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肝細(xì)胞癌親環(huán)素J的表達(dá)及其作用

2020-07-04 02:56高紅紅王佳慧王志鵬陳劍
關(guān)鍵詞:細(xì)胞增殖肝細(xì)胞

高紅紅 王佳慧 王志鵬 陳劍

[摘要]目的 探討親環(huán)素J(CYPJ)在肝細(xì)胞癌(HCC)組織中的表達(dá)及其作用。方法 應(yīng)用UALCAN和cBioPortal在線網(wǎng)站分析CYPJ在HCC中表達(dá)及其與臨床病理特征關(guān)系,并通過實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR(qPCR)檢測(cè)40例HCC進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。分析CYPJ在HCC中mRNA表達(dá)水平,并通過Kaplan-Meier生存曲線評(píng)估病人預(yù)后。將CYPJ-RNAi克隆入慢病毒載體(LV),并構(gòu)建陰性對(duì)照(NC-LV),分別轉(zhuǎn)染SK-Hep1細(xì)胞,qPCR方法驗(yàn)證轉(zhuǎn)染效率。用MTT法檢測(cè)不同感染復(fù)數(shù)(MOI)對(duì)SK-Hep1細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)的影響。結(jié)果 HCC組織中CYPJ mRNA表達(dá)高于癌旁正常組織(t=2.759,P<0.05),且與腫瘤病理分級(jí)有關(guān)(t=2.557,P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存曲線分析顯示,CYPJ mRNA高表達(dá)病人預(yù)后差(χ2=9.464,P<0.01);通過沉默CYPJ基因表達(dá)可以抑制SK-Hep1細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)(t=3.231、8.976,P<0.01)。結(jié)論 CYPJ mRNA高表達(dá)在HCC生長(zhǎng)過程中具有重要作用,并影響病人預(yù)后。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 癌,肝細(xì)胞;親環(huán)素J;細(xì)胞增殖;預(yù)后

[中圖分類號(hào)] R730.261[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼] A[文章編號(hào)] 2096-5532(2020)04-0404-05

doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2020.56.080[HT]

[網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版] http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/37.1517.R.20200417.0940.012.html;2020-04-18 16:48

EXPRESSION AND ROLE OF CYCLOPHILIN J IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA

GAO Honghong, WANG Jiahui, WANG Zhipeng, CHEN Jian

(Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China)

[ABSTRACT]Objective To investigate the expression and role of cyclophilin J (CYPJ) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). [WTHX]Methods UALCAN and cBioPortal online websites were used to analyze the expression of CYPJ in HCC and its association with clinicopathological features, and the results were verified by quantitative real-time PCR analysis of 40 patients with HCC. The mRNA expression of CYPJ in HCC was analyzed and the Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to evaluate patients prognosis. CYPJ-RNAi was cloned into lentivirus vector (LV) and a negative control (NC-LV) was established, and then they were transfec-ted into SK-Hep1 cells, respectively. The transfection efficiency was verified by qPCR. MTT assay was used to observe the effect of multiplicity of infection (MOI) on the growth of SK-Hep1 cells. Results The expression of CYPJ in HCC tissue was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissue (t=2.759,P<0.05), which was associated with the pathological grade of tumor (t=2.557,P<0.05). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that the patients with high expression of CYPJ tended to have poor prognosis (χ2=9.464,P<0.01). Silencing of the CYPJ gene inhibited the growth of SK-Hep1 cells (t=3.231,8.976;P<0.01).Conclusion High expression of CYPJ plays an important role in HCC tumor growth and affects patients prognosis.

[KEY WORDS] carcinoma, hepatocellular; cyclophilin J; cell proliferation; prognosis

