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高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)教學(xué)例談

2013-04-29 19:39:44王新艷
考試周刊 2013年99期
關(guān)鍵詞:造句歸類創(chuàng)設(shè)

王新艷

英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)點(diǎn)的教學(xué)對(duì)學(xué)生英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的積累及英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言能力的提高有舉足輕重的作用,Without grammar,little can be expressed,without vocabulary,nothing can be conveyed.無(wú)論用什么教材,筆者對(duì)高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)教學(xué)上的探索始終沒(méi)有輕視過(guò),也沒(méi)有放棄過(guò)。在教學(xué)中以新課程理念為指導(dǎo),進(jìn)行了大膽的探索和實(shí)踐,取得了很多有效教學(xué)的改革成果。

這里,筆者簡(jiǎn)單地介紹一下教學(xué)中常用的十種教授語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)的手段和方法。

1.要求學(xué)生根據(jù)句型自由造句。這樣的學(xué)習(xí)和操練可以給學(xué)生充分的自由,讓他們完全發(fā)揮自己的想象力和隨機(jī)應(yīng)變能力,學(xué)生各盡其能,淋漓盡致地展示各自的語(yǔ)言才華。如用cant/couldnt help doing造句。學(xué)生所造之句精彩紛呈。如:

I cant help thanking my parents for what they have done for us.

They couldnt help jumping with joy at the good news.

The students cant help asking the scientists many questions.

2.要求學(xué)生根據(jù)情景造句。教師可以用PPT給學(xué)生提供或創(chuàng)設(shè)情境。如:No 29 Senior High School is a provincial key school.Many students in Nanjing are dream of going to this school.Now you are studying in it,are you proud?要求學(xué)生用be proud of,take pride in,pride oneself on等造句。如:

We are proud of studying in No 29 Senior High School.

We take pride in studying in No 29 Senior High School.

We pride ourselves on studying in No 29 Senior High School.

3.句子轉(zhuǎn)換。一個(gè)意思有很多種不同的表達(dá)方式,這能真正培養(yǎng)學(xué)生靈活運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的綜合能力。這樣的例子不勝枚舉。如:

Nanjing is worth a visit.

Nanjing is worth visiting.

Nanjing is worthy of a visit.

Nanjing is worthy of being visited.

Nanjing is worthy to be visited.

It is worthwhile to visit / visiting Nanjing.

4.動(dòng)詞填空。這種方法在教授非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)用得比較多。如:

The meeting held yesterday was about how to protect wild animals.

The meeting being held now is about how to protect wild animals.

The meeting to be held tomorrow is about how to protect wild animals.

5.完成句子。如:

A memorial meeting was held in honor of /in memory of (為了紀(jì)念) the world-famous singer.

As far as I am concerned, city life is superior to country life beyond comparison (無(wú)可比擬).

The education system varies in America depending on (根據(jù)) the state you live in.

6.翻譯,有中文翻成英文和英文翻成中文兩種。如:

Opportunities always favor the prepared mind.

機(jī)會(huì)總是垂青有準(zhǔn)備的人。

他生病是由于缺乏體育鍛煉和不健康的飲食導(dǎo)致的(arise out of)。

His illness arose out of his lack of exercise and unhealthy diet.

7.選擇。如:

?搖?搖 ?搖?搖, but he still could not understand it.

A.He had been told many times

B.Having been told many times

C.Told many times

D.Although he had been told many times

(答案為A)

8.改寫句子。比如在講授not only放在句首的倒裝時(shí),可以首先要求學(xué)生用not only...but also...按正常的語(yǔ)序造句,然后再進(jìn)行倒裝。如:

Playing computers games not only is a waste of time, but it also has a bad effect on our studies。

Not only playing computer games is a waste of time, but it also has a bad effect on our studies.

9.歸類。把形式相同的歸類或把意義相同的歸類。形式相同的歸類,如動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞后面都接動(dòng)名詞的有:mind, miss, enjoy, finish, practice, delay, consider, imagine, escape, insist on, give up等。意義相同的歸類,如教授provide時(shí),通常可以把provide,supply,offer放在一起教授。

10.仿照句子造句。比如教師給出句子:Beijing is an ancient city, where history can be tasted, felt, touched, even smelt.學(xué)生仿句如下:

With spring coming on, beauty can be felt, smelt, touched, even tasted everywhere.

Australian people are very friendly so that friendliness can be felt, smelt, touched, even tasted everywhere.

這是筆者在語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)教學(xué)中常用的十種方法。因?yàn)樵谥袊?guó)學(xué)英語(yǔ)缺乏相應(yīng)的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境,(英語(yǔ)在我國(guó)不是母語(yǔ),也不是第二語(yǔ)言,只是一門外語(yǔ)),所以英語(yǔ)教師應(yīng)設(shè)法在課堂教學(xué)中遵循語(yǔ)言教學(xué)和語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)的規(guī)律,給學(xué)生創(chuàng)設(shè)比較經(jīng)典的語(yǔ)境,讓學(xué)生在操練中培養(yǎng)聽、說(shuō)、讀、寫四項(xiàng)基本技能、幫助學(xué)生實(shí)現(xiàn)從知識(shí)到技能、技能到能力的質(zhì)的飛躍。根據(jù)“冰山理論”:一個(gè)人的知識(shí)和能力可分為顯性和隱性的,能用考試形式檢測(cè)到的只是冰山浮出水面的一部分。所以,在上述方法學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)的過(guò)程中,教師還應(yīng)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的想象力、觀察力和創(chuàng)新精神。在操練過(guò)程中,教師應(yīng)始終貫穿pair work和group work,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的團(tuán)隊(duì)合作精神??傊淌谡Z(yǔ)言點(diǎn)應(yīng)遵循以下原則:

1.Localization,即情境的創(chuàng)設(shè)應(yīng)聯(lián)系當(dāng)?shù)卣诎l(fā)生什么。

2.Globalization,即情境的創(chuàng)設(shè)應(yīng)聯(lián)系世界上正在發(fā)生什么。

3.Temporilization,即情境的創(chuàng)設(shè)應(yīng)聯(lián)系國(guó)內(nèi)外當(dāng)時(shí)正發(fā)生什么。

4.Personalization,即所舉例句要和學(xué)生的生活實(shí)踐密切相連,真正做到學(xué)以致用。

5.Contextulization,即語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)的教學(xué)要遵循詞—詞組—句子—文章這一原則,以課本為載體,基于課本,又不局限于課本。

6.Internalization,即讓所學(xué)知識(shí)真正內(nèi)化為學(xué)生終身享用的語(yǔ)言綜合運(yùn)用能力。

換句話說(shuō),教師在平時(shí)的課堂英語(yǔ)情境的創(chuàng)設(shè)中,應(yīng)注重時(shí)間、空間、學(xué)生、學(xué)校等學(xué)生非常熟悉的情境,讓學(xué)生感覺親切自然,有話可說(shuō)。

無(wú)論是練習(xí)一個(gè)語(yǔ)言點(diǎn),還是一個(gè)單詞的用法,或是一個(gè)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目的講解,我們都應(yīng)該積極動(dòng)腦,把國(guó)內(nèi)外的大事、新聞中出現(xiàn)的故事等融入其中,讓學(xué)生有這樣一種好奇感:哦,老師用英語(yǔ)講新聞我也能聽得懂了,而且我也能用英語(yǔ)講述這些事情了。這樣,教師才能讓學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)時(shí)有成功的體驗(yàn)。

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