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血清尿酸水平與結(jié)腸癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的關(guān)系

2020-07-04 02:56林媛田字彬
關(guān)鍵詞:尿酸危險(xiǎn)因素

林媛 田字彬

[摘要]目的 探討血清尿酸(UA)水平評(píng)估結(jié)腸癌病人淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的價(jià)值。方法 對(duì)857例經(jīng)病理明確診斷為結(jié)腸癌病人的臨床資料進(jìn)行分析,應(yīng)用Spearman及二元Logistic回歸分析方法分析結(jié)腸癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)因素,應(yīng)用受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線分析血UA作為結(jié)腸癌轉(zhuǎn)移評(píng)估指標(biāo)的靈敏度和特異度。結(jié)果 857例結(jié)腸癌病人中男性540例,伴有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移114例(21.11%);女性317例,伴有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移78例(24.61%)。單因素相關(guān)分析顯示,結(jié)腸癌病人淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移與血清UA水平、腫瘤直徑、癌胚抗原水平、血肌酐(Cr)水平相關(guān)(Z=-5.291~4.080,P<0.05)。二元Logistic回歸分析顯示,UA水平、腫瘤直徑、癌胚抗原水平是影響結(jié)腸癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素(OR=0.922~1.007,P<0.05)。血清UA水平評(píng)估結(jié)腸癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的ROC曲線下面積為0.764,截?cái)嘀禐?22.55 μmol/L時(shí)診斷靈敏度為72.4%,特異度為65.6%。結(jié)論 血清UA水平是影響結(jié)腸癌病人淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,血清UA水平檢測(cè)可能對(duì)結(jié)腸癌病人腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移的評(píng)估起到一定作用。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 尿酸;結(jié)腸腫瘤;淋巴轉(zhuǎn)移;危險(xiǎn)因素

[中圖分類號(hào)] R735.35[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼] A[文章編號(hào)] 2096-5532(2020)04-0385-04

doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2020.56.078[HT]

[網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版] http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/37.1517.r.20200417.0959.014.html;2020-04-20 09:17

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERUM URIC ACID LEVEL AND LYMPH NODE METASTASIS OF COLON CANCER

LIN Yuan, TIAN Zibin

(Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China)

[ABSTRACT]Objective To investigate the value of serum uric acid (UA) level in evaluating lymph node metastasis in colon cancer patients.

Methods An analysis was performed on the clinical data of 857 patients with pathologically confirmed colon cancer. Spearman and binary logistic regression tests were used to analyze the factors related to lymph node metastasis of colon cancer. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of serum UA level as the assessment indicator of colon cancer metastasis. Results Among the 857 patients with colon cancer, 540 were male, of whom 114 (21.11%) were with lymph node metastasis; 317 were female, of whom 78 (24.61%) were with lymph node metastasis. Univariate regression analysis showed that lymph node metastasis in colon cancer patients was associated with serum UA level, tumor

diameter, carcinoembryonic antigen level, and serum creatinine level (Z=-5.291-4.080,P<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that serum UA level, tumor diameter, and carcinoembryonic antigen level were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis of colon cancer (odds ratio=0.922-1.007,P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve of serum UA level for assessing lymph node metastasis of colon cancer was 0.764, with diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 72.4% and 65.6%, respectively, when using 222.55 μmol/L as a cut-off value.

Conclusion Serum UA level is an independent risk factor for lymph node metastasis in colon cancer patients. The measurement of serum UA level may play a role in evaluating tumor metastasis in colon cancer patients.

[KEY WORDS] uric acid; colonic neoplasms; lymphatic metastasis; risk factors

結(jié)直腸癌發(fā)病率位居全球惡性腫瘤第4位,死亡率位居第2位[1]。2015年統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示,我國結(jié)直腸癌每年新發(fā)病例37.6萬,死亡病例19.1萬[2]。近年來隨著結(jié)直腸癌篩查的普及、檢查和治療水平的提高,結(jié)直腸癌的早期診斷率、局部控制率和生存率均有明顯提高。尿酸(UA)是人體內(nèi)核酸嘌呤的代謝終末產(chǎn)物,在人體內(nèi)主要以尿酸鹽的形式存在于細(xì)胞內(nèi)及細(xì)胞液中,其含量與嘌呤食物的攝入及體內(nèi)核酸的分解代謝有關(guān),且受生活方式、年齡等因素的影響。UA生成與排泄的平衡維系著機(jī)體內(nèi)血UA水平穩(wěn)態(tài),平衡失調(diào)則會(huì)導(dǎo)致高尿酸血癥[3-4]。流行病學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)顯示,近20年來我國高尿酸血癥的患病率至少增加了10倍,約有1.2億病人,且有年輕化趨勢(shì)[5]。現(xiàn)有研究結(jié)果表明,血清UA水平的升高與腎臟損傷、心血管系統(tǒng)疾病、肺癌及腸道屏障的損傷等密切相關(guān)[6-8]。多項(xiàng)研究表明,血清UA水平的升高是惡性腫瘤發(fā)生及預(yù)后不良的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素[9-11]。且UA的促炎特性在癌癥的發(fā)生發(fā)展中可能起重要作用[3]。本研究探討血清UA水平評(píng)估結(jié)腸癌病人淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的價(jià)值,以期通過控制血清UA水平改善結(jié)腸癌病人預(yù)后。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