原發(fā)性肝癌死亡率在消化系統(tǒng)惡性腫瘤中位居第3位,其病理類型中以肝細(xì)胞型多見。在我國(guó)慢性病毒性肝炎是肝細(xì)胞癌(HCC)的主要危險(xiǎn)因素,HCC發(fā)生是一個(gè)多步驟的過程[1]。基因測(cè)序技術(shù)揭示了許多遺傳變化,包括復(fù)發(fā)突變基因和信號(hào)通路失調(diào)[2],這些都與肝癌的發(fā)生和發(fā)展有關(guān)。但是肝癌仍然是一種致命的疾病,術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)率高,關(guān)于其預(yù)測(cè)、診斷、治療和預(yù)后監(jiān)測(cè)仍有許多問題亟待解決[3]。親環(huán)素家族(CYPs)在生物界廣泛存在,其中親環(huán)素A(CYPA)是發(fā)現(xiàn)最早、研究最深入的一個(gè)家族成員[4]。相關(guān)的研究結(jié)果已表明,CYPA 在許多惡性腫瘤組織中高表達(dá),并與腫瘤生長(zhǎng)、轉(zhuǎn)移和耐藥等密切相關(guān)[5-6]。新環(huán)素J(CYPJ)為近期研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的新成員,又稱PPIL3,包括PPIL3a和PPIL3b 兩條可變的剪切體[7]。CYPJ與CYPA序列相似度約為50%[8],參與免疫反應(yīng)、細(xì)胞增殖和凋亡等過程[9-10]。然而,關(guān)于CYPJ在HCC的生物學(xué)功能尚不清楚。本實(shí)驗(yàn)研究CYPJ在HCC中表達(dá)情況及其與病人臨床病理特征及預(yù)后的關(guān)系,并通過沉默CYPJ基因表達(dá)抑制SK-Hep1細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng),為評(píng)估病人預(yù)后和開發(fā)新的靶向藥物提供依據(jù)。

1 材料和方法

1.1 數(shù)據(jù)來源和分析

利用UALCAN(http://ualcan.path.uab.edu)在線網(wǎng)站,通過輸入“PPIL3(CYPJ)”基因名稱,分析 TCGA 數(shù)據(jù)庫中HCC組織(371例)和癌旁正常組織(50例)中CYPJ mRNA表達(dá)情況,及其與臨床病理分級(jí)的關(guān)系。利用cBioPortal(http://www.cbioprtal)在線網(wǎng)站,選擇 TCGA 數(shù)據(jù)庫中HCC,分析PPIL3表達(dá)情況與HCC病人預(yù)后的關(guān)系。

1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)樣本

HCC癌組織和癌旁正常組織樣本40對(duì),均來自煙臺(tái)毓璜頂醫(yī)院腫瘤科2012年3月—2013年4月收治病人,入組前未接受放療或化療。其中37例HCC病人乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)陽性,31例HCC病人有肝硬化。40例病人中男35例,女 5例;年齡40~71歲,平均(51.83±8.85)歲。電話隨訪,開始時(shí)間為病人確診時(shí)間,結(jié)束時(shí)間為病人死亡或隨訪截止時(shí)間(2018年4月)。SK-Hep1細(xì)胞購(gòu)自ATCC細(xì)胞庫。本研究獲得了病人或其家屬的書面知情同意,并得到了我院倫理委員會(huì)的批準(zhǔn)。

1.3 實(shí)驗(yàn)材料

RPMI-1640 培養(yǎng)基、胰蛋白酶、胎牛血清(美國(guó)Gibco公司產(chǎn)品);Trizol試劑、逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒(美國(guó)Invitrogen公司);MTT試劑盒(碧云天生物技術(shù)研究所)。

1.4 構(gòu)建慢病毒介導(dǎo)的CYPJ基因沉默

攜帶短發(fā)夾狀干擾RNA(shRNA)的慢病毒載體由上海吉?jiǎng)P基因化學(xué)技術(shù)有限公司構(gòu)建,其正向序列為:gCTGGAAGAGGAGGCAACAG;其反向序列為:CTGTTGCCTCCTCTTCCAGc;接頭序列為:TTCAAGAGA。含有3′dUdU的小干擾RNA(siRNA)片段si-CYPJ(5′-CUGGAAGAGGAGGC-AACA-3′)和si-control(5′-TTCTCCGAACGTGTCACGT-3′)均由上海吉?jiǎng)P基因化學(xué)技術(shù)有限公司合成,并用Blast進(jìn)行序列對(duì)比,檢測(cè)結(jié)果顯示構(gòu)建的si-CYPJ序列與其他CYPS的mRNA沒有顯著的同源性,連接病毒載體進(jìn)行下一步實(shí)驗(yàn)。

