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miR—221對(duì)結(jié)核分枝桿菌感染巨噬細(xì)胞后炎性因子表達(dá)的影響

2018-09-17 02:51何寶明柏瑩李艷琴
關(guān)鍵詞:物組報(bào)告基因熒光素酶

何寶明 柏瑩 李艷琴

[摘要] 目的 探討microRNA-221(miR-221)對(duì)結(jié)核分枝桿菌感染巨噬細(xì)胞后炎癥因子水平的影響。 方法 用qRT-PCR檢測(cè)結(jié)核分枝桿菌感染后巨噬細(xì)胞中miR-221的表達(dá);用miR-221模擬物和miR-221抑制物轉(zhuǎn)染結(jié)核分枝桿菌感染的巨噬細(xì)胞,采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附測(cè)定(ELISA)法和Griess法分別檢測(cè)炎癥因子表達(dá)和NO分泌;雙熒光素酶報(bào)告基因、qRT-PCR和Western blot法檢測(cè)miR-221和Rho相關(guān)蛋白激酶1(ROCK1)的靶向關(guān)系。 結(jié)果 miR-221在結(jié)核分枝桿菌感染的巨噬細(xì)胞中低表達(dá);miR-221模擬物上調(diào)巨噬細(xì)胞miR-221的表達(dá)水平,抑制巨噬細(xì)胞腫瘤壞死因子α(TNF-α)、白細(xì)胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6和NO的分泌;miR-221抑制物下調(diào)巨噬細(xì)胞miR-221的表達(dá)水平,促進(jìn)巨噬細(xì)胞TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6和NO的分泌;miR-221可作用于ROCK1的3′UTR,并抑制其表達(dá)(P < 0.05)。 結(jié)論 miR-221通過靶向抑制ROCK1的表達(dá)抑制結(jié)核分枝桿菌感染巨噬細(xì)胞后的炎癥因子的表達(dá)。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 結(jié)核分枝桿菌;單核巨噬細(xì)胞;MicroRNA-221;Rho相關(guān)蛋白激酶1;炎癥因子

[中圖分類號(hào)] R521 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2018)08(c)-0014-05

[Abstract] Objective To explore the effects of miR-221 on the inflammatory factor secretion from macrophages after Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Methods The expression of miR-221 in macrophages after Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Macrophages were transiently transfected with miR-221 mimic or miR-221 inhibitor. The expression of macrophage inflammatory factor and secretion of NO were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Griess method, respectively. The relationship of miR-221 and Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) was analyzed by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, qRT-PCR and Western blot. Results Down-regulated miR-221 was observed in macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The expression of miR-221 in macrophages was up-regulated by miR-221 mimics, but down-regulated by miR-221 inhibitors. The secretions of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and NO were significantly accelerated in macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and increased in miR-221 up-regulated macrophages, but suppressed in miR-221 down-regulated macrophages. miR-221 directly binds to the 3′UTR of ROCK1, and negatively regulated its expression. Conclusion miR-221 can regulate the ROCK1 expression and inhibit the secration of inflammatory factors expression in macrophages after Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

[Key words] Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Monocyte-derived macrophages; MicroRNA-221; Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1; Inflammatory factors

肺結(jié)核是由結(jié)核分枝桿菌感染引發(fā)的一種慢性傳染性疾病[1]。巨噬細(xì)胞在肺結(jié)核的發(fā)病機(jī)制中發(fā)揮重要作用[2]。結(jié)核分枝桿菌感染人體后,主要被巨噬細(xì)胞吞噬,隨后巨噬細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生和分泌腫瘤壞死因子α(TNF-α)、白細(xì)胞介素(IL)-1β和IL-6等多種細(xì)胞因子介導(dǎo)機(jī)體的殺菌過程[3]。同時(shí),感染細(xì)菌的巨噬細(xì)胞內(nèi)一氧化氮合酶(NOS)的活性隨時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)升高,導(dǎo)致NOS的催化底物NO的的含量增加,此NO會(huì)作為強(qiáng)抗炎氧化劑促進(jìn)殺滅結(jié)核分枝桿菌[3]。因此,炎癥因子和NO在肺結(jié)核的疾病進(jìn)程中起重要作用。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)miR-221能夠通過調(diào)節(jié)各類炎癥因子的表達(dá),在免疫反應(yīng)過程中發(fā)揮重要作用[4-5]。據(jù)報(bào)道,microRNA-221(miR-221)在結(jié)核分枝桿菌感染的肺結(jié)核患者中表達(dá)降低[6-7]。本研究探討miR-221在巨噬細(xì)胞抗結(jié)核分枝桿菌感染的免疫調(diào)節(jié)中的作用。