2014年1月—2019年1月,我院胃腸外科收治、經(jīng)手術(shù)治療并術(shù)后病理確診結(jié)腸癌病人857例,收集其臨床及病理資料,包括年齡、性別、體質(zhì)量指數(shù)、腫瘤最大直徑、腫瘤位置、有無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移以及手術(shù)前血清UA、總蛋白(TP)、丙氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(ALT)、天門冬氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(AST)、肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(UN)、癌胚抗原(CEA)等檢查結(jié)果。所有資料通過電子病歷系統(tǒng)收集。按2010年WHO消化系統(tǒng)腫瘤組織學(xué)分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行結(jié)腸癌診斷及分級(jí),所有病人均為初次診斷結(jié)腸癌,未經(jīng)過任何治療,并且排除原發(fā)性痛風(fēng)、高尿酸血癥、心血管疾病、高血壓、糖尿病、傳染病、肝腎功能不全及其他惡性腫瘤病人。

1.2 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析

應(yīng)用SPSS 23.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。首先應(yīng)用Kolmogorov-Smirnov法對(duì)連續(xù)變量進(jìn)行正態(tài)性檢驗(yàn),正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料結(jié)果以[AKx-D]±s形式表示,數(shù)據(jù)間比較采用t檢驗(yàn);非正態(tài)分布計(jì)量資料結(jié)果以M(P25,P75)形式表示,數(shù)據(jù)間比較采用秩和檢驗(yàn)。將單因素相關(guān)分析結(jié)果中結(jié)腸癌有無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移組間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義的變量納入二元Logistic回歸分析,應(yīng)用二元Logistic回歸分析法分析與結(jié)腸癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)的可能因素。應(yīng)用受試者工作特征曲線(ROC曲線)分析血UA作為結(jié)腸癌轉(zhuǎn)移評(píng)估指標(biāo)的靈敏度和特異度。P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 結(jié)腸癌有無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移組臨床特征比較

本文857例病人中伴淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移組(B組)192例,無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移組(A組)665例,伴淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移組血清UA、CEA及血Cr水平明顯高于無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移組(Z=-5.291~-2.430,P<0.05),腫瘤直徑≥5 cm病人構(gòu)成比較無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移組小,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=4.080,P<0.05)。見表1。

2.2 結(jié)腸癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的危險(xiǎn)因素分析

將上述單因素分析有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異的變量納入二元Logistic回歸分析中,以腫瘤直徑、血UA水平、血Cr水平及CEA水平為連續(xù)性變量,因變量設(shè)定為結(jié)腸癌是否發(fā)生了淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移,是=1,否=0;連續(xù)性變量以原始數(shù)值形式納入分析中,以O(shè)R值>1.000為危險(xiǎn)因素,OR值≤1.000為保護(hù)因素。分析結(jié)果顯示,腫瘤直徑與結(jié)腸癌病人淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的發(fā)生呈負(fù)相關(guān)(OR=0.922,P=0.035),在其他因素不變的情況下,腫瘤直徑每增加1 cm,結(jié)腸癌發(fā)生淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就降低7.8%。而血清UA、CEA水平則與結(jié)腸癌病人淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的發(fā)生呈正相關(guān)(OR=1.007、1.004,P<0.05),在其他因素不變的情況下,血清UA水平每增加1 μmol/L,結(jié)腸癌病人發(fā)生淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的可能性將增加1.007倍;血清CEA水平每增加1 μg/L,結(jié)腸癌病人發(fā)生淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的可能性增加1.004倍。各相關(guān)因素的相對(duì)危險(xiǎn)度及其95%CI見表2。

2.3 血清UA、CEA水平及腫瘤直徑作為結(jié)腸癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移評(píng)估指標(biāo)的價(jià)值

分別以血清UA水平、CEA水平和腫瘤直徑為指標(biāo)繪制ROC曲線。以血清UA水平評(píng)估結(jié)腸癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的ROC曲線下面積為0.764,其截?cái)嘀?/p>

為222.55 μmol/L時(shí)診斷靈敏度為72.4%,特異度為65.6%。血清CEA水平評(píng)估結(jié)腸癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的ROC曲線下面積為0.579,截?cái)嘀禐?.23 μg/L時(shí)診斷的靈敏度為44.3%,特異度為70.8%。腫瘤直徑評(píng)估結(jié)腸癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的ROC曲線下面積為0.440,截?cái)嘀禐?.75 cm時(shí)診斷靈敏度為96.4%,特異度為8.5%。見圖1。

