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動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖QTc間期聯(lián)合運(yùn)動(dòng)平板試驗(yàn)對(duì)冠心病心肌缺血的診斷價(jià)值分析

2024-05-12 16:13雷劍張晉
關(guān)鍵詞:心肌缺血動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖準(zhǔn)確度

雷劍 張晉

【摘要】 目的:探討動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖QTc間期聯(lián)合運(yùn)動(dòng)平板試驗(yàn)診斷冠心病心肌缺血的價(jià)值。方法:選取昆山市第一人民醫(yī)院2019年1月—2022年12月收治的108例疑似冠心病心肌缺血患者,均行運(yùn)動(dòng)平板試驗(yàn)、動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖檢查。以冠脈造影診斷結(jié)果為金標(biāo)準(zhǔn),對(duì)比以上兩種方法診斷冠心病心肌缺血的效能。結(jié)果:108例疑似冠心病心肌缺血患者經(jīng)冠脈造影檢查,陰性30例,占27.78%,陽(yáng)性78例,占72.22%。動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖QTc間期診斷為陰性共有20例,陽(yáng)性51例,運(yùn)動(dòng)平板試驗(yàn)診斷為陰性共有25例,陽(yáng)性50例,動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖QTc間期聯(lián)合運(yùn)動(dòng)平板試驗(yàn),診斷為陰性共有29例,陽(yáng)性62例。動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖QTc間期聯(lián)合運(yùn)動(dòng)平板試驗(yàn)診斷冠心病心肌缺血的敏感度為79.49%,特異度為96.67%,準(zhǔn)確度為84.26%,聯(lián)合診斷的敏感度、準(zhǔn)確度均高于動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖QTc間期、運(yùn)動(dòng)平板試驗(yàn)單一診斷,聯(lián)合診斷的特異度高于動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖QTc間期單一診斷,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:與單一診斷相比,動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖QTc間期聯(lián)合運(yùn)動(dòng)平板試驗(yàn)診斷冠心病心肌缺血的價(jià)值更高,可為臨床診斷提供可靠的心電學(xué)依據(jù)。

【關(guān)鍵詞】 動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖 QTc間期 運(yùn)動(dòng)平板試驗(yàn) 冠心病 心肌缺血 準(zhǔn)確度

Diagnostic Value Analysis of Dynamic Electrocardiogram QTc Interval Combined with Exercise Plate Test in Myocardial Ischemia of Coronary Heart Disease/LEI Jian, ZHANG Jin. //Medical Innovation of China, 2024, 21(03): -138

[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of dynamic electrocardiogram QTc interval combined with exercise plate test in myocardial ischemia of coronary heart disease. Method: A total of 108 patients with suspected myocardial ischemia of coronary heart disease admitted to the First People's Hospital of Kunshan City from January 2019 to December 2022 were selected, and exercise plate test and dynamic electrocardiogram were performed in all patients. The diagnostic results of coronary angiography as the gold standard, the efficacy of the above two methods in diagnosing myocardial ischemia of coronary heart disease was compared. Result: 108 patients with suspected myocardial ischemia of coronary heart disease were examined by coronary angiography, of which 30 cases were negative, accounting for 27.78%, and 78 cases were positive, accounting for 72.22%. 20 cases were negative and 51 cases were positive diagnosed by dynamic electrocardiogram QTc. 25 cases were negative and 50 cases were positive diagnosed by exercise plate test. 29 cases were negative and 62 cases were positive diagnosed by dynamic electrocardiogram QTc interval combined with exercise plate test. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of dynamic electrocardiogram QTc interval combined with exercise plate test in diagnosing of myocardial ischemia of coronary heart disease respectively was 79.49%, 96.67% and 84.26%. The sensitivity and accuracy of combined diagnosis were higher than those of dynamic electrocardiogram QTc interval and exercise plate test single diagnosis, the specificity of combined diagnosis was higher than that of dynamic electrocardiogram QTc interval single diagnosis, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Compared with single diagnosis, dynamic electrocardiogram QTc interval combined with exercise plate test has higher value in diagnosing of myocardial ischemia of coronary heart disease, and can provide reliable electrocardiology basis for clinical diagnosis.

