常 歡, 高小芳, 張亞璞, 陳 航, 郭 莉, 李建東
(1.河北大學(xué), 河北 保定 071000; 2.河北大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院 腎內(nèi)科, 河北 保定 071000)
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血清甲狀旁腺激素水平與3~5期慢性腎臟病患者左室肥厚的相關(guān)性
常 歡1, 高小芳1, 張亞璞1, 陳 航2*, 郭 莉2, 李建東2
(1.河北大學(xué), 河北 保定 071000; 2.河北大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院 腎內(nèi)科, 河北 保定 071000)
目的: 探討血清全段甲狀旁腺激素(iPTH)水平與3~5期慢性腎臟病(CKD)患者左室肥厚(LVH)的相關(guān)性。方法: 將60例首診未行血液透析的患者按CKD的3、4、5期分為A、B、C組,超聲心動(dòng)圖測(cè)量其射血分?jǐn)?shù)(EF)、左室舒張末期內(nèi)徑(LVDd)、左室收縮末期內(nèi)徑(LVDs)、室間隔厚度(IVST)及左室后壁厚度(LVPTW),計(jì)算左室心肌重量指數(shù)(LVMI);患者入院時(shí)抽取空腹靜脈血,采用全自動(dòng)生化分析儀測(cè)定血清肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)及鈣(Ca2+)、磷(P)濃度,采用血細(xì)胞分析儀測(cè)定血紅蛋白(HGB)、紅細(xì)胞比容(HCT),采用電化學(xué)發(fā)光分析法測(cè)定血清iPTH水平;采用Spearman對(duì)血液學(xué)指標(biāo)與LVMI、血清 iPTH與心功能指標(biāo)的相關(guān)進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果: 3組CDK患者Scr、BUN、血清P、iPTH、LVDd、LVDs、IVST、LVPTW及LVMI隨CDK分期的增加而升高,血清Ca2+、HGB、HCT及EF隨CDK分期的增加而降低,Scr、BUN、iPTH、LVDd 、LVMI及EF在3組間兩兩比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),血清P、血清Ca2+、HGB、HCT、LVDs、LVPTW及IVST在3~4期CKD組與CKD5期組比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);Spearman結(jié)果顯示,患者血清Scr、BUN及P與LVMI呈正相關(guān)(r=0.638、0.600、0.499,P<0.01),HGB與LVMI和HCT呈負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.583、-0.598,P<0.01),血清Ca與LVMI無(wú)相關(guān)性(r=-0.347,P>0.01);血清iPTH水平與LVDd、LVDs及LVMI呈正相關(guān)(r=0.642、0.548、0.577,P<0.01),與IVST、LVPTW無(wú)相關(guān)性(r=0.014、0.052,P均>0.01),與EF呈負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.604,P<0.01)。結(jié)論: 3~5期CKD患者都可能發(fā)生左室肥厚,iPTH水平可能是影響左室結(jié)構(gòu)的重要因素。
慢性腎臟?。?甲狀旁腺激素; 左室肥厚; 心肌重量指數(shù); 繼發(fā)性甲狀旁腺功能亢進(jìn)
近年來(lái)慢性腎臟病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)的患病率有明顯上升趨勢(shì),目前我國(guó)CKD的患病率為10.8%[1]。心血管病變是CKD患者常見(jiàn)的并發(fā)癥和主要死因,尤其進(jìn)入終末期腎臟病階段,患者心血管事件及動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化性心血管病的發(fā)生比普通人群升高15~20倍,死亡率也增高,占尿毒癥死因的45%~60%[1-2]。繼發(fā)性甲狀旁腺功能亢進(jìn)患者血清全段甲狀旁腺激素(iPTH)水平的升高可導(dǎo)致患者骨骼的嚴(yán)重?fù)p害,同時(shí)出現(xiàn)不同程度的皮膚瘙癢、軟組織異位鈣化、周圍神經(jīng)病變及肌肉萎縮[3-4]。本研究通過(guò)測(cè)定3~5期CKD患者射血分?jǐn)?shù)(EF)、左室舒張末期內(nèi)徑(LVDd)、左室收縮末期內(nèi)徑(LVDs)、室間隔厚度(IVST)、左室后壁厚度(LVPTW),計(jì)算左室心肌重量指數(shù)(LVMI),同時(shí)測(cè)定血清肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)及鈣(Ca2+)、磷(P)及iPTH水平和血紅蛋白(HGB)、紅細(xì)胞比容(HCT),分析血清iPTH水平與左室肥厚指標(biāo)的相關(guān)性,報(bào)道如下。
1.1 一般資料
