李莉 呂艷 翟翔雋 王冰 王建波
【摘要】 目的:探討右美托咪定對(duì)穴位電刺激產(chǎn)婦分娩鎮(zhèn)痛效果的影響。方法:100例產(chǎn)婦隨機(jī)分為右美托咪定聯(lián)合穴位刺激組(A組)和穴位刺激組(B組)。A組臨產(chǎn)后靜脈輸注右美托咪定,同時(shí)經(jīng)皮神經(jīng)電刺激合谷、三陰交和足三里穴直至胎兒娩出;B組僅經(jīng)皮神經(jīng)電刺激合谷、三陰交和足三里穴。記錄兩組產(chǎn)婦不同時(shí)點(diǎn)VAS和Ramsay評(píng)分、產(chǎn)程時(shí)間、產(chǎn)后出血量及新生兒Apgar評(píng)分,并于臨產(chǎn)后(T0)和宮口開全時(shí)(T1)取靜脈血測(cè)β-內(nèi)啡肽(β-EP)、皮質(zhì)醇(Cor)及促腎上腺素皮質(zhì)激素(ACTH)濃度。結(jié)果:A組各時(shí)點(diǎn)VAS評(píng)分均明顯低于B組,Ramsay評(píng)分明顯高于B組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01);A組第二產(chǎn)程時(shí)間短于B組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01);兩組產(chǎn)婦T0時(shí)血β-EP、Cor及ACTH濃度比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。與T0時(shí)比較,兩組產(chǎn)婦T1時(shí)血β-EP、Cor及ACTH濃度均明顯升高,A組產(chǎn)婦T1時(shí)β-EP濃度高于B組,Cor和ACTH濃度低于B組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。結(jié)論:右美托咪定可提高穴位電刺激產(chǎn)婦的分娩鎮(zhèn)痛效果,縮短第二產(chǎn)程,其機(jī)制可能與β-EP含量增加及減輕應(yīng)激反應(yīng)有關(guān)。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 右美托咪定; 經(jīng)皮神經(jīng)電刺激; 分娩鎮(zhèn)痛
doi:10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2018.4.001 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A 文章編號(hào) 1674-6805(2018)04-0001-03
Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Labor Analgesia in the Matermal with Transcutaneous Point Electric Stimulation/LI Li,LYU Yan,ZHAI Xiangjun,et al.//Chinese and Foreign Medical Research,2018,16(4):1-3
【Abstract】 Objective:To investigate the effect of Dexmedetomidine on labor analgesia for the matermal with transcutaneous point electric stimulation.Method:A total of 100 cases were randomly divided into two groups:Dexmedetomidine combined with TENS(Group A) and TENS only(Group B).Intravenous Dexmedetomidine combined with TENS to Hegu, Sanyinjiao, Zusanli points were given in Group A until the fetus was delivered,and TENS to Hegu,Sanyinjiao,Zusanli points only in Group B. VAS/Ramsay scores at different time,Labor time,Volume of postpartum hemorrhage and Apgar score were recorded.Blood samples were taken from both groups at the time of labor(T0) and complete cervical dilationu(T1) to test the concentrations of β-endorphin,cortisol and ACTH.Result:The VAS scores of group A at each time were significantly lower than those of group B and the Ramsay scores of group A were significantly higher than those of group B(P<0.01).The second stage of labor in group A was shorter than that in group B (P<0.01).There was no significant difference in the volume of postpartum hemorrhage and Apgar score between two groups(P> 0.05).Compared with T0,the concentrations of blood β-endorphin,cortisol and ACTH in both groups significantly increased at T1(P<0.01).The concentration of β-endorphin at T1 was significantly higher in group A than that in group B (P <0.01). Cortisol and ACTH concentrations were lower than those in group B (P<0.01).Conclusion:Dexmedetomidine can improve the effect of labor pain on maternals with TENS and shorten the second stage of labor.The mechanism may be associated with the increase of β-EP levels and the reduction of stress responses.
