蘇光建,肖振州,肖燕萍,彭 偉,陳 燕
(福建醫(yī)科大學(xué)福建省腫瘤醫(yī)院教學(xué)醫(yī)院檢驗(yàn)科,福建福州350014)
血清miR-223的表達(dá)及聯(lián)合CEA、CYFRA21-1對(duì)非小細(xì)胞肺癌的診斷價(jià)值
蘇光建,肖振州,肖燕萍,彭 偉,陳 燕
(福建醫(yī)科大學(xué)福建省腫瘤醫(yī)院教學(xué)醫(yī)院檢驗(yàn)科,福建福州350014)
目的 探討血清miR-223的表達(dá)及其聯(lián)合血清腫瘤標(biāo)志物癌胚抗原(CEA)、細(xì)胞角蛋白19片段(CYFRA21-1)對(duì)非小細(xì)胞肺癌的診斷價(jià)值。方法 收集57例非小細(xì)胞肺癌患者、30例肺部良性疾病患者和30例正常人血清,提取總RNA后采用RT-PCR方法檢測(cè)miR-223,同時(shí)對(duì)CEA、CYFRA21-1進(jìn)行檢測(cè),分析血清miR-223相對(duì)表達(dá)量及其與NSCLC臨床病理特征的關(guān)系,評(píng)估血清miR-223聯(lián)合CEA、CYFRA21-1對(duì)NSCLC的診斷效能。結(jié)果 NSCLC組血清miR-223表達(dá)水平顯著高于健康組和肺部良性病變組,差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(二者的P均<0.001),其相對(duì)表達(dá)量與患者年齡、性別、病理類型、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移及CEA、CYFRA21-1的表達(dá)無關(guān)(P>0.05),和臨床分期有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)相關(guān)(P<0.05)。NSCLC患者miR-223、CEA、CYFRA21-1的ROC曲線下面積分別為0.891(95%CI:0.834~0.946)、0.724(95%CI:0.632~0.816)、0.737(95%CI:0.647~0.827)。當(dāng)miR-223取0.58為其cut off值時(shí),在以健康人為對(duì)照組和以肺部良性病變?yōu)閷?duì)照組的敏感性、特異性分別為71.9%、86.7%;63.2%、83.3%,其聯(lián)合CEA、CYFRA21-1后在上述兩組中的敏感性、特異性分別為80. 7%、85.4%;78.9%、83.3%。結(jié)論 miR-223在NSCLC患者血清中高表達(dá),提示其可作為NSCLC患者早期診斷的潛在標(biāo)志物之一;并且聯(lián)合CEA、CYFRA21-1可提高NSCLC的診斷效能。
miR-223; CEA; CYFRA21-1; NSCLC; 早期診斷; 診斷效能
肺癌是目前全球最常見的惡性腫瘤之一[1-2]。多數(shù)患者發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)已是中晚期,失去早期治療的機(jī)會(huì),缺乏有效的早期診斷方法是其死亡率上升的主要原因[3]。非小細(xì)胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)是最常見的肺癌類型,占肺癌的80%左右[4]。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),非小細(xì)胞肺癌總的5年生存率僅為15%,但早期 NSCLC 5年生存率高達(dá)80%[5]。2011版《原發(fā)性肺癌診療規(guī)范》中指出目前尚無特異性肺癌標(biāo)志物應(yīng)用于臨床診斷,一些血清/血漿腫瘤標(biāo)志物如CYFRA21-1,CEA,NSE,TPS,CA125,CA19-9等[6],其敏感度和特異性難以滿足臨床需要,因此尋找一種可以早期診斷非小細(xì)胞肺癌且敏感性和特異性高的腫瘤標(biāo)志物尤為重要。miRNA是一類長(zhǎng)度在19~24個(gè)核苷酸(nt)左右的內(nèi)源性非編碼小分子單鏈RNA,研究表明與多種癌癥相關(guān),在腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展中起著重要作用,可作為診斷腫瘤的標(biāo)志物[7-8]。Chen等[9]采用Solexa測(cè)序方法對(duì)健康人血清和NSCLC患者血清中的小分子RNA進(jìn)行測(cè)序分析,結(jié)果顯示NSCLC患者血清中存在63種正常人血清中沒有的miRNA分子,并且通過實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR證實(shí)血清miRNA-223是 NSCLC特異性 miRNA。但血清miR-223在NSCLC早期診斷中的應(yīng)用價(jià)值、與NSCLC腫瘤負(fù)荷、臨床分期、組織分化程度的關(guān)系及其與CEA、CYFRA21-1比較對(duì)NSCLC診斷效能的差異等方面的研究尚不明確。因此,本研究擬探討血清miR-223及其聯(lián)合 CEA、CYFRA21-1對(duì)非小細(xì)胞肺癌的診斷價(jià)值。
1 標(biāo)本來源
1.1 非小細(xì)胞肺癌組 收集2013年8月至2015年4月福建省腫瘤醫(yī)院初診并經(jīng)病理確診的病例57例,男35例,女22例,年齡38~81歲,平均60.6±8.5歲;病理類型:腺癌29例,鱗癌26例,大細(xì)胞癌2例。