1 材料與方法

1.1 主要試劑

結(jié)核分枝桿菌強(qiáng)毒株H37Rv(美國(guó)ATCC公司);HEK293細(xì)胞(中國(guó)科學(xué)院上海細(xì)胞庫(kù));miR-221模擬物、抑制物(上海吉瑪生物制藥技術(shù)有限公司);酶聯(lián)免疫吸附測(cè)定(ELISA)試劑盒(上海BlueGene公司)。

1.2 細(xì)菌制備

細(xì)菌初次傳代后培養(yǎng)6~7 d[8],收集菌液,制成單細(xì)菌懸液,再調(diào)整濃度至4×107個(gè)/mL。

1.3 細(xì)胞分離和培養(yǎng)

巨噬細(xì)胞分離自健康人的外周血(陜西省漢中市中心醫(yī)院檢驗(yàn)科采集),方法如文獻(xiàn)[9]所述。取健康人的靜脈血,將血液離心得到單核細(xì)胞。洗滌去除血小板后,用含20%人血清白蛋白的RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)基于37℃、5%CO2的培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng),2~3 d換1次液,7~10 d后即可自然分化成巨噬細(xì)胞。

1.4 細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染

取對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期的巨噬細(xì)胞,用LipofectamineTM 2000轉(zhuǎn)染miR-221模擬物、miR-221抑制物以及相應(yīng)的陰性對(duì)照,培養(yǎng)48 h。

1.5 細(xì)菌感染巨噬細(xì)胞

巨噬細(xì)胞與結(jié)核分枝桿菌的比例為1∶5,在含0.4%人血清白蛋白R(shí)PMI 1640培養(yǎng)基中混合[6],37℃孵育24、48、72 h后收集細(xì)胞。

1.6 ELISA檢測(cè)

收集細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)上清,用ELISA法分別檢測(cè)IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的含量。實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。

1.7 Griess法

收集培養(yǎng)上清液,加Griess試劑反應(yīng)10 min,檢測(cè)吸光度(OD550 nm)值,計(jì)算NO濃度,實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。

1.8 雙熒光素酶報(bào)告基因

雙熒光素酶報(bào)告基因載體的構(gòu)建:對(duì)ROCK1的3′UTR序列與miR-221相互作用進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè),且對(duì)相互作用的靶點(diǎn)進(jìn)行序列突變(Mut ROCK1),并將突變序列插入到pGL3熒光素酶報(bào)告載體的XbaI/FseI位點(diǎn)。PCR擴(kuò)增ROCK1包含miR-221假定結(jié)合位點(diǎn)的3'UTR cDNA,并將擴(kuò)增出的序列連接于pGL3雙熒光素酶報(bào)告基因載體上。將HEK293細(xì)胞種于24孔板中,將pGL3-ROCK1 3′-UTR與miR-221模擬物共轉(zhuǎn)染于細(xì)胞中。轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后收集細(xì)胞,在酶標(biāo)儀上檢測(cè)熒光素酶活性,實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。

1.9 實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)

用TRIzol提取細(xì)胞總RNA。miR-221的檢測(cè):100 ng總RNA用逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒逆轉(zhuǎn)錄得到cDNA,以U6為內(nèi)參基因,用qRT-PCR試劑盒檢測(cè)miR-221表達(dá)水平。ROCK1的檢測(cè):2 μg RNA用M-MLV逆轉(zhuǎn)錄酶合成cDNA,以β-actin為內(nèi)參基因,qRT-PCR試劑盒檢測(cè)ROCK1表達(dá)水平。用2-ΔΔCt計(jì)算mRNA表達(dá)量。

1.10 Western blot

細(xì)胞經(jīng)RIPA裂解后,用BCA法測(cè)蛋白濃度,等量蛋白樣本上樣,經(jīng)SDS-PAGE分離后轉(zhuǎn)至PVDF膜,50 g/L脫脂奶粉封閉2 h后,加兔抗人ROCK1抗體,4℃孵育過夜;用TBST洗膜后,加入HRP標(biāo)記的山羊抗兔IgG,室溫孵育1 h,洗膜后,ECL化學(xué)發(fā)光顯色,實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。