1.5 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)與轉(zhuǎn)染

SK-Hep1細(xì)胞用25 cm×25 cm的培養(yǎng)瓶培養(yǎng),置于37 ℃、含體積分?jǐn)?shù)0.05 CO2的培養(yǎng)箱中,培養(yǎng)基為含體積分?jǐn)?shù)0.01胎牛血清的RPMI-1640 5 mL。取對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期的SK-Hep1細(xì)胞,經(jīng)消化、離心,以每孔2×105個(gè)細(xì)胞密度接種于6孔板中。隨機(jī)分為實(shí)驗(yàn)組和對(duì)照組,待細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)至70%融合時(shí)按照慢病毒轉(zhuǎn)染試劑盒說明書進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)染。實(shí)驗(yàn)組轉(zhuǎn)入CYPJ表達(dá)干擾的慢病毒(CYPJ-RNAi-LV組),對(duì)照組轉(zhuǎn)入空載慢病毒(NC-LV組)。轉(zhuǎn)染完成后于培養(yǎng)箱中繼續(xù)培養(yǎng),為后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)做準(zhǔn)備。

1.6 實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR(qPCR)檢測(cè)組織和細(xì)胞中CYPJ mRNA表達(dá)水平

取40對(duì)HCC癌組織和癌旁正常組織研磨,提取總RNA,逆轉(zhuǎn)錄為cDNA,加入引物進(jìn)行qPCR。引物及其序列見表1。PCR的最佳條件為:95 ℃預(yù)變性5 min,擴(kuò)增40周期(95 ℃、50 s,63 ℃、1 min,72 ℃、30 s),以25 μL體積(內(nèi)含SYBR Premix Ex 12.5 μL,TapⅡ1 μL,上下游引物各1 μL,模板DNA 2 μL,7.5 μL dH2O)進(jìn)行PCR反應(yīng)。實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù) 3 次,用2-△△Ct法計(jì)算HCC癌組織和癌旁正常組織中CYPJ mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量。

細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后,收集CYPJ-RNAi-LV組和NC-LV組細(xì)胞,提取細(xì)胞總RNA,檢測(cè)各組CYPJ mRNA表達(dá)水平,實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟同上。實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。

1.7 MTT法檢測(cè)沉默CYPJ對(duì)SK-Hep1細(xì)胞增殖的影響

取對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期的SK-Hep1細(xì)胞接種于96孔板,分為CYPJ-RNAi-LV組和NC-LV組,每組設(shè)3個(gè)復(fù)孔。將病毒上清液分別加入到各組細(xì)胞中,感染復(fù)數(shù)(MOI)設(shè)置為0、0.2、2.0、20.0和200.0,孵育96 h后,各組細(xì)胞每孔加入MTT溶液20 μL(濃度為5 g/L),置于培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)4 h,然后每孔加入Formazan溶解液100 μL,混勻并使結(jié)晶溶解,在細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱內(nèi)繼續(xù)孵育4 h。用酶聯(lián)免疫檢測(cè)儀檢測(cè)各孔570 nm波長(zhǎng)處光密度(OD)值,繪制細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)曲線,以細(xì)胞增殖率(ODCYPJ-RNAi-LV組/ODNC-LV組×100%)表示細(xì)胞增殖情況。

1.8 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

采用SPSS 22.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,計(jì)數(shù)資料結(jié)果以[AKx-D]±s形式表示,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn);采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲線進(jìn)行生存分析。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 HCC癌組織和癌旁正常組織中CYPJ mRNA表達(dá)水平比較

qPCR檢測(cè)結(jié)果顯示,40對(duì)HCC癌組織和癌旁正常組織中CYPJ mRNA的相對(duì)表達(dá)量分別為0.894±0.422、0.668±0.303,HCC癌組織中CYPJ mRNA表達(dá)高于癌旁正常組織,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=2.759,P<0.05)。該結(jié)果與TCGA 數(shù)據(jù)庫分析結(jié)果一致。見圖1。

2.2 HCC癌組織CYPJ mRNA表達(dá)與臨床病理特征關(guān)系

HCC癌組織中CYPJ mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量與病人性別、年齡、甲胎蛋白(AFP)、腫瘤大小、HBsAg、有無肝硬化和有無癌栓等無相關(guān)性(P>0.05),而與臨床病理分級(jí)有關(guān)(t=2.557,P<0.05)。該結(jié)果與TCGA數(shù)據(jù)庫分析結(jié)果一致。見表2。