【Key words】 Dexmedetomidine; Electrical nerve stimulation; Labor analgesia
First-authors address:Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology & Obstetrics,Tianjin 300100,China
針刺鎮(zhèn)痛歷史悠久,效果顯著。目前電針刺已廣泛用于分娩鎮(zhèn)痛,其中經(jīng)皮神經(jīng)電刺激(Transcuataneous electrical nerve stimulation,TENS)具有安全、有效和無創(chuàng)的優(yōu)勢(shì)[1-2],但其存在著活躍期鎮(zhèn)痛不足的缺點(diǎn)。右美托咪啶是一種高選擇性α2 腎上腺素能受體激動(dòng)藥,具有鎮(zhèn)靜、鎮(zhèn)痛、抑制交感神經(jīng)及加快產(chǎn)程等優(yōu)點(diǎn)[3]。本研究將右美托咪定聯(lián)合穴位電刺激用于分娩鎮(zhèn)痛,探討其臨床效果及作用機(jī)制,以期為臨床應(yīng)用提供依據(jù)。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
本研究已獲醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),并與患者簽署知情同意書。選取筆者所在醫(yī)院產(chǎn)科2017年1-6月收治的經(jīng)陰道分娩產(chǎn)婦100例,隨機(jī)分為兩組(n=50):右美托咪定聯(lián)合穴位刺激組(A組)和穴位刺激組(B組)。診斷均符合第8版《婦產(chǎn)科學(xué)》中的診斷及分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[4]。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):足月妊娠、單胎頭位,年齡22~35歲,體重指數(shù)25~36 kg/m2,孕38~41周。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):頭盆不稱、產(chǎn)道異常、具有產(chǎn)科和內(nèi)科合并癥。兩組產(chǎn)婦一般資料比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 方法
產(chǎn)婦進(jìn)入產(chǎn)房后開放上肢靜脈通道,以3~5 ml/(kg·h)速率輸注乳酸鈉林格液。以JPD-600母胎監(jiān)測(cè)儀(京柏,深圳)監(jiān)測(cè)BP、ECG、SpO2及胎心。A組產(chǎn)婦臨產(chǎn)后10 min內(nèi)靜脈泵入右美托咪定(江蘇恒瑞醫(yī)藥股份有限公司,批號(hào):H20130093)1 μg/kg,然后恒速泵注右美托咪定0.4 μg/(kg·h),同時(shí)給予TENS,主穴選擇雙側(cè)合谷穴和三陰交穴,配穴選擇足三里穴,取穴根據(jù)《中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)經(jīng)穴部位(GBl2346-90)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》。采用華佗牌SDZ-II型電子針療儀(蘇州醫(yī)療用品有限公司),選擇頻率為2 Hz/100 Hz疏密波刺激,電流強(qiáng)度從15 mA開始,增至引起明顯的震顫感且產(chǎn)婦可耐受為宜,直至第一產(chǎn)程結(jié)束。B組產(chǎn)婦臨產(chǎn)后僅給予TENS鎮(zhèn)痛,主、配穴選擇與A組相同。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
記錄兩組產(chǎn)婦鎮(zhèn)痛前(M0)、鎮(zhèn)痛后15 min(M1)、鎮(zhèn)痛后30 min(M2)、宮口開全(M3)及胎兒娩出后(M4)VAS和Ramsay評(píng)分,產(chǎn)程時(shí)間、產(chǎn)后出血量和新生兒Apgar評(píng)分,并于臨產(chǎn)后(T0)和宮口開全時(shí)(T1)取靜脈血測(cè)β-內(nèi)啡肽(β-EP)、皮質(zhì)醇(Cor)及促腎上腺素皮質(zhì)激素(ACTH)濃度。VAS得分越高,患者疼痛程度越嚴(yán)重。Ramsay得分越高,說明患者鎮(zhèn)靜程度越深。β-EP濃度越高,鎮(zhèn)痛作用越強(qiáng)。Cor、ACTH濃度越高,機(jī)體應(yīng)激反應(yīng)越重。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