1.2健康組 選取同院同期健康體檢者30例,年齡42~81歲,平均62.1±8.5歲。
1.3肺部良性病變組 選取外院同期患有肺部良性病變者30例;年齡39~80歲,平均62.3±9.2歲,其中肺炎15例、肺結(jié)核8例、肺囊腫3例、肺纖維化3例、支氣管擴(kuò)張1例。使用BD促凝管采集研究對(duì)象靜脈血4mL,4℃,3000r/min離心10min,吸取上清液,一份置無RNA酶/DNA酶的EP管中-80℃保存?zhèn)溆?,一份及時(shí)檢測(cè)CEA和CYFRA21-1(參考區(qū)間分別為0~5ng/mL、0~3.3ng/mL)。
2 試劑和檢測(cè)儀器
CEA和CYFRA21-1均采用電化學(xué)發(fā)光法,使用儀器為德國羅氏Cobas 601,試劑為羅氏配套試劑盒;miR-223標(biāo)本保存為美國Thermo-80℃冰箱,臺(tái)式冷凍高速離心機(jī)購自珠海黑馬醫(yī)學(xué)儀器有限公司,恒溫水浴箱為HH-W420數(shù)顯三用恒溫水箱,高壓滅菌鍋為廣洲市華奧行儀器有限公司產(chǎn)品,PCR儀為美國ABI 7500PCR分析儀。
3 miR-223的檢測(cè)
總RNA提?。喊丛噭┖衜iRNeasy Serum/Plasma Kit和miRNeasySerum/PlasmaSpike-InControl(Qiagen,USA)說明書操作;cDNA合成:采用逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒(miScript II RT Kit,USA,Qiagen);miR-223表達(dá)檢測(cè):引物為天根hsa-mir-223-5p(貨號(hào):MIMAT0004570),按miScript SYBR Green PCR kit試劑盒說明,95℃預(yù)變性15min,94℃15s、60℃34s、70℃40s共40個(gè)循環(huán),進(jìn)行 qRT-PCR定量分析,所有樣品3復(fù)孔分析,循環(huán)數(shù)取其均數(shù)。根據(jù)Qiagen試劑盒說明書,將cel-miR-39加入到血清總RNA提取過程中,逆轉(zhuǎn)錄總RNA(含cel-miR-39)成cDNA,并用cel-miR-39引物和miR-223引物同時(shí)對(duì)cDNA進(jìn)行PCR檢測(cè),分析PCR得出的cel-miR-39分子的Ct值,將超出平均Ct值2個(gè)或2個(gè)以上單位的樣本剔除,對(duì)剩余樣本進(jìn)行miR-223統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。miR-223的相對(duì)表達(dá)量用2-△△Ct表示,△△Ct=(Ct目的基因-CtmiR-39)實(shí)驗(yàn)組-(Ct目的基因-CtmiR-39)對(duì)照組。
4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
1 非小細(xì)胞肺癌組、良性病變組及健康組血清miR-223的表達(dá)比較
結(jié)果顯示(如圖1),健康組血清miR-223表達(dá)水平為0.36±0.13,良性病變組為0.41±0.20,非小細(xì)胞肺癌組為0.84±0.36。非小細(xì)胞肺癌組明顯高于健康組(t健康組=7.027,P<0.001)和良性病變組(t良性病變組=5.974,P<0.001);良性病變組相對(duì)表達(dá)量高于健康組,但差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t= 1.223,P=0.226>0.05)。
2 miR-223表達(dá)與NSCLC患者臨床病理特征的關(guān)系
如表1顯示,血清miR-223的表達(dá)與患者年齡(u=372.500,P=0.593)、性別(u=368.500,P= 0.787)、病理類型(χ2=1.317,P=0.518)、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移(u=354.000,P=0.691)無關(guān),和臨床分期(u=276.500,P=0.043)有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)相關(guān)。
表1 miR-223與非小細(xì)胞肺癌臨床病理特征的關(guān)系(±s)
表1 miR-223與非小細(xì)胞肺癌臨床病理特征的關(guān)系(±s)
注:*為KruskalWallis檢驗(yàn);其它為Mann-Whitney檢驗(yàn)
臨床病理特征例數(shù)miR-223相對(duì)表達(dá)量u P年齡<60280.91±0.45372.5000.593≥60290.78±0.25性別男350.80±0.27368.5000.787女220.90±0.48病理類型腺癌290.91±0.371.317*0.518鱗癌260.78±0.36大細(xì)胞癌20.78±0.01 TMN分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ310.76±0.30276.5000.043Ⅲ~Ⅳ260.95±0.41淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移有210.84±0.36354.0000.691無360.84±0.37
3 miR-223表達(dá)與CYFRA21-1、CEA的關(guān)系