1.11 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS 22.0軟件進(jìn)行分析。計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn)或方差分析。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 結(jié)核分枝桿菌感染降低巨噬細(xì)胞miR-221的表達(dá)

在結(jié)核分枝桿菌感染巨噬細(xì)胞不同時(shí)間后,miR-221的表達(dá)水平均顯著降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見圖1。

2.2 miR-221模擬物和miR-221抑制物改變巨噬細(xì)胞miR-221的表達(dá)水平

將miR-221模擬物或miR-221抑制物轉(zhuǎn)染入巨噬細(xì)胞中,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),miR-221模擬物組的miR-211表達(dá)高于模擬物對(duì)照組,同時(shí)miR-221抑制物組的miR-211表達(dá)低于抑制物對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見圖2。

2.3 miR-221抑制結(jié)核分枝桿菌感染后巨噬細(xì)胞炎癥因子的分泌

感染組、模擬物對(duì)照組、抑制物對(duì)照組巨噬細(xì)胞TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6的表達(dá)高于對(duì)照組,miR-221模擬物組的TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6表達(dá)低于模擬物對(duì)照組,miR-221抑制物組的TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6表達(dá)高于抑制物對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見圖3。

2.4 miR-221抑制結(jié)核分枝桿菌感染后巨噬細(xì)胞NO的釋放

感染組、模擬物對(duì)照組、抑制物對(duì)照組的NO釋放量高于對(duì)照組,miR-221模擬物組的NO量高于模擬物對(duì)照組,miR-221抑制物組的NO量低于抑制物對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見圖4。

2.5 miR-221對(duì)ROCK1的調(diào)控作用

用靶基因預(yù)測(cè)軟件(TargetScan)發(fā)現(xiàn),在多種炎癥疾病中起重要作用的分子ROCK1是miR-221的一個(gè)靶基因(圖5A)。雙熒光素酶報(bào)告結(jié)果顯示,過表達(dá)miR-221,靶基因ROCK1 3′UTR區(qū)活性明顯受到抑制(P < 0.05,圖5B)。檢測(cè)miR-221對(duì)結(jié)核分枝桿菌感染細(xì)胞中ROCK1表達(dá)的影響,感染組、模擬物對(duì)照組、抑制物對(duì)照組中ROCK1 mRNA和蛋白的表達(dá)高于對(duì)照組,miR-221模擬物組中ROCK1 mRNA和蛋白的表達(dá)低于模擬物對(duì)照組,miR-221抑制物組中ROCK1 mRNA和蛋白的表達(dá)高于抑制物對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05,圖5C~D)。

3 討論

巨噬細(xì)胞是結(jié)核分枝桿菌感染的主要靶細(xì)胞和宿主細(xì)胞,該細(xì)胞在結(jié)核分枝桿菌引起的免疫反應(yīng)中起重要作用[10]。機(jī)體感染結(jié)核桿菌后,巨噬細(xì)胞被激活,高表達(dá)NOS和L-精氨酸,并在四氫生物碟呤的存在下,催化產(chǎn)生非特異性的殺菌物質(zhì)NO,參與抗感染早期過程[11]。同時(shí)活化的巨噬細(xì)胞促進(jìn)TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6等細(xì)胞因子大量釋放,活化炎癥細(xì)胞,增強(qiáng)機(jī)體對(duì)結(jié)核分枝桿菌的殺傷功能。本實(shí)驗(yàn)中巨噬細(xì)胞用結(jié)核分枝桿菌感染后TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6釋放顯著增加。

研究發(fā)現(xiàn),多種miRNA在肺結(jié)核患者血液中異常表達(dá)[12]。如miR-21[13]、miR-146a[14]和miR-144[2]等。據(jù)報(bào)道m(xù)iR-221可轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)節(jié)炎癥相關(guān)因子的表達(dá)[4],可通過靶向調(diào)節(jié)脂聯(lián)素受體1調(diào)節(jié)血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的炎性反應(yīng)[5]。Ni等[6]發(fā)現(xiàn)miR-221在結(jié)核分枝桿菌感染的巨噬細(xì)胞中表達(dá)降低。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),結(jié)核分枝桿菌感染巨噬細(xì)胞后,miR-221表達(dá)顯著降低,與現(xiàn)有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道[6]一致。此外,通過在巨噬細(xì)胞中轉(zhuǎn)染miR-221模擬物及抑制物,提示miR-221模擬物降低炎性因子和NO分泌,miR-221抑制物促進(jìn)炎性因子和NO分泌,提示巨噬細(xì)胞可能通過調(diào)節(jié)miR-221的表達(dá),抑制結(jié)核分枝桿菌的免疫清除。

