龔嬌 周文營(yíng) 陳洪平 揭育勝
【摘要】目的研究中性粒細(xì)胞與淋巴細(xì)胞比值(NLR)和血小板與淋巴細(xì)胞比值(PLR)在HBV感染患者中的變化,以及其與HBV感染者凝血酶原活動(dòng)度(PTA)的相關(guān)性。方法收集197例HBV感染者,其中慢性乙型病毒性肝炎(CHB)患者154例(CHB組)、肝硬化患者43例(肝硬化組),另選擇94名健康體檢者為健康對(duì)照組,分別檢測(cè)3組研究對(duì)象的外周血血小板、中性粒細(xì)胞、淋巴細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù),計(jì)算NLR、PLR,另外檢測(cè)HBV感染患者的PTA,根據(jù)PTA中位數(shù)分組,觀察PTA對(duì)HBV感染者血小板、中性粒細(xì)胞、淋巴細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)和NLR、PLR的影響,分析NLR、PLR與PTA的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果3組研究對(duì)象的血小板、淋巴細(xì)胞及NLR比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均< 001);與健康對(duì)照組相比,CHB組和肝硬化組患者的血小板、淋巴細(xì)胞下降、NLR升高(P均<005);CHB組和肝硬化組患者的血小板、淋巴細(xì)胞組間比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均<005),2組NLR比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均>005)。3組研究對(duì)象的中性粒細(xì)胞及PLR組間比較差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均>005)。197例HBV感染者的PTA為58(48,85)%,按PTA中位數(shù)分為A組(PTA≤58%)98例和B組(PTA>58%)99例。與A組相比,B組的血小板、中性粒細(xì)胞及NLR較低(P均<001),淋巴細(xì)胞較高(P<005);組間PLR比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>005)。197例HBV感染患者的PTA與NLR呈負(fù)相關(guān)(rs=-0324,P<001),與PLR無(wú)關(guān)(P>005)。結(jié)論NLR與HBV感染患者的肝損傷程度有關(guān)。
【關(guān)鍵詞】乙型病毒性肝炎;凝血酶原活動(dòng)度;血小板與淋巴細(xì)胞比值;中性粒細(xì)胞與淋巴細(xì)胞比值
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo observe the changes of neutrophiltolymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelettolymphocyte ratio (PLR) in patients infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), and analyze their correlation with prothrombin activity (PTA)
MethodsA total of 197 HBVinfected patients including 154 cases with chronic hepatitis B (CHB group) and 43 cases with cirrhosis (cirrhosis group) were recruited in this investigation Ninetyfour healthy subjects receiving physical examination were enrolled in the control group Peripheral platelet, neutrophil and lymph cells were counted in all groups Both NLR and PLR were calculated PTA of the HBVinfected patients was detected All patients were divided into two groups according to the median PTA The effect of PTA upon the platelet, neutrophil, lymph cell count, NLR and PLR was observed The correlation between NLR, PLR and PTA was analyzed