[Key words] Dynamic electrocardiogram QTc interval Exercise plate test Coronary heart disease Myocardial ischemia Accuracy

First-author's address: Department of Cardiology, the First People's Hospital of Kunshan City, Kunshan 215300, China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2024.03.032

冠心病是目前非常常見(jiàn)的一類心血管疾病,是冠狀動(dòng)脈發(fā)生粥樣硬化導(dǎo)致血管狹窄,引起供血不足出現(xiàn)的一種綜合癥狀,發(fā)病率呈現(xiàn)逐年增高的趨勢(shì)[1-3]。部分冠心病患者心肌組織灌注嚴(yán)重不足,導(dǎo)致心肌缺血癥狀明顯,可能引發(fā)心肌梗死[4]。因此,明確影響心肌缺血的相關(guān)因素,并尋求相關(guān)指標(biāo)以提高對(duì)心肌缺血的診斷效能,有利于臨床制訂早期干預(yù)方案以降低或避免患者發(fā)生心肌缺血的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。運(yùn)動(dòng)平板試驗(yàn)是診斷、鑒別患者心肌缺血的常用檢查方法之一。動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖是目前獲得美國(guó)食品藥品監(jiān)督管理局批準(zhǔn)且受到國(guó)內(nèi)外指南和專家共識(shí)所認(rèn)可的檢查技術(shù),在診斷冠心病患者中的價(jià)值較高[5-6]。但動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖QTc間期聯(lián)合運(yùn)動(dòng)平板試驗(yàn)診斷冠心病心肌缺血的價(jià)值尚不清楚,基于此,本研究采用動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖QTc間期聯(lián)合運(yùn)動(dòng)平板試驗(yàn)用于疑似冠心病患者,診斷冠心病心肌缺血的價(jià)值,詳情如下。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

2019年1月—2022年12月昆山市第一人民醫(yī)院診治的疑似冠心病心肌缺血患者108例。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):有疑似冠心病的臨床癥狀表現(xiàn)[7];接受動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖、運(yùn)動(dòng)平板試驗(yàn)檢查、冠狀動(dòng)脈造影檢查;不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛、心肌梗死。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):合并甲狀腺功能亢進(jìn)等器質(zhì)性病變;意識(shí)障礙;處于妊娠期或哺乳期;對(duì)電極片過(guò)敏;肝腎功能嚴(yán)重障礙;合并嚴(yán)重腦血管病變;合并惡性腫瘤。男57例,女51例;年齡39~70歲,平均(59.32±8.52)歲。本研究經(jīng)本院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),患者均知情同意。

1.2 方法

在患者可接受的范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)平板試驗(yàn):采用GE T2100平板試驗(yàn)檢測(cè)儀,運(yùn)用改良Bruce方案進(jìn)行,終止標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)達(dá)到預(yù)期心率;(2)出現(xiàn)典型心絞痛;(3)收縮壓下降10 mmHg及以上;(4)出現(xiàn)惡性心律失常;(5)患者要求。陽(yáng)性標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)ST段水平型或下斜型下降(J點(diǎn)后80 ms處)≥0.1 mV,如靜息心電圖上已有ST段壓低,則在原來(lái)壓低水平上再下降≥0.1 mV。(2)ST段凸面向上型抬高(J點(diǎn)后80 ms處)≥0.1 mV。(3)出現(xiàn)典型心絞痛[8]。

動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖QTc間期:采用動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖儀(飛利浦DigiTrak XT)檢查,以Bazett公式計(jì)算:QTc=QT/(RR0.5),QT表示未校正的QT間期,RR為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的心率。陽(yáng)性標(biāo)準(zhǔn):男性為QTc間期大于450 ms,女性為QTc間期大于470 ms[9]。

冠脈造影:采用飛利浦Allura大型血管造影機(jī)進(jìn)行,如果所檢測(cè)冠狀動(dòng)脈分支管徑狹窄>50%即診斷為冠心病。

1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理

應(yīng)用SPSS 26.0分析。用(x±s)表示計(jì)量資料;用率(%)表示計(jì)數(shù)資料,用字2檢驗(yàn)。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 冠脈造影結(jié)局

108例疑似冠心病心肌缺血患者經(jīng)冠脈造影檢查,陰性30例,占比27.78%;陽(yáng)性78例,占比72.22%。

2.2 動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖QTc間期聯(lián)合運(yùn)動(dòng)平板試驗(yàn)診斷冠心病心肌缺血的結(jié)果

