劉蘭, 張東雪, 朱榮芳, 李暉, 梁向楠, 張勝雷, 白亞玲
敲減表達(dá)通過上調(diào)p53/DRAM1信號通路促進(jìn)大鼠血管平滑肌細(xì)胞自噬和凋亡*
劉蘭, 張東雪, 朱榮芳, 李暉, 梁向楠, 張勝雷, 白亞玲△
(河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)第四醫(yī)院腎內(nèi)科,河北 石家莊 050011)
探討賴氨酸甲基轉(zhuǎn)移酶SET8(SET domain-containing protein 8)低表達(dá)通過p53/DRAM1(DNA damage-regulated autophagy modulator 1)通路調(diào)控大鼠血管平滑肌細(xì)胞(vascular smooth muscle cells, VSMCs)自噬和凋亡的作用及機(jī)制。體外原代培養(yǎng)大鼠VSMCs,敲減表達(dá),將細(xì)胞分為3組:正常組、空載體對照組和SET8-shRNA組。流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測細(xì)胞凋亡,MTT法檢測細(xì)胞活力,Western blot檢測SET8、p53、DRAM1、LC3、Bax和Bcl-2的蛋白水平。過表達(dá),將大鼠VSMCs分為3組:正常組、空載體對照組和DRAM1組。檢測各組細(xì)胞活力,凋亡及DRAM1、LC3、Bax和Bcl-2的蛋白水平。敲減表達(dá)的同時(shí)敲減或表達(dá),觀察LC3、Bax和Bcl-2的蛋白表達(dá)情況。(1)敲減表達(dá)后,大鼠VSMCs凋亡顯著增多,活力顯著降低(<0.05)。Western blot結(jié)果顯示,敲減表達(dá)后,SET8和Bcl-2表達(dá)顯著降低(<0.05),p53、DRAM1、LC3-II和Bax表達(dá)顯著升高(<0.05)。(2)過表達(dá)后,大鼠VSMCs凋亡顯著增多(<0.05),活力顯著降低(<0.05)。Western blot結(jié)果顯示,過表達(dá)后,DRAM1、LC3-II和Bax表達(dá)顯著升高(<0.05),Bcl-2表達(dá)顯著降低(<0.05)。(3)敲減或表達(dá)后,LC3-II和Bax表達(dá)降低,Bcl-2表達(dá)升高(<0.05)。敲減表達(dá)可促進(jìn)大鼠血管平滑肌細(xì)胞發(fā)生自噬和凋亡,可能機(jī)制是通過上調(diào)p53和DRAM1表達(dá),促進(jìn)自噬蛋白LC3-II及凋亡蛋白Bax表達(dá)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。
血管平滑肌細(xì)胞;SET8蛋白;DRAM1蛋白;自噬;細(xì)胞凋亡
血管鈣化是增加心血管疾病發(fā)病率和死亡率的重要危險(xiǎn)因素[1-2]。血管鈣化的重要機(jī)制有細(xì)胞的自噬、凋亡、表型轉(zhuǎn)化等[3-4]。SET8 (SET domain-containing protein 8)是現(xiàn)今發(fā)現(xiàn)的唯一能夠特異性催化H4賴氨酸20位的賴氨酸甲基轉(zhuǎn)移酶,能夠甲基化p53和Twist等非組蛋白,參與調(diào)控細(xì)胞增殖凋亡等生理學(xué)功能[5]。自噬基因(DNA damage-regulated autophagy modulator 1)是p53下游調(diào)節(jié)自噬和凋亡的基因,2006年由Crighton等[6]提出,可調(diào)節(jié)原發(fā)性腫瘤細(xì)胞的自噬和凋亡。作為DRAM依賴的一種自噬凋亡途徑,自噬能夠作為一種細(xì)胞死亡程序,誘導(dǎo)肝細(xì)胞凋亡及肝損傷[7]?,F(xiàn)今SET8和DRAM1在大鼠血管平滑肌細(xì)胞(vascular smooth muscle cells, VSMCs)自噬和凋亡中的作用研究均較少,并且機(jī)制尚不明確。鑒于此,本項(xiàng)工作以體外培養(yǎng)的大鼠血管平滑肌細(xì)胞為研究對象,探討SET8是否通過p53/DRAM1通路調(diào)控大鼠血管平滑肌細(xì)胞的自噬和凋亡。
選取胎牛血清(Gibco);SET8質(zhì)粒和DRAM1質(zhì)粒(廣州復(fù)能基因有限公司);Lipofectamine? 3000(Invitrogen);SET8抗體(Abcam);DRAM1和LC3抗體(華安生物技術(shù)有限公司);Bcl-2和Bax抗體(Abcam);GAPDH抗體(Bioworld)。
