溫曦 梁新雨 王晨 余恕玲 桂禹 陳家杰 劉盛秀
[摘 要]目的 評(píng)估CO2點(diǎn)陣激光治療創(chuàng)傷性瘢痕的臨床效果。方法 選擇2022年1月-2023年6月在安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院皮膚科激光美容中心接受治療的60例創(chuàng)傷后瘢痕患者為研究對(duì)象,根據(jù)瘢痕類(lèi)型分為凹陷性瘢痕組與增生性瘢痕組,每組30例,兩組均予以CO2點(diǎn)陣激光治療,比較兩組瘢痕狀態(tài)、臨床療效、醫(yī)生視覺(jué)評(píng)分(IVA)及不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。結(jié)果 兩組治療2、4次后VSS評(píng)分均低于治療前,且凹陷性瘢痕組低于增生性瘢痕組(P<0.05);凹陷性瘢痕組治療總有效率為83.33%,高于增生性瘢痕組的40.00%(P<0.05);凹陷性瘢痕組治療2、4次后IVA評(píng)分均高于增生性瘢痕組(P<0.05);凹陷性瘢痕組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為13.33%,低于增生性瘢痕組的36.67%(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 CO2點(diǎn)陣激光治療創(chuàng)傷性瘢痕的療效確切,且CO2點(diǎn)陣激光治療凹陷性瘢痕較增生性瘢痕療效更佳,癥狀改善更明確,且安全性較高。
[關(guān)鍵詞] CO2點(diǎn)陣激光;創(chuàng)傷性瘢痕;凹陷性瘢痕;增生性瘢痕
[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)] R619+.6 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1004-4949(2024)10-0016-05
基金項(xiàng)目:安徽省科研編制項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):2022AH040163)
Clinical Effect of CO2 Fractional Laser in the Treatment of Traumatic Scar
WEN Xi, LIANG Xin-yu, WANG Chen, YU Shu-ling, GUI Yu, CHEN Jia-jie, LIU Sheng-xiu
[Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University/Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University/Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education/Collaborative Innovation Center of Complex and Severe Skin Disease (Anhui Medical University), Hefei 230022, Anhui, China]
[Abstract]Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of CO2 fractional laser in the treatment of traumatic scar. Methods From January 2022 to June 2023, 60 patients with post-traumatic scar who were treated in the Laser Cosmetic Center of the Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were selected as the research objects. According to the type of scar, they were divided into the depressed scar group and the hypertrophic scar group, with 30 patients in each group. Both groups were treated with CO2 fractional laser. The scar status, clinical efficacy, doctors visual score (IVA) and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results The VSS score of the two groups after 2 and 4 times of treatment was lower than that before treatment, and the VSS score of the depressed scar group was lower than that of the hypertrophic scar group (P<0.05). The total effective rate of treatment in the depressed scar group was 83.33%, which was higher than 40.00% in the hypertrophic scar group (P<0.05). The IVA score of the depressed scar group was higher than that of the hypertrophic scar group after 2 and 4 times of treatment (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the depressed scar group was 13.33%, which was lower than 36.67% in the hypertrophic scar group (P<0.05). Conclusion CO2 fractional laser is effective in the treatment of traumatic scar, and is more effective in the treatment of depressed scar than hypertrophic scar, the symptoms are improved more clearly and the safety is higher.
[Key words] CO2 fractional laser; Traumatic scar; Depressed scar; Hypertrophic scar