采用SPSS 16.0軟件對(duì)所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料以(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,采用字2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組VAS及Ramsay評(píng)分比較
兩組產(chǎn)婦在鎮(zhèn)痛前(M0)VAS及Ramsay評(píng)分比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。A組產(chǎn)婦在鎮(zhèn)痛后各時(shí)點(diǎn)VAS評(píng)分均低于B組,Ramsay評(píng)分均高于B組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),見表2、表3。
3 討論
合谷穴為手陽明大腸經(jīng)原穴,具有行氣活血、鎮(zhèn)靜止痛、雙向調(diào)節(jié)子宮平滑肌的功效,刺激雙側(cè)合谷穴可激活血漿β-EP而產(chǎn)生鎮(zhèn)痛作用[4]。三陰交穴為肝經(jīng)、腎經(jīng)、脾經(jīng)交會(huì)穴,具有補(bǔ)氣行血、補(bǔ)益肝腎、調(diào)經(jīng)止帶的功效,針刺三陰交穴可興奮盆腔神經(jīng)叢,引起子宮收縮。本研究選取的“合谷-三陰交”為經(jīng)典的“下胎對(duì)穴”,通過刺激兩穴可以達(dá)到協(xié)調(diào)宮縮和減輕分娩疼痛的效果[5]。刺激足三里穴對(duì)垂體-腎上腺髓質(zhì)系統(tǒng)有雙向良性調(diào)節(jié)作用,將其作為分娩鎮(zhèn)痛的配穴,可充分發(fā)揮抑制應(yīng)激反應(yīng)的功效,從而維持循環(huán)功能的穩(wěn)定[6]。
右美托咪定屬于咪唑類衍生物,通過作用于腦內(nèi)藍(lán)斑受體和刺激神經(jīng)細(xì)胞釋放膽堿樣物質(zhì)來發(fā)揮鎮(zhèn)靜、鎮(zhèn)痛作用,在減輕應(yīng)激反應(yīng)的同時(shí),不產(chǎn)生呼吸抑制[7]。Palanisamy等[8]對(duì)硬膜外分娩鎮(zhèn)痛效果欠佳的產(chǎn)婦使用右美托咪定,發(fā)現(xiàn)可使產(chǎn)婦達(dá)到滿意的鎮(zhèn)痛效果,且無明顯母嬰呼吸抑制。本研究結(jié)果顯示,兩種分娩鎮(zhèn)痛方式都能為產(chǎn)婦提供有效的鎮(zhèn)靜、鎮(zhèn)痛效果,但右美托咪定聯(lián)合穴位刺激效果更好,表明右美托咪定能明顯增加穴位電刺激產(chǎn)婦的鎮(zhèn)靜、鎮(zhèn)痛效果,從而彌補(bǔ)單獨(dú)穴位刺激在產(chǎn)程活躍期鎮(zhèn)痛不全的缺點(diǎn)。
Cor和ACTH是機(jī)體應(yīng)激反應(yīng)中的靈敏指標(biāo)[9],劇烈的產(chǎn)痛可興奮下丘腦-垂體-腎上腺髓質(zhì)系統(tǒng),使血中Cor、ACTH的濃度迅速升高[10]。本研究顯示,兩組產(chǎn)婦在宮口開全時(shí)血Cor和ACTH濃度均明顯升高,但右美托咪定聯(lián)合穴位刺激組較單獨(dú)穴位刺激組明顯降低,提示右美托咪定的鎮(zhèn)靜、鎮(zhèn)痛作用可減輕產(chǎn)婦的應(yīng)激反應(yīng),從而為產(chǎn)婦在胎兒娩出前儲(chǔ)備充足的能量[11]。
本研究中右美托咪定對(duì)產(chǎn)后出血量和新生兒Apgar評(píng)分無明顯影響,但可明顯縮短第二產(chǎn)程,其原因可能為右美托咪定能增強(qiáng)子宮肌層收縮的頻率強(qiáng)度,從而加快產(chǎn)程的進(jìn)展[12-13]。
綜上所述,右美托咪定可明顯提高穴位電刺激產(chǎn)婦的分娩鎮(zhèn)痛效果,縮短第二產(chǎn)程,其機(jī)制可能與β-EP含量增加及減輕應(yīng)激反應(yīng)有關(guān)。
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(收稿日期:2017-12-27)