3 討論

多項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果顯示,血清UA水平與直腸癌等惡性腫瘤存在相關(guān)性,血清UA水平增加是癌癥發(fā)病率和死亡率升高的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素[12-15]。CHENG等[16]研究顯示,高尿酸血癥是直腸癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素之一,而血清UA水平是食管鱗癌、鼻咽癌、口腔鱗癌等腫瘤預(yù)后不良的獨(dú)立預(yù)測(cè)因素[17-18]。本文研究檢測(cè)了結(jié)腸癌病人未經(jīng)治療時(shí)的血清UA水平,結(jié)果顯示,與無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的結(jié)腸癌病人相比,伴淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的病人血清中UA、CEA及Cr水平明顯升高,腫瘤直徑≥5 cm者構(gòu)成比較小。Logistic回歸分析結(jié)果顯示,血清UA、CEA水平及腫瘤直徑與結(jié)腸癌轉(zhuǎn)移存在相關(guān)性。血清UA水平與結(jié)腸癌病人淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的發(fā)生呈正相關(guān),是一項(xiàng)重要的結(jié)腸癌病人淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的預(yù)測(cè)指標(biāo)。

澳大利亞一項(xiàng)包含了21 683例女性受試者、平均隨訪時(shí)間達(dá)15年的前瞻性研究表明,血清UA水

[LL]平升高是乳癌、女性生殖系統(tǒng)腫瘤等多種惡性腫瘤預(yù)后不良的指標(biāo)之一[9]。還有研究表明,癌癥病人病變組織增殖及核酸復(fù)制加快,而核酸分解會(huì)導(dǎo)致內(nèi)源性途徑嘌呤產(chǎn)生增多,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致血清UA水平升高,這可能是惡性腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移與UA值升高存在相關(guān)性的主要原因[19]。UA通過炎癥反應(yīng)參與代謝途徑,高水平的血清UA可能導(dǎo)致代謝綜合征[20],而代謝綜合征引起的全身炎癥反應(yīng)、胰島素抵抗和氧化應(yīng)激可能增加結(jié)直腸腫瘤的遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移率及死亡率[21-22]。部分非腫瘤性疾病中血清UA水平被認(rèn)為與炎癥及氧化應(yīng)激有關(guān)[23],UA通過單鈉尿酸鹽(MSU)結(jié)晶或可溶性因子兩種方式發(fā)揮促炎作用。①M(fèi)SU結(jié)晶可被Toll樣受體4識(shí)別,從而促進(jìn)白細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生促炎細(xì)胞因子[24];②細(xì)胞內(nèi)UA水平升高,激活MAP激酶(p38和ERK),進(jìn)而激活NF-κB炎性通路,誘導(dǎo)MCP-1和C反應(yīng)蛋白等炎癥遞質(zhì)的表達(dá)[25]。還有研究表明,細(xì)胞內(nèi)高濃度的UA可引起腫瘤細(xì)胞炎癥和氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng),引起血管內(nèi)皮損傷,從而促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化、增殖、浸潤(rùn)和血管生成,有利于腫瘤的侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移[26-28]。

MORI等[29]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),血清CEA和C反應(yīng)蛋白水平是判斷結(jié)直腸癌病人預(yù)后的生物學(xué)指標(biāo)。血清CEA是目前臨床最常應(yīng)用于監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)直腸癌病人預(yù)后的指標(biāo)之一[30]。但血清UA水平與結(jié)腸癌病人腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移的關(guān)系尚不清楚。本文研究結(jié)果顯示,結(jié)腸癌病人血清UA水平與結(jié)腸癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的發(fā)生呈正相關(guān),血清UA水平升高可能預(yù)示結(jié)腸癌轉(zhuǎn)移。提示血清UA可能是一種新的評(píng)估結(jié)腸癌轉(zhuǎn)移的腫瘤標(biāo)志物。但本研究中樣本量相對(duì)較小,研究結(jié)果存在一定的局限性,且為單中心回顧性研究,與血清UA水平相關(guān)的因素如飲食、飲酒、生活習(xí)慣等因素也沒有被納入分析,還需要更多大樣本高質(zhì)量的臨床研究來進(jìn)一步明確血清UA水平與腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移之間的關(guān)系。

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(本文編輯 黃建鄉(xiāng))

[收稿日期]2019-11-13; [修訂日期]2020-03-12

[基金項(xiàng)目]國家自然科學(xué)基金面上項(xiàng)目(81970461),山東省自然科學(xué)基金面上項(xiàng)目(ZR2018MH004)

[第一作者]林媛(1994-),女,碩士研究生。

[通信作者]田字彬(1963-),男,博士,主任醫(yī)師,博士生導(dǎo)師。E-mail:tianzb@qduhospital.cn。

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