劉新民

摘 要：《考試大綱》要求考生能“根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)生詞的詞義”，因此詞義猜測(cè)題也是考試題型之一。正確處理閱讀中遇到的生詞，掌握一定的猜測(cè)生詞詞義的技巧，對(duì)于理解文章及答題都非常重要。對(duì)于生詞一般有兩種處理方式。

關(guān)鍵詞：高考考生；克服；生詞障礙

一、利用上下文線索猜測(cè)詞義

（一）舉例

作者常常會(huì)通過(guò)對(duì)某一難詞給出具體的例子來(lái)幫助讀者理解該詞的詞義。[示例]Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school grades.Other forms of parental involvement， including volunteering at school and observing a childs class，also fail to help，according to the most recent study on the topic.

The underlined expression“parental involvement”in Paragraph 1 probably means .

A.parentsexpectation on childrens health

B.parentsparticipation in childrens education

分析：根據(jù)下文的舉例“including volunteering at school and observing a childs class”可推知，畫(huà)線部分的意思應(yīng)是“父母參與到孩子的教育中”。故正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

（二）同義詞或近義詞

[示例]This of course created a new problem： dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago.Building owners were faced with a choice： either change the first floors of their buildings into basements，and the second stories into main floors，or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level.Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily.

The underlined word “hoist” in Paragraph 4 means“ ”.

A.change B.lift

分析：根據(jù)下文“Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily.”中的lifted可知hoist與lift同義，故正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

（三）反義詞

[示例] If youre tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored，you can attend an upbeat group fitness class thatll keep your workout on track.

The underlined word “upbeat” in the second paragraph probably means“ ”.

A.cheerful B.average

分析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，upbeat應(yīng)與上文中的“tired of”意義相反，故正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

二、根據(jù)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)猜測(cè)詞義

[示例]Some 2，500 years ago Greece discovered freedom.Before that there was no freedom.There were great civilizations，splendid empires，but no freedom anywhere.Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies， one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.

What does the underlined word “tyrannies” in Paragraph 2 refer to？

A.Countries where their people need help.

B.Governments ruled with absolute power.

分析：根據(jù)后面的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)“one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses”不難得知選項(xiàng)B與其意義一致。

三、根據(jù)上下文邏輯猜測(cè)詞義

[示例]In the evening， rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace，with golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the animals coming out to eat and drink.Sedate though they are，rides at this time of day are still very impressive.As the suns rays pass through the dust kicked up by the horses， the romance of Africa comes to life

50.What does the underlined word “sedate” probably mean？

A.Wild and romantic. B.Slow and peaceful.

分析：由上文中的“relaxed and unhurried”可推知正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

四、根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義

例如dis-為否定前綴，-ed為形容詞后綴，continue為詞根。因此可根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義，就不舉例說(shuō)明了。

總之，上文提到的技法要在實(shí)踐中反復(fù)運(yùn)用和積累，才能在克服閱讀生詞障礙，提高閱讀效率。

參考文獻(xiàn)：

[1]戴軍熔.新課標(biāo)下的高中英語(yǔ)報(bào)刊閱讀[J].中小學(xué)外語(yǔ)教學(xué)（中學(xué)篇），2007（11）1-2.