2.1實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)P偷闹苽渑c分組選取河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)中心的健康雄性清潔級SD大鼠(證書號:1305090)6只,8~10周齡,體重80~100 g,做原代培養(yǎng)[8]。取胸主動(dòng)脈中膜層,剪成小塊,均勻鋪于平底進(jìn)行培養(yǎng)。取第3~4代細(xì)胞,給與刺激。將大鼠VSMCs分為3組:(1)正常normal)組:細(xì)胞未轉(zhuǎn)染;(2)對照(vector)組:轉(zhuǎn)染濃度為2 μg/L的對照NS-shRNA質(zhì)粒;(3)SET8-shRNA組:轉(zhuǎn)染濃度為2 μg/L的SET8-shRNA質(zhì)粒。檢測細(xì)胞自噬及凋亡情況。為驗(yàn)證DRAM1對VSMCs自噬及凋亡的影響,將大鼠VSMCs分為3組:(1)normal組:細(xì)胞未轉(zhuǎn)染;(2)vector組:轉(zhuǎn)染對照質(zhì)粒,濃度為2 μg/L;(3)DRAM1組:轉(zhuǎn)染DRAM1過表達(dá)質(zhì)粒,濃度為2 μg/L。檢測細(xì)胞自噬及凋亡情況。
2.2MTT法檢測細(xì)胞活力取第3代大鼠血管平滑肌細(xì)胞接種于96孔板中,細(xì)胞融合達(dá)60%~70%給予刺激,每組設(shè)3個(gè)復(fù)孔。檢測前4 h將5 g/L的MTT 按每孔20 μL加入各檢測孔中,培養(yǎng)4 h,之后棄去培養(yǎng)液,將二甲基亞砜按每孔150 μl加入各檢測孔,室溫振蕩10 min。于酶標(biāo)儀490 nm波長處測定吸光度()值,記錄結(jié)果。
2.3流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測細(xì)胞凋亡收集大鼠血管平滑肌細(xì)胞,根據(jù)試劑說明書進(jìn)行Annexin V-PE/7-AAD雙重染色,使用流式細(xì)胞儀進(jìn)行檢測,右下象限Annexin V陽性、7-AAD陰性,為早期凋亡細(xì)胞;右上象限Annexin V和7-AAD均為陽性,為晚期凋亡細(xì)胞。實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。
2.4應(yīng)用 Western blot檢測各指標(biāo)蛋白的表達(dá)提取各組大鼠VSMCs的蛋白質(zhì),配制成12%的SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝膠,測蛋白濃度并取20 μg蛋白質(zhì)加樣,電泳條件95 V、1.5 h。使用PVDF膜轉(zhuǎn)膜,轉(zhuǎn)膜條件95 V、1 h。洗膜3次,牛血清白蛋白(5%)封閉1 h。加Ⅰ抗稀釋液(SET8, 1∶500; DRAM1, 1∶1 000; LC3, 1∶1 000; Bax, 1∶2 000; Bcl-2, 1∶1 000; p53, 1∶2 000; GAPDH, 1∶5 000),4 ℃孵育過夜;次日洗膜,加入II抗稀釋液(1∶5 000),37 ℃孵育1 h。使用蛋白成像系統(tǒng)照膜,實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。
2.5共轉(zhuǎn)染實(shí)驗(yàn)為驗(yàn)證SET8對p53和DRAM1的調(diào)節(jié)作用,在大鼠VSMCs中轉(zhuǎn)染SET8-shRNA,并在轉(zhuǎn)染SET8-shRNA的同時(shí)共轉(zhuǎn)染p53-shRNA和DRAM1-shRNA,vector作為對照組,觀察VSMCs凋亡和自噬蛋白的表達(dá)情況。收集轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后的各組細(xì)胞,提取蛋白,檢測Bax、Bcl-2和LC3蛋白表達(dá)。
采用SPSS 20.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理。呈正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(mean±SD)表示,兩組間比較采用檢驗(yàn),多組間的比較采用單因素方差分析,組間兩兩比較采用Student-Newman-Keuls(SNK)檢驗(yàn),<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
給予敲減表達(dá)后,采用Annexin V-PE/7-AAD染色,應(yīng)用流式細(xì)胞儀檢測細(xì)胞凋亡的變化情況。結(jié)果顯示,與normal組和vector組比較,SET8-shRNA組細(xì)胞凋亡顯著增多(<0.05),見圖1。
Figure 1.Effect of SET8 knockdown on apoptosis of rat VSMCs. A: flow cytometry results; B: percentage of apoptotic cells. Mean±SD. n=3. *P<0.05 vs normal group; #P<0.05 vs vector group.