選取2015年1月~2016年10月住院治療的3~5期CKD期患者各20例,所有對(duì)象均為CKD首診,未行血液透析治療,男31例,女29例,24~79歲,平均(50.61±13.10)歲;慢性腎小球腎炎38例,糖尿病腎病15例,多囊腎2例,狼瘡性腎炎2例,乙肝相關(guān)性腎損害1例,原因不明2例。排除急、慢性心血管、先天性心臟病、主動(dòng)脈瓣狹窄患者,排除惡性高血壓難以控制患者,排除慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者及其他異常物質(zhì)沉積和遺傳代謝性疾病引起的心肌肥厚患者。根據(jù)美國(guó)腎臟基金會(huì)制定的指南[1,5]將患者分為CKD3期組、CKD4期組及CKD5期組,分期以腎小球?yàn)V過(guò)率(GRF)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),CKD 3期GRF 30~59 mL/(min·1.73 m2), CKD4期GRF 15~29 mL/(min·1.73 m2),CKD 5期GRF<15 mL/(min·1.73 m2)為。3組CDK患者性別比、年齡、收縮壓、舒張壓、身高、體重等基礎(chǔ)資料比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。見(jiàn)表1。
表1 3組CDK患者性別比、年齡、收縮壓、 舒張壓、身高、體重比較Tab.1 Comparison of sex ratio, age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, height and weight between the 3 groups of CDK patients
1.2 方法
1.2.1 心功能指標(biāo)測(cè)定及LVM計(jì)算 采用西門子S2000彩色多普勒超聲診斷儀行超聲心動(dòng)圖檢查,探頭頻率為2~4 MHz,測(cè)定患者EF、LVDd、LVDs、IVST及LVPTW,計(jì)算左室心肌重量指數(shù)(LVMI)[6-7]。LVMI=左室心肌重量(LVM)/體表面積(BSA),LVM=1.04×[(LVDd﹢IVST﹢LVPTW)3-LVDd3]-13.6,BSA=0.006 1×身高(cm)﹢0.012 8×體重(kg)-0.152 9;男性LVMI>125 g/m2,女性LVMI>110 g/m2診斷為左室肥厚。
1.2.2 血液學(xué)指標(biāo) 3組患者均于入院時(shí)抽取清晨空腹靜脈血測(cè)定血清Scr、BUN、Ca2+、P及iPTH水平和全血HGB及HCT采用西斯美康全自動(dòng)生化分析儀測(cè)定血清Scr、BUN、Ca2+、P含量,貝克曼血細(xì)胞分析儀測(cè)定全血的HGB及HCT,電化學(xué)發(fā)光分析法測(cè)定血清iPTH水平。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
2.1 Scr、BUN、Ca2+、P及iPTH、HGB及HCT水平
3組CDK患者Scr、BUN、P及iPTH水平隨CDK分期的增加而升高,Scr、BUN、及iPTH水平在3組患者間兩兩比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),CKD3期組、CKD4期組患者的血清P水平低于CKD5期,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05); Ca2+、HGB及HCT水平隨CDK分期的增加而降低,僅在3~4期CKD組與CKD5期組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。
2.2 EF、LVDd、LVDs、IVST、LVPTW及LVMI
3組CDK患者EF隨CDK分期的增加而降低,兩兩比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);LVDd、LVDs、IVST及LVPTW及LVMI隨CDK分期的增加而升高,僅LVDd 及LVMI在3組間兩兩比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),CKD3期組、CKD4期組的LVDs、LVPTW及IVS與CKD5期比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表3。
表2 3組CKD患者Scr、BUN、Ca2+、P及iPTH、 HGB及HCT水平Tab.2 Scr, BUN, Ca2+, P, HGB, HCT and iPTH levels in 3 groups of patients with CKD
(1)與CKD3期組比較,P<0.05;(2)與CKD4期組比較,P<0.05
表3 3組CKD患者EF、LVDd、LVDs、IVST、 LVPTW及LVMI比較Tab.3 Comparison of EF, LVDd, LVDs, IVST, LVPTW and LVMI in 3 groups of patients with CKD
(1)與CKD3期組比較,P<0.05;(2)與CKD4期組比較,P<0.05
2.3Spearman相關(guān)分析
Spearman分析結(jié)果顯示,患者血清Scr、BUN及P與LVMI呈正相關(guān)(r=0.638、0.600、0.499,P<0.01),HGB與LVMI和HCT呈負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.583、-0.598,P<0.01),血清Ca2+與LVMI無(wú)相關(guān)性(r=-0.347,P>0.01)。血清iPTH水平與LVDd、LVDs及LVMI呈正相關(guān)(r=0.642、0.548、0.577,P<0.01),與IVST、LVPTW無(wú)相關(guān)性(r=0.014、0.052,P>0.01),與EF呈負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.604,P<0.01)。