ResultsThe platelet, lymphocyte counts and NLR significantly differed among three groups (all P<001) Compared with the control group, the platelet and lymphocyte count were significantly declined, whereas the NLR was considerably increased in the CHB and cirrhosis groups (all P<005) The platelet and lymphocyte count significantly differed between the CHB and cirrhosis groups (both P<005) No statistical significance was noted in the NLR between two groups (P>005) No statistical significance was observed in the neutrophil count and PLR among three groups (all P>005) The PTA was 58% in 197 HBVinfected patients (range: 4885%) According to the median PTA, all patients were assigned into groups A (PTA ≤58%, n=98) and B (PTA>58%, n=99) Compared with group A, the platelet, neutrophil counts and NLR were significantly lower (all P<001), whereas the lymphocyte count was dramatically higher in group B (P<005) No statistical significance was noted in PLR between groups A and B (P>005) Among 197 HBVinfected patients, PTA was
negatively correlated with NLR (rs=-0324, P<001), whereas it was not associated with PLR (P>005) ConclusionNLR is correlated with the severity of liver injury in HBVinfected patients
【Key words】[ZK(]Hepatitis B; Prothrombin activity; Platelettolymphocyte ratio; Neutrophiltolymphocyte ratio[ZK)]
慢性乙型病毒性肝炎(CHB)為一種常見的傳染病。全球約有20億人曾經(jīng)感染過(guò)HBV,其中35億人為慢性感染者。雖然抗病毒治療在CHB的治療中發(fā)揮重要作用,但每年約100萬(wàn)人死于HBV感染所導(dǎo)致的肝衰竭、肝硬化和肝癌,我國(guó)屬于HBV感染流行區(qū)[1 2]。血小板與淋巴細(xì)胞比值(PLR)、中性粒細(xì)胞與淋巴細(xì)胞比值(NLR)為系統(tǒng)炎癥標(biāo)志物[3]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn), PLR、NLR在多種腫瘤或疾病中升高,且可預(yù)測(cè)患者的預(yù)后[47]。另有報(bào)道,PLR、NLR與肝癌患者的預(yù)后相關(guān)[89]。CHB患者的PLR和NLR可以部分反映血清中HBV DNA和HBeAg的水平[10]。凝血酶原活動(dòng)度(PTA)是判斷肝細(xì)胞壞死的嚴(yán)重程度及預(yù)后的敏感指標(biāo)[11]。在肝臟功能正常時(shí),凝血因子的含量和活動(dòng)度在正常范圍;肝臟發(fā)生炎癥時(shí),PTA可能會(huì)受到影響。但PLR和NLR在CHB患者、肝硬化患者中的變化,以及其與PTA的關(guān)系報(bào)道極少。因此,本研究通過(guò)觀察炎癥標(biāo)志物PLR和NLR在CHB、肝硬化患者中的變化,探討其是否與肝病的嚴(yán)重程度有關(guān),以及CHB患者中PTA與PLR、NLR的相關(guān)性。
對(duì)象與方法
一、研究對(duì)象
選擇2013~2014年在我院感染科住院的197例HBV感染患者,其中CHB患者154例(CHB組)、肝硬化患者43例(肝硬化組),其診斷均符合《2015年CHB防治指南》的相關(guān)診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。另選取同期在我院進(jìn)行健康體檢的94人作為健康對(duì)照組。3組研究對(duì)象的年齡、性別構(gòu)成比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均>005),見表1。排除患心血管疾病、肝癌、脂肪肝、腎病及血液系統(tǒng)疾病者。本研究經(jīng)醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),所有受試者均簽署知情同意書。
二、方法
所有研究對(duì)象在清晨空腹抽取外周靜脈血6 ml,
分別置于依地酸二鈉抗凝管和枸櫞酸鈉抗凝管中混勻待測(cè)。檢測(cè)前均對(duì)儀器進(jìn)行預(yù)溫及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)校正,保證儀器的測(cè)試狀態(tài)良好,且質(zhì)控?cái)?shù)據(jù)均在控制范圍內(nèi)。血小板、中性粒細(xì)胞和淋巴細(xì)胞采用希森美康XE5000型全自動(dòng)血常規(guī)分析儀檢測(cè),分別計(jì)算NLR、PLR值。197例HBV感染者的PTA采用希森美康CA1500凝血分析儀檢測(cè),根據(jù)其PTA中位數(shù)值分為A組和B組,比較組間血小板、淋巴細(xì)胞、中性粒細(xì)胞、PLR和NLR差異。