MTT結(jié)果顯示,與normal組和vector組比較,SET8-shRNA組細(xì)胞活力于12 h、24 h、36 h和48 h均顯著降低(<0.05);normal組與vector組比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(>0.05),見圖2。
Figure 2.Effect of SET8 knockdown on rat VSMCs viability. Mean±SD. n=3. *P<0.05 vs normal group; #P<0.05 vs vector group.
Western blot結(jié)果顯示,與normal組和vector組比較,SET8-shRNA組SET8和Bcl-2蛋白相對表達(dá)量顯著降低,p53、DRAM1、LC3-II和Bax蛋白相對表達(dá)量顯著升高(<0.05),見圖3。
Figure 3.Effect of SET8 knockdown on the protein expression of p53, DRAM1, LC3, Bcl-2 and Bax in rat VSMCs in each group. A: Western blot results for each protein; B: relative protein expression. Mean±SD. n=3. *P<0.05 vs normal group; #P<0.05 vs vector group.
流式細(xì)胞術(shù)結(jié)果顯示,與normal組和vector組比較,DRAM1組細(xì)胞凋亡顯著增多(<0.05),見圖4。
Figure 4.Effect of overexpression of DRAM1 on apoptosis of rat VSMCs. A: flow cytometry results; B: percentage of apoptotic cells. Mean±SD. n=3. *P<0.05 vs normal group; #P<0.05 vs vector group.
MTT結(jié)果顯示,與normal組和vector組比較,DRAM1組細(xì)胞活力于12 h、24 h、36 h和48 h均顯著降低(0.05);normal組與vector組比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(0.05),見圖5。
Figure 5.Effect of overexpression of DRAM1 on the viability of rat VSMCs. Mean±SD. n=3. *P<0.05 vs normal group; #P<0.05 vs vector group.
Western blot結(jié)果顯示,與normal組和vector組比較,DRAM1組Bcl-2蛋白相對表達(dá)量顯著降低,DRAM1、LC3-II和Bax蛋白相對表達(dá)量顯著升高(<0.05),見圖6。
Figure 6.Effects of overexpression of DRAM1 on the expression of LC3, Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in rat VSMCs. A: Western blot results for each protein; B:r elative protein expression. Mean±SD. n=3. *P<0.05 vs normal group; #P<0.05 vs vector group.
與vector組比較,將SET8-shRNA轉(zhuǎn)染至VSMCs后,Bax及LC3-II蛋白表達(dá)增高,Bcl-2蛋白表達(dá)顯著降低(0.05);與SET8-shRNA組比較,SET8-shRNA與p53-shRNA共同轉(zhuǎn)染VSMCs后,Bax及LC3-II蛋白表達(dá)降低,Bcl-2蛋白表達(dá)顯著升高(0.05);與SET8-shRNA組比較,SET8-shRNA與DRAM1-shRNA共同轉(zhuǎn)染VSMCs后,Bax及LC3-II蛋白表達(dá)降低,Bcl-2蛋白表達(dá)升高(0.05),見圖7。
Figure 7.Effects of co-transfection of SET8-shRNA with p53-shRNA or DRAM1-shRNA on the expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and LC3 proteins. A: Western blot results for each protein; B: relative protein expression. 1: vector group; 2: SET8-shRNA group; 3: SET8-shRNA+p53-shRNA group; 4,SET8-shRNA+DRAM1-shRNA group. Mean±SD. n=3. *P<0.05 vs vector group; #P<0.05 vs SET8-shRNA group.