心血管疾病(CVD)是影響CKD患者預(yù)后的主要因素[1]。根據(jù)歐美國(guó)家文獻(xiàn)統(tǒng)計(jì),終末期腎臟病和接受腎移植患者的CVD死亡率占其總死亡率的40%~45%[8-9]。在我國(guó)也是致死的首要原因[10]。CKD患者高血壓、小動(dòng)脈硬化及主動(dòng)脈硬化、細(xì)胞外液容量增加、貧血等均可增加患者左心室壓力負(fù)荷這些因素長(zhǎng)期相互作用,可使左心室心肌細(xì)胞發(fā)生肥大,臨床上主要表現(xiàn)為左室肥厚(LVH)[2,11]。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)PTH通過(guò)甲狀旁腺素相關(guān)蛋白受體作用于心肌細(xì)胞而導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞內(nèi)Ca離子濃度升高,激活蛋白激酶C,引起代謝異常及心肌肥大[12]。也有學(xué)者發(fā)現(xiàn)PTH可引起血管緊張素Ⅱ升高,誘導(dǎo)多種原癌基因在心肌細(xì)胞高表達(dá),進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致心肌細(xì)胞與間質(zhì)細(xì)胞肥大、增生及纖維化[13]。
CKD早期患者CVD的發(fā)生率呈逐漸升高趨勢(shì)[14]。本文研究發(fā)現(xiàn),15%的CKD3期患者出現(xiàn)LVH,到CKD5期明顯增多,LVH患者高達(dá)85%,與上述文獻(xiàn)相符。本研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)所有CKD患者EF呈下降趨勢(shì),但CKD5期患者表現(xiàn)較為顯著,CKD3-4期下降趨勢(shì)不明顯;隨著CKD的進(jìn)展,HGB、HCT逐漸降低、血P水平逐漸升高,CKD5期患者出現(xiàn)顯著的貧血及高磷血癥,CKD3期與CKD4期之間雖有變化,但差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,可能與本文研究樣本量小、單中心等有關(guān)。現(xiàn)已證實(shí),貧血、細(xì)胞外液容量增加、透析方式、蛋白尿、炎癥與營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良、氧化應(yīng)激、高同型半胱氨酸血癥、鈣磷代謝紊亂及促凝血因子等是引起CVD的非傳統(tǒng)危險(xiǎn)因素[2]。本研究的結(jié)果還顯示,Scr、BUN、P與LVMI呈正相關(guān),HGB、HCT與LVMI呈負(fù)相關(guān)。與上述觀點(diǎn)相符。同時(shí),本研究iPTH與LVDd、LVDs、LVMI呈正相關(guān),與EF呈負(fù)相關(guān),提示iPTH可能是左室肥厚相關(guān)危險(xiǎn)因素之一。
綜上,CKD患者在CKD3期即可出現(xiàn)左室肥厚,iPTH水平與左室肥厚密切相關(guān),是影響左室結(jié)構(gòu)的重要因素之一,臨床工作中應(yīng)重視CKD早期非透析患者心臟指標(biāo)的檢測(cè),積極尋找導(dǎo)致LVH的原因,同時(shí)檢測(cè)iPTH水平,根據(jù)iPTH水平進(jìn)行早期干預(yù),積極調(diào)節(jié)鈣磷代謝、糾正代謝性酸中毒及貧血等,避免繼發(fā)性甲狀旁腺功能亢進(jìn)癥(SHPT)的發(fā)生,預(yù)防CKD患者心血管并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生,降低死亡率。
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(2016-11-01收稿,2016-12-03修回)
中文編輯: 吳昌學(xué); 英文編輯: 劉 華
Correlation between Serum Parathyroid Hormone and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Patients with Stage 3~5 Chronic Kidney Disease
CHANG Huan1, GAO Xiaofang1, ZHANG Yapu1, CHEN Hang2, GUO Li2, LI Jiandong2
(1.HebeiUniversity,Baoding071000,Hebei,China; 2.DepartmentofNephrology,theAffiliatedHospitalofHebeiUniversity,Baoding071000,Hebei,China)