三、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
采用SPSS 160分析數(shù)據(jù)。由于計(jì)量資料為非正態(tài)分布,故以中位數(shù)(上、下四分位數(shù))表示,組間比較采用秩和檢驗(yàn)。計(jì)數(shù)資料以百分率表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。P<005為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
結(jié)果
一、3組研究對(duì)象的血小板、淋巴細(xì)胞、中性粒細(xì)胞、PLR和NLR比較
3組研究對(duì)象的血小板、淋巴細(xì)胞及NLR比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均< 001);與健康對(duì)照組相比,CHB組和肝硬化組患者的血小板、淋巴細(xì)胞均下降、NLR均升高(P均<005);CHB組和肝硬化組患者的血小板、淋巴細(xì)胞組間比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均<005),2組NLR比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均>005)。3組研究對(duì)象的中性粒細(xì)胞及PLR比較差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均>005),見表2。
二、PTA對(duì)HBV感染者血小板、淋巴細(xì)胞、中性粒細(xì)胞、PLR和NLR的影響
197例HBV感染者的PTA為58(48,85)%,按PTA中位數(shù)分為A組(PTA≤58%)98例和B組(PTA>58%)99例。與A組相比,B組的血小板、中性粒細(xì)胞及NLR較低(P均<001),淋巴細(xì)胞較高(P<005);組間PLR比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>005)。
三、HBV感染患者的PTA與NLR、PLR相關(guān)性分析
Spearman秩相關(guān)分析顯示,197例HBV感染患者的PTA與NLR呈負(fù)相關(guān)(rs=-0324,P<001),與PLR無(wú)關(guān)(P>005)。
討論
凝血酶原是血液凝固因子之一,也是由肝臟合成的其中一個(gè)維生素K依賴因子。PTA是判斷肝細(xì)胞壞死的嚴(yán)重程度及預(yù)后的敏感指標(biāo)。在肝臟功能正常時(shí),凝血因子的含量和活動(dòng)度在正常范圍,而HBV感染患者因?yàn)楦渭?xì)胞損傷因素和損傷程度的不同,可能引起PTA以及炎癥指標(biāo)的變化,但其在反映肝細(xì)胞損傷的靈敏程度上并不相同。
研究發(fā)現(xiàn),HBV感染患者外周血中存在中性粒細(xì)胞、淋巴細(xì)胞及血小板在內(nèi)的比例失衡。中性粒細(xì)胞在血液的非特異性細(xì)胞免疫系統(tǒng)中發(fā)揮重要作用,是血液中含量最多、具有吞噬功能的細(xì)胞。炎癥反應(yīng)釋放的細(xì)胞因子、自由基等介質(zhì)會(huì)導(dǎo)致肝細(xì)胞損傷。淋巴細(xì)胞屬于適應(yīng)性免疫細(xì)胞,具有免疫和防御功能。血小板則可以促進(jìn)白細(xì)胞及內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞分析趨化因子,促進(jìn)中性粒細(xì)胞的活化。
NLR和PLR僅需全血細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)儀便可輕易獲得,是機(jī)體系統(tǒng)炎癥的新標(biāo)志物。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),NLR與多種腫瘤如肝癌、結(jié)腸癌、惡性間皮瘤等的預(yù)后相關(guān)[810]。另外,CHB患者的NLR不僅可以部分反映血清中HBV DNA和HBeAg的水平,且可以預(yù)測(cè)肝衰竭患者的預(yù)后[12]。本研究顯示,CHB組和肝硬化組的NLR均高于健康對(duì)照組,且HBV感染患者的NLR與PTA有關(guān),可能可以為肝病患者肝臟的損傷程度提供新的參考。
PLR也可以反映血清中HBV DNA和HBeAg的水平,但本研究中,CHB和肝硬化患者的PLR略低于健康對(duì)照組,但差異不明顯,且其與PTA的相關(guān)性也不強(qiáng),這可能是由于HBV感染者的血小板和淋巴細(xì)胞均有不同程度的降低。
綜上所述,NLR有助提示CHB患者的肝損傷程度,但結(jié)果仍有待進(jìn)一步多中心、更大樣本量的研究結(jié)果證實(shí)。
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(收稿日期:20171219)
(本文編輯:林燕薇)