5(8): 3235-3256.
[10] Lu R, Li Z, Su CY, et al. Development and learning control of a human limb with a rehabilitation exoskeleton [J]. IEEE Trans Ind Electron, 2014, 61(7): 3776-3785.
[11] Li Y, Fan J, Yang J, et al. Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on walking and balance function after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis [J]. Am J Phys Med Rehabil, 2018, 97(11): 773-781.
[12] 劉玉鵬, 馬艷艷, 吳桐菲, 等. 早發(fā)型甲基丙二酸尿癥160例新生兒期異常表現(xiàn)[J]. 中華兒科雜志, 2012, 50(6): 410-414.
[13] 韓連書, 毋盛楠, 葉軍, 等. 單純型甲基丙二酸血癥患者診治分析[J]. 中華醫(yī)學(xué)遺傳學(xué)雜志, 2013, 30(5): 589-593.
[14] Tu WJ, Chen H, He J. Methylmalonic aciduria: newborn screening in mainland China? [J]. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab, 2013, 26(3/4): 399-400.
*基金項(xiàng)目:上海市科學(xué)技術(shù)委員會科研項(xiàng)目(17511107802)
**作者簡介:華艷,住院醫(yī)師。研究方向:腦卒中后康復(fù)治療。E-mail: 1521051653@qq.com
***通信作者:白玉龍,教授、博士研究生導(dǎo)師。研究方向:神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病康復(fù)治療的臨床與基礎(chǔ)研究。E-mail: dr_baiyl@fudan.edu.cn