Objective: To investigate the correlation between serum parathyroid hormone and left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 3~5. Methods: 60 cases of patients with CKD who didn't undergo hemodialysis in first diagnosis were divided into A, B, and C group according to pathological stage 3, 4 and 5, respectively. Echocardiography was used to measure ejection fraction (EF), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVDd), left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVDs), interventricular septal thickness (IVST) and left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPTW), and the left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was calculated. Patients' fasting venous blood was collected in admission to hospital. The automatic biochemical analyzer was adopted to detect serum creatinine(Scr), urea nitrogen (BUN), calcium (Ca2+) concentration and phosphorus(P) concentration. The blood cell analyzer was adopted to detect hemoglobin(HGB), hematocrit (HCT) and optical analysis of electrochemistry was adopted to detect serum iPTH level. Spearman was used to analyze the correlation between hematological parameters and LVMI, serum iPTH and cardiac function indexes. Results: The Scr, BUN, serum P, iPTH, LVDd, LVDs, IVST, LVPTW and LVMI increased with CDK staging increased while serum calcium (Ca2+) HGB, HCT and EF decreased with CDK staging increased in the three groups. There were statistically significant differences in Scr, BUN, iPTH, LVDd, LVMI and EF between the three groups (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in serum P, serum Ca2+, HGB, HCT, LVDS, LVPTW and IVST between and CKD 3~4 stage and CKD stage 5 (P<0.05). Spearman results showed that Scr, BUN and P were positively correlated with LVMI (r=0.638, 0.600, 0.499,P<0.01), HGB was negatively correlated with LVMI and HCT (r=-0.583,-0.598,P<0.01), and there was no correlation between serum Ca2+and LVMI (r=-0.347,P>0.01). Serum iPTH levels were positively correlated with LVMI, LVDd and LVDs (r=0.642, 0.548, 0.577,P<0.01), not correlated with IVST, LVPTW (r=0.014, 0.052,P>0.01), and negatively correlated with EF(r=-0.604 ,P<0.01). Conclusion: Left ventricular hypertrophy may occur in patients with CKD stage 3~5, and the iPTH level may be an important factor affecting the left ventricular structure.
chronic kidney disease; parathyroid hormone; left ventricular hypertrophy; cardiac ponderal index; secondary hyperparathyroidism
時(shí)間:2016-12-15
http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/52.1164.R.20161215.1534.023.html
R692.5
A
1000-2707(2016)12-1478-04
10.19367/j.cnki.1000-2707.2016.12.026
*通信作者 E-mail:chenhang65@sina.com
貴州醫(yī)科大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)2016年12期