動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖QTc間期聯(lián)合運(yùn)動(dòng)平板試驗(yàn)診斷冠心病心肌缺血以任一檢查陽(yáng)性為陽(yáng)性。動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖QTc間期診斷為陰性共有20例,陽(yáng)性51例;運(yùn)動(dòng)平板試驗(yàn)診斷為陰性共有25例,陽(yáng)性50例;動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖QTc間期聯(lián)合運(yùn)動(dòng)平板試驗(yàn)診斷為陰性共有29例,陽(yáng)性62例。見(jiàn)表1。

2.3 動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖QTc間期聯(lián)合運(yùn)動(dòng)平板試驗(yàn)診斷冠心病心肌缺血的價(jià)值

動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖QTc間期聯(lián)合運(yùn)動(dòng)平板試驗(yàn)診斷冠心病心肌缺血的敏感度為79.49%,特異度為96.67%,準(zhǔn)確度為84.26%。聯(lián)合診斷的敏感度、準(zhǔn)確度均高于動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖QTc間期、運(yùn)動(dòng)平板試驗(yàn)單一診斷,聯(lián)合診斷的特異度高于動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖QTc間期單一診斷,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。

3 討論

冠心病因?yàn)楣跔顒?dòng)脈出現(xiàn)狹窄,可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致心臟供血不足,出現(xiàn)心肌缺血,故早期發(fā)現(xiàn)、診斷出心肌缺血對(duì)冠心病患者治療和預(yù)后意義重大[10-11]。運(yùn)動(dòng)平板試驗(yàn)對(duì)低速血流、位置深的冠狀動(dòng)脈血流檢測(cè)不敏感,不能充分表現(xiàn)出冠狀動(dòng)脈內(nèi)的血流灌注情況[12]。動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖QTc間期可清晰顯示出血流灌注隨時(shí)間的變化情況[13]。

本研究顯示,108例疑似冠心病心肌缺血患者經(jīng)冠脈造影檢查,陰性30例,占27.78%,陽(yáng)性78例,占72.22%。動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖QTc間期診斷為陰性共有20例,陽(yáng)性51例,運(yùn)動(dòng)平板試驗(yàn)診斷為陰性共有25例,陽(yáng)性50例,動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖QTc間期聯(lián)合運(yùn)動(dòng)平板試驗(yàn),診斷為陰性共有29例,陽(yáng)性62例。動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖QTc間期聯(lián)合運(yùn)動(dòng)平板試驗(yàn)診斷冠心病心肌缺血的敏感度為79.49%,特異度為96.67%,準(zhǔn)確度為84.26%,聯(lián)合診斷的敏感度、準(zhǔn)確度均高于動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖QTc間期、運(yùn)動(dòng)平板試驗(yàn)單一診斷,提示與單一診斷相比,動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖QTc間期聯(lián)合運(yùn)動(dòng)平板試驗(yàn)診斷冠心病心肌缺血的診斷價(jià)值更高。研究顯示,動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖QTc間期與冠心病局灶性病變的動(dòng)脈血供豐富程度有關(guān),其延長(zhǎng)表示心臟復(fù)極延遲,反映了心電異常,且對(duì)于身體不適或無(wú)法承受劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)的患者尤其適用,對(duì)冠心病心肌缺血的診斷價(jià)值較高[14-17]。還有研究顯示,動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖能明顯提高冠心病心肌缺血的診斷效果,更容易對(duì)冠心病患者室壁運(yùn)動(dòng)異常進(jìn)行評(píng)估和診斷[18-19]。運(yùn)動(dòng)平板試驗(yàn)通過(guò)運(yùn)動(dòng)增加心臟負(fù)荷從而誘發(fā)心肌缺血,以心電圖的異常變化,輔助性診斷評(píng)估冠心病,具有安全性、無(wú)創(chuàng)傷、特異性高等特點(diǎn)[20]。因此,動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖與運(yùn)動(dòng)平板試驗(yàn)聯(lián)合檢測(cè),可有效提高準(zhǔn)確度、敏感度,本研究結(jié)果與以上研究結(jié)果一致。

綜上所述,與單一診斷相比,動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖QTc間期聯(lián)合運(yùn)動(dòng)平板試驗(yàn)診斷冠心病心肌缺血的價(jià)值更高。

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(收稿日期:2023-05-16) (本文編輯:陳韻)

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