血管鈣化是心血管疾病死亡率增高的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素[9]。而細(xì)胞的凋亡、自噬和表型轉(zhuǎn)化等是引起血管鈣化的重要機(jī)制[10-11]。參與細(xì)胞凋亡和自噬的通路有多種。本項(xiàng)工作以體外培養(yǎng)的大鼠血管平滑肌細(xì)胞為研究對象,探討SET8調(diào)控大鼠血管平滑肌細(xì)胞自噬和凋亡的發(fā)生機(jī)制。研究結(jié)果顯示SET8低表達(dá)可誘導(dǎo)大鼠血管平滑肌細(xì)胞發(fā)生自噬與凋亡,其可能機(jī)制是通過促進(jìn)p53及DRAM1表達(dá)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。
賴氨酸甲基轉(zhuǎn)移酶SET8可以特異性單甲基化抑癌基因的382賴氨酸位點(diǎn)(K382me1),能夠抑制的靶基因轉(zhuǎn)錄,進(jìn)而影響細(xì)胞的增殖、凋亡等生物學(xué)功能[12-13]。而抑癌基因參與細(xì)胞生存和分裂的控制,對細(xì)胞凋亡、自噬和細(xì)胞周期有重大的影響[14-15]。Zhang等[12]顯示敲減表達(dá)可通過促進(jìn)p53表達(dá)進(jìn)而促進(jìn)胃癌細(xì)胞發(fā)生凋亡。也有研究顯示在血管平滑肌細(xì)胞凋亡中SET8也起重要作用[16]。但SET8在大鼠血管平滑肌細(xì)胞凋亡和自噬中的具體作用機(jī)制尚不明確,因此本研究以體外培養(yǎng)大鼠血管平滑肌細(xì)胞為模型,通過敲減表達(dá),觀察大鼠血管平滑肌細(xì)胞凋亡情況及自噬蛋白DRAM1和LC3-II等蛋白變化。本研究結(jié)果顯示敲減表達(dá)后,p53、DRAM1和LC3-II表達(dá)上調(diào),促凋亡蛋白Bax表達(dá)升高,抑凋亡蛋白Bcl-2表達(dá)降低,大鼠血管平滑肌細(xì)胞增殖能力降低,凋亡增多。提示敲減后,可通過上調(diào)p53、DRAM1、LC3-II和Bax表達(dá),抑制Bcl-2的表達(dá),進(jìn)而促進(jìn)大鼠血管平滑肌細(xì)胞發(fā)生凋亡。
有研究顯示過表達(dá)能夠上調(diào)自噬蛋白LC3-II表達(dá),進(jìn)而誘導(dǎo)癌細(xì)胞發(fā)生自噬[17]。也有研究表明DRAM1能夠上調(diào)促凋亡蛋白Bax表達(dá),進(jìn)而促進(jìn)宮頸癌細(xì)胞凋亡[18]。而Bax和Bcl-2是一對正負(fù)凋亡調(diào)節(jié)因子,Bax起促進(jìn)凋亡作用,Bcl-2起抗凋亡作用[19]。因此,我們推測DRAM1可能通過調(diào)控Bax、Bcl-2和LC3,進(jìn)而誘導(dǎo)大鼠血管平滑肌細(xì)胞發(fā)生自噬和凋亡。本研究以體外培養(yǎng)大鼠血管平滑肌細(xì)胞為模型,給予過表達(dá),觀察大鼠血管平滑肌細(xì)胞凋亡及自噬情況。結(jié)果顯示給予過表達(dá)后,自噬相關(guān)蛋白LC3-II表達(dá)升高,促凋亡蛋白Bax表達(dá)升高,抑凋亡蛋白Bcl-2表達(dá)降低,大鼠血管平滑肌細(xì)胞凋亡增多,增殖顯著減少。結(jié)果提示,DRAM1可通過上調(diào)自噬蛋白LC3-II和凋亡蛋白Bax表達(dá),抑制Bcl-2的表達(dá),進(jìn)而促進(jìn)大鼠血管平滑肌細(xì)胞發(fā)生自噬和凋亡。2006年Crighton等[6]提出,是下游調(diào)節(jié)自噬的重要基因。編碼238個(gè)氨基酸,是調(diào)控自噬和凋亡的溶酶體膜蛋白[20-21]。為驗(yàn)證SET8是否通過p53和DRAM1通路調(diào)控大鼠血管平滑肌細(xì)胞自噬和凋亡,給予抑制表達(dá)的同時(shí)抑制和表達(dá),結(jié)果顯示與只抑制表達(dá)組相比,抑制同時(shí)抑制或表達(dá)后,Bax和LC3-II顯著降低,Bcl-2顯著升高。
綜上所述,SET8低表達(dá)可以促進(jìn)大鼠血管平滑肌細(xì)胞發(fā)生自噬和凋亡,可能機(jī)制是通過調(diào)節(jié)p53/DRAM1表達(dá),促進(jìn)自噬蛋白LC3-II和凋亡蛋白Bax表達(dá),抑制抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表達(dá),進(jìn)而引起大鼠血管平滑肌細(xì)胞發(fā)生了自噬和凋亡。
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(責(zé)任編輯:盧萍,李淑媛)
Knockdown ofpromotes autophagy and apoptosis of rat vascular smooth muscle cells by up-regulating p53/DRAM1 signaling pathway