2.3 HCC病人CYPJ mRNA表達(dá)與預(yù)后關(guān)系

以CYPJ mRNA表達(dá)水平中位數(shù)0.754為截點(diǎn),將HCC病人分為低表達(dá)組和高表達(dá)組,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲線分析顯示,低表達(dá)組和高表達(dá)組生存時(shí)間分別為(53.8±10.1)、(36.1±14.2)個(gè)月;中位生存時(shí)間分別為55.3、28.9個(gè)月,5年生存率分別為55.0%、22.5%。Log-rank檢驗(yàn)顯示,低表達(dá)組病人的總生存時(shí)間(OS)較高表達(dá)組病人延長(zhǎng),兩組比較差異有顯著性(χ2=9.464,P<0.01),與cBioPortal在線網(wǎng)站分析結(jié)果一致。見圖2。

2.4 CYPJ-RNAi-LV與NC-LV組細(xì)胞CYPJ mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量比較

CYPJ-RNAi-LV組和NC-LV組細(xì)胞的CYPJ mRNA 相對(duì)表達(dá)量分別為0.414±0.047和0.846±0.542,兩組相比較差異有顯著意義(t=10.409,P<0.01)。

2.5 沉默CYPJ基因表達(dá)對(duì)SK-Hep1細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)的影響

MTT法檢測(cè)結(jié)果顯示,MOI為20.0、200.0時(shí)CYPJ-RNAi-LV組OD值明顯低于NC-LV組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=3.231、8.976,P<0.01)。沉默CYPJ基因表達(dá)可抑制SK-Hep1細(xì)胞增殖。見圖3。

3 討論

HCC多起病隱匿,多數(shù)病人就診時(shí)已屬中晚期,術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)和肝內(nèi)外轉(zhuǎn)移是導(dǎo)致HCC預(yù)后不良的主要原因,因此需要早發(fā)現(xiàn)和早治療以提高治療效果[11]。導(dǎo)致HCC發(fā)生的危險(xiǎn)因素有很多,包括肝炎病毒(HBV或HCV)感染、病毒性肝炎、乙醇性肝硬化以及非乙醇性脂肪性肝炎等[12]。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)約有80%的HCC病人是HBV攜帶者,這表明HBV感染在肝癌的發(fā)生、發(fā)展中具有重要作用[13]。有研究結(jié)果顯示,早期HCC病人通過有效的治療5年生存率可顯著提高[14]。常用的腫瘤標(biāo)志物為AFP,但其靈敏度和特異度較低[15]。隨著基因組學(xué)和蛋

白質(zhì)組學(xué)等技術(shù)的應(yīng)用,有望獲得特異性肝癌腫瘤標(biāo)記物,為肝癌的早期發(fā)現(xiàn)提供依據(jù)[16]。CYPs家族具有肽基脯氨?;樂词疆悩?gòu)酶(PPlase)活性和分子伴侶功能,在多種疾病中發(fā)揮重要作用[17]。其中,CYPA參與病毒感染[18]、炎性疾病[19]和腫瘤形成[6]等病理過程。CYPA與環(huán)孢素A(Cs A)具有高度親合力[17],二者在細(xì)胞內(nèi)相互作用可以形成CYPA-Cs A復(fù)合物,該復(fù)合物可以阻斷絲裂原激活蛋白激酶(MAPK)/p38信號(hào)通路的活化,從而抑制細(xì)胞的增殖[20]。另有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),CYPA在非小細(xì)胞肺癌(NSCLC)中高表達(dá),可以促進(jìn)細(xì)胞增殖、侵襲和遷移,p38抑制劑SB 203580可以抑制細(xì)胞的遷移[21]。在治療晚期NSCLC病人時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn),Cs A與吉非替尼組合比單獨(dú)應(yīng)用吉非替尼更有效[22]。ZHAO等[23]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),含喹喔啉的ZX-J-19及其衍生物ZX-J-19j和ZX-J-19l可抑制PPIase活性,對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)有顯著的抑制作用,且效果比Cs A好。還有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),HCC病人CYPA高表達(dá)與耐藥相關(guān)基因的表達(dá)及化療耐藥產(chǎn)生有關(guān)[24]。這些研究表明,CYPA在腫瘤發(fā)生、發(fā)展中具有重要作用,并與耐藥產(chǎn)生有關(guān),而親環(huán)素抑制劑在治療腫瘤方面具有重要的意義。由于CYPA和CYPJ序列相似度高,可能在某些功能上極為相似,CYPJ在腫瘤發(fā)生發(fā)展中的作用值得探討。