創(chuàng)傷性瘢痕(traumatic scar)是由于外界物理傷害所引起的皮膚外觀形態(tài)和病理學(xué)改變,為真皮或深部組織缺損或破壞后經(jīng)新生結(jié)締組織修復(fù)而成,一般高于正常皮膚表面為增生性瘢痕,系膠原蛋白及膠原纖維過(guò)度增生所致;低于皮膚表面為凹陷性瘢痕,為外傷后真皮層及皮下組織缺損后膠原蛋白、彈力蛋白等缺失所致。創(chuàng)傷性瘢痕多繼發(fā)于燒傷、外傷及手術(shù)后,如位于暴露部位會(huì)影響患者美觀度及心理健康,摩擦后易出現(xiàn)瘙癢疼痛,影響其生命質(zhì)量。目前常用治療方法有外用藥物、冷凍治療、局部注射、手術(shù)、放射治療、激光等,但部分方法療效欠佳。CO2點(diǎn)陣激光通過(guò)局灶性光熱作用對(duì)損傷組織進(jìn)行修復(fù),可以達(dá)到治療瘢痕的效果[1]。本研究旨在評(píng)估CO2點(diǎn)陣激光治療創(chuàng)傷性瘢痕的臨床效果,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1.1 一般資料 選擇2022年1月-2023年6月在安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院皮膚科激光美容中心接受治療的60例創(chuàng)傷后瘢痕患者為研究對(duì)象,根據(jù)瘢痕類(lèi)型分為凹陷性瘢痕組與增生性瘢痕組,每組30例。凹陷性瘢痕組男6例,女24例;病變部位:頭面頸部30例,軀干部0例,四肢0例;皮損面積1.6~10 cm2,平均皮損面積(6.02±2.08)cm2。增生性瘢痕組男5例,女25例;病變部位:頭面頸部28例,軀干部1例,四肢1例;皮損面積1.8~10 cm2,平均皮損面積(6.22±1.98)cm2。兩組性別、病變部位及皮損面積比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①年齡<60歲;②繼發(fā)于燒傷、外傷及手術(shù)后的創(chuàng)傷后瘢痕;③瘢痕穩(wěn)定>6個(gè)月且未采用激光、藥物等其他治療;④均簽署知情同意書(shū)。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①有心、肝、腎等重要臟器功能疾病者;②妊娠期、哺乳期女性;③有激光過(guò)敏史患者;④患有脂溢性皮炎、濕疹、日光性皮炎及皮膚感染等可能干擾療效判斷的其他面部皮膚病者[2];⑤瘢痕疙瘩體質(zhì)者。
1.3 方法
1.3.1治療前準(zhǔn)備 每次治療前均用數(shù)碼單反相機(jī)(Canon SX720 HS)對(duì)患者局部瘢痕進(jìn)行拍攝存檔。治療前清潔瘢痕部位皮膚,皮損處常規(guī)消毒備皮,使用復(fù)方利多卡因乳膏均勻涂抹于瘢痕區(qū)域并外敷保鮮膜,表面麻醉 30 min后擦除,經(jīng)75%酒精消毒,調(diào)整能量參數(shù)合適范圍進(jìn)行CO2點(diǎn)陣激光治療。
1.3.2治療方法 采用CO2點(diǎn)陣激光治療(LUMENIS,國(guó)械注進(jìn)20163010811,型號(hào):UltraPulse Encore),選擇SCAR FX模式,根據(jù)瘢痕凹陷部位、嚴(yán)重程度、皮膚類(lèi)型等選取光劑量,設(shè)置波長(zhǎng)10 600 nm,光斑大小10 mm×10 mm,能量60~70 J,覆蓋率3%,治療過(guò)程中根據(jù)面部反應(yīng)、主觀感受等調(diào)節(jié)能量參數(shù),以自覺(jué)面部輕微疼痛感、治療部位輕度紅斑、水腫為度,若出現(xiàn)點(diǎn)狀出血點(diǎn)應(yīng)降低治療能量,部分治療不足區(qū)域或皮損嚴(yán)重區(qū)可行補(bǔ)充治療,避免對(duì)同一區(qū)域進(jìn)行3次以上照射。治療結(jié)束后局部予以冷敷30 min,術(shù)后24 h保持干燥,局部外涂莫匹羅星軟膏(中美天津史克制藥有限公司,國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字H10930064,規(guī)格:2%)和重組牛堿性成纖維細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)因子凝膠(珠海億勝生物制藥有限公司,國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字S20050100,規(guī)格:21 000 IU∶5 g),預(yù)防局部感染,促進(jìn)修復(fù)。囑患者勿強(qiáng)行撕脫痂皮,待其自然脫落。治療期間嚴(yán)格防曬,每4周治療1次,共治療4次,停止治療3個(gè)月后隨訪,觀察遠(yuǎn)期療效。
1.4 觀察指標(biāo)
1.4.1評(píng)估兩組瘢痕狀態(tài) 于治療前、治療2、4次后采用溫哥華瘢痕評(píng)估量表(VSS)評(píng)估[3],包含色澤(0~3分)、柔軟度(0~5分)、血管分布(0~3分)及厚度(0~4分)4個(gè)層面,總分15分,評(píng)分越高說(shuō)明瘢痕程度越嚴(yán)重。
1.4.2評(píng)估兩組臨床療效 采用治療4次后VSS評(píng)分下降率評(píng)估,VSS評(píng)分下降率=(治療前皮損評(píng)分-治療4次后皮損評(píng)分)/治療前皮損評(píng)分×100%。痊愈:VSS評(píng)分下降率≥80%;顯效:60%≤VSS評(píng)分下降率<80%;有效:40%≤VSS評(píng)分下降率<60%;無(wú)效:VSS評(píng)分下降率<40%??傆行?(痊愈+顯效+有效)/總例數(shù)×100%。
1.4.3記錄兩組IVA評(píng)分 由1名主治以上的皮膚科醫(yī)生和1名皮膚美容技師對(duì)治療前后照片共同進(jìn)行IVA評(píng)分。1分:無(wú)改善或輕度改善(改善<25%);2分:中度改善(改善26%~50%);3分:顯著改善(改善51%~75%);4分:完全改善(改善>75%),評(píng)分越高提示治療越有效。
1.4.4記錄兩組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況 記錄治療及隨訪期間是否出現(xiàn)紅斑、淤血、水腫、水皰、脫屑及色素沉著等不良反應(yīng)及其持續(xù)、消退時(shí)間。
2.1 兩組瘢痕狀態(tài)比較 兩組治療2、4次后VSS評(píng)分均低于治療前,且凹陷性瘢痕組低于增生性瘢痕組(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 兩組臨床療效比較 凹陷性瘢痕組治療總有效率高于增生性瘢痕組(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表2。
2.3 兩組IVA評(píng)分比較 凹陷性瘢痕組治療2、4次后IVA評(píng)分均高于增生性瘢痕組(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表3。
綜上所述,CO2點(diǎn)陣激光治療創(chuàng)傷性瘢痕療效確切,且CO2點(diǎn)陣激光促進(jìn)凹陷性瘢痕膠原蛋白合成及重塑的作用優(yōu)于增生性瘢痕膠原蛋白合成,癥狀改善更明確,且安全性較高。
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收稿日期:2024-2-22 編輯:劉雯