LIU Lan, ZHANG Dong-xue, ZHU Rong-fang, LI Hui, LIANG Xiang-nan, ZHANG Sheng-lei, BAI Ya-ling△
(,,050011,)
To investigate whether lysine methyltransferase SET domain-containing protein 8 () knockdown regulates the autophagy and apoptosis of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through p53/DNA damage-regulated autophagy modulator 1 (DRAM1) signaling pathway.Rat VSMCs were divided into 3 groups: normal group, vector group and SET8-shRNA group. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, viability was detected by MTT, and the protein levels of SET8, p53, DRAM1, LC3, Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by Western blot. VSMCs of rats were divided into 3 groups: normal group, vector group and DRAM1 overexpression group. Cell viability, apoptosis and protein levels of DRAM1, LC3, Bax and Bcl-2 were detected.The protein expressions of LC3, Bax and Bcl-2 were observed in VSMCs of rats following suppression oforwhile interfering with.The apoptosis of VSMCs was increased significantly and viability was decreased significantly afterknockdown(<0.05). Western blot showed that the expressions of SET8 and Bcl-2 were decreased, and the expressions of p53, DRAM1, LC3-II and Bax were increased significantly afterknockdown(<0.05). Apoptosis of VSMCs was increased significantly and viability was decreased significantly after overexpression of(<0.05). Western blot showed that the expressions of DRAM1, LC3-II and Bax were increased and the expression of Bcl-2 was decreased after overexpression of DRAM1 (<0.05). The expressions of LC3 and Bax were decreased and the expression of Bcl-2 was increased after inhibiting the expression ofor(<0.05).Autophagy and apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells of rats were promoted by knockdown ofThe possible mechanism is to promote the expression of autophagy protein LC3-II and apoptotic protein Bax by upregulating the expressions of p53 and DRAM1.
Vascular smooth muscle cells; SET8; DRAM1; Autophagy; Apoptosis
R363.2; R543
A
10.3969/j.issn.1000-4718.2022.03.006
1000-4718(2022)03-0427-07
2021-08-20
2022-01-04
[基金項(xiàng)目]河北省醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)研究重點(diǎn)課題(No. 20180513; No. 20190702)
Tel: 15081150811; E-mail: snbyl@163.com