在2005年,已有研究者通過基因芯片技術(shù)將CYPJ作為差異性基因,從腦膠質(zhì)瘤組織中篩選出來[25]。另有研究通過對(duì)11項(xiàng)全基因組相關(guān)研究進(jìn)行分析發(fā)現(xiàn),CYPJ(2q33)可作為乳癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)基因,該研究結(jié)果有助于提高乳癌家族發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的預(yù)測(cè)[26]。PHILIPPE等[27]的研究結(jié)果顯示,親環(huán)素抑制劑(CRV431)可以抑制親環(huán)素PPlase的活性,從而抑制小鼠肝臟內(nèi)的HBV DNA水平。HBV感染是HCC最常見的危險(xiǎn)因素,這一研究結(jié)果為HCC治療帶來了啟示。GONG等[28]應(yīng)用免疫組化實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)120例胃癌組織和癌旁組織研究發(fā)現(xiàn),CYPJ在胃癌組織中高表達(dá),且與腫瘤分化程度有關(guān),在腫瘤生長(zhǎng)過程中具有重要作用。本研究通過UALCAN在線網(wǎng)站分析顯示CYPJ在HCC中高表達(dá),與臨床病理分級(jí)有關(guān),并通過qPCR實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證了數(shù)據(jù)庫分析的結(jié)果。有研究結(jié)果表明,在癌細(xì)胞中CYPJ與凋亡蛋白相互作用,影響其發(fā)揮作用,為研究凋亡蛋白在細(xì)胞中的定位機(jī)制提供了新的方向[29]。SELMANSBERGER等[30]在對(duì)核輻射后甲狀腺癌研究時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn),CLIP2參與細(xì)胞凋亡、MAPK信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)和遺傳不穩(wěn)定性等致癌過程,且影響CYPJ的表達(dá)水平。本文研究結(jié)果顯示,通過沉默CYPJ基因的表達(dá)可以抑制SK-Hep1細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng),證明了CYPJ可以促進(jìn)癌細(xì)胞增殖,其具體作用機(jī)制有待下一步實(shí)驗(yàn)。本研究結(jié)果還顯示,CYPJ基因高表達(dá)HCC病人預(yù)后差,結(jié)果與cBioPortal在線網(wǎng)站分析結(jié)果一致。其次,本文結(jié)果還顯示,沉默CYPJ基因表達(dá)可抑制SK-Hep1細(xì)胞增殖,并選擇高效率MOI為后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)做準(zhǔn)備;CYPJ在腫瘤生長(zhǎng)過程中具有重要作用,并影響病人預(yù)后。目前關(guān)于CYPJ在肝癌中作用研究較少,值得進(jìn)一步研究。

總之,CYPJ基因在HCC癌組織中表達(dá)升高,并影響病人預(yù)后。沉默CYPJ基因表達(dá)可以抑制細(xì)胞增殖,其作用機(jī)制可能與MAPK/p38信號(hào)通路有關(guān),有待下一步研究證實(shí)。CYPJ可能成為評(píng)估病人預(yù)后、開發(fā)新型抗癌藥物的潛在靶點(diǎn)。

[參考文獻(xiàn)]

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(本文編輯 黃建鄉(xiāng))

[收稿日期]2019-10-22; [修訂日期]2020-02-12

[基金項(xiàng)目]中華國(guó)際醫(yī)學(xué)交流基金會(huì)先聲抗腫瘤治療專項(xiàng)科研基金項(xiàng)目(Z20140615325)

[第一作者]高紅紅(1989-),女,碩士研究生。

[通信作者]陳劍(1973-),男,主任醫(yī)師,碩士生導(dǎo)師。E-mail:chenjianyt@163.com。

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