ROCK是炎癥疾病中的關(guān)鍵調(diào)節(jié)分子,在脊髓損傷[15]、急性肺損傷[16]和心血管疾病[17-18]等多種炎癥疾病中起重要作用。ROCK以ROCK1和ROCK2兩種異構(gòu)體形式存在。ROCK1對(duì)炎癥細(xì)胞的黏附起重要的調(diào)節(jié)作用[19],且有實(shí)驗(yàn)證明ROCK1可激活巨噬細(xì)胞介導(dǎo)的炎性反應(yīng)[20]。本研究用生物信息學(xué)的方法預(yù)測(cè)出miR-221與ROCK1存在良好的堿基互補(bǔ)關(guān)系,并通過雙熒光素酶報(bào)告基因、qRT-PCR和Western blot提示miR-221可靶向調(diào)控ROCK1的表達(dá)。

綜上所述,miR-221在結(jié)核分枝桿菌感染的巨噬細(xì)胞中表達(dá)降低,miR-221負(fù)性調(diào)節(jié)結(jié)核分枝桿菌誘發(fā)的巨噬細(xì)胞免疫應(yīng)答,并可靶向抑制ROCK1 mRNA和蛋白的表達(dá),為研究巨噬細(xì)胞在機(jī)體內(nèi)的免疫機(jī)制提供理論依據(jù)。

[參考文獻(xiàn)]

[1] Mjid M,Cherif J,Ben Salah N,et al. Epidemiology of tuberculosis [J]. Rev Pneumol Clin,2015,71(2/3):67-72.

[2] Liu HY. Down-regulation of miR-144 after Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection promotes inflammatory factor secretion from macrophages through the Tpl2/ERK pathway [J]. Cell Mol Biol(Noisy-le-grand),2016,62(2):87-93.

[3] 程濤,伍偉玲,黃河.肺結(jié)核患者Th1/Th2/Treg/Th17免疫應(yīng)答的臨床研究[J].中國(guó)醫(yī)藥導(dǎo)報(bào),2017,14(26):109-112.

[4] Marques-Rocha JL,Samblas M,Milagro FI,et al. Noncoding RNAs,cytokines,and inflammation-related diseases [J]. FASEB J,2015,29(9):3595-3611.

[5] Chen CF,Huang J,Li H,et al. MicroRNA-221 regulates endothelial nitric oxide production and inflammatory response by targeting adiponectin receptor 1 [J]. Gene,2015, 565(2):246-251.

[6] Ni B,Rajaram MV,Lafuse WP,et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis decreases human macrophage IFN-gamma responsiveness through miR-132 and miR-26a [J]. J Immunol,2014,193(9):4537-4547.

[7] Barry SE,Chan B,Ellis M,et al. Identification of miR-93 as a suitable miR for normalizing miRNA in plasma of tuberculosis patients [J]. J Cell Mol Med,2015,19(7):1606-1613.

[8] Lundqvist-Gustafsson H,Norrman S,Nilsson J,et al. Involvement of p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase in Staphylococcus aureus-induced neutrophil apoptosis [J]. J Leukoc Biol,2001,70(4):642-648.

[9] Schlesinger LS. Macrophage phagocytosis of virulent but not attenuated strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is mediated by mannose receptors in addition to complement receptors [J]. J Immunol,1993,150(7):2920-2930.

[10] Torres-Juarez F,Cardenas-Vargas A,Montoya-Rosales A,et al. LL-37 immunomodulatory activity during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in macrophages [J]. Infect Immun,2015,83(12):4495-4503.

[11] Huang S,Robinson JB,Deguzman A,et al. Blockade of nuclear factor-kappaB signaling inhibits angiogenesis and tumorigenicity of human ovarian cancer cells by suppressing expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin 8 [J]. Cancer Res,2000,60(19):5334-5339.

[12] Xu Z,Zhou A,Ni J,et al. Differential expression of miRNAs and their relation to active tuberculosis [J]. Tuberculosis,2015,95(4):395-403.

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