如表2所示,采用Pearson相關(guān)分析得知NSCLC患者血清miR-223的表達(dá)與CYFRA21-1、CEA的表達(dá)均無關(guān)(P值均>0.05)。
表2 NSCLC患者血清miR-223表達(dá)與CYFRA21-1、CEA的關(guān)系
4 ROC曲線分析miR-223、CEA、CYFRA21-1對(duì)NSCLC患者與對(duì)照組的鑒別能力
ROC曲線下面積反應(yīng)了診斷指標(biāo)的準(zhǔn)確性,曲線下面積越大,診斷準(zhǔn)確性越高。圖2顯示,miR-223、CEA、CYFRA21-1的曲線下面積(95%置信區(qū)間)分別為0.891(95%CI:0.834~0.946)、0.724(95%CI:0.632~0.816)、0.737(95%CI:0.647~0.827)。NSCLC與對(duì)照組比較,miR-223、CEA、CYFRA21-1的AUC假設(shè)檢驗(yàn)差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均<0.001),其中miR-223的ROC曲線下面積最大,是區(qū)別NSCLC與對(duì)照組的最佳指標(biāo)。
5 血清miR-223、CEA、CYFRA21-1單項(xiàng)檢測(cè)和聯(lián)合檢測(cè)對(duì)NSCLC患者診斷效能的評(píng)價(jià)
經(jīng)SPSS統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,miR-223在約登指數(shù)最大時(shí)的相對(duì)表達(dá)量為0.58,以該值其cut off值;CEA、CYFRA21-1分別以試劑盒說明書的參考區(qū)間上限值4.7ng/m L、3.3ng/m L作為其cut off值。計(jì)算miR-223、CEA、CYFRA21-1單項(xiàng)及三項(xiàng)組合的敏感性、特異性、陽性似然比、陰性似然比、診斷比值比。由表3可知,單項(xiàng)檢測(cè)miR-223的敏感性最高,特異性較CEA稍低;miR-223聯(lián)合CEA、CYFRA21-1時(shí),可較大程度地提高診斷的敏感性,同時(shí)提高陽性似然比和診斷比值比、降低陰性似然比,使診斷效能提高。
表3 miR-223、CEA、CYFRA21-1單項(xiàng)及三項(xiàng)組合對(duì)NSCLC患者的診斷效能
NSCLC是肺癌的主要類型,其早期診斷率低,發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)多為Ⅲ~Ⅳ期,患者死亡率高,診斷的金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)即惡性細(xì)胞的病理診斷,通常需要侵入性手段,如支氣管鏡,肺穿刺,或開胸手術(shù)等。胸部X射線和CT斷層掃描檢查可以在早期階段檢測(cè)到一些肺癌[10-11],但早期檢出率低,相關(guān)輻射的危害可能會(huì)更大[12],其他如痰細(xì)胞學(xué)檢查方法、支氣管肺泡灌洗還沒有被證明是有效的篩檢手段。目前在用的一些血清學(xué)NSCLC標(biāo)志物的敏感度和特異性都不高。miRNA的發(fā)現(xiàn)為非小細(xì)胞肺癌的早期診斷開啟了一扇大門。
在過去的幾年里,科學(xué)家已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了足夠的證據(jù)證實(shí)癌癥患者和健康人血清中存在許多miRNAs的差異表達(dá),并與癌癥發(fā)展相關(guān)[13-14]。陳等發(fā)現(xiàn)NSCLC患者血清中存在10種與正常人顯著差異表達(dá)的miRNAs[15]。而唐等人則發(fā)現(xiàn)血清miR-21,miR-145,miR-155可作為一種無創(chuàng)的篩查工具,對(duì)早期肺癌做出相當(dāng)準(zhǔn)確的診斷[16]。隨后,越來越多的學(xué)者研究miRNA對(duì)肺癌的早期診斷價(jià)值,與之相比,我們目前的研究中增加了肺部良性疾病作為對(duì)照組。研究顯示血清 miR-223在 NSCLC患者血清中的表達(dá)顯著高于肺部良性疾病和健康人組,且與臨床分期顯著相關(guān),而肺部良性疾病和健康人組間表達(dá)無明顯差異,表明血清miR-223對(duì)早期 NSCLC具有一定診斷價(jià)值。
研究表明,在胃癌、腸癌、肝癌和腎癌等患者血清或腫瘤組織中發(fā)現(xiàn)miR-223表達(dá)上調(diào)[17-20],其可促進(jìn)癌細(xì)胞的增殖[20-21],且與癌癥患者不良預(yù)后相關(guān)[8]。miR-223可以靶向作用于RASA-1、Foxo1、EPB41L3,從而促進(jìn)癌細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)、增殖及侵襲[20,22-23],還可作用于FBXW7或PARP1調(diào)節(jié)癌細(xì)胞對(duì)化療藥物的敏感性[24-25]。
本研究采用血清miR-223作為研究對(duì)象,取材方便,加之血清miRNA的穩(wěn)定性[9],使其臨床應(yīng)用價(jià)值大大提高。研究結(jié)果表明,miR-223在NSCLC患者血清中的表達(dá)水平顯著高于對(duì)照組,這與Geng Qing等[26]的研究結(jié)果一致。NSCLC患者血清miR-223水平與患者年齡、性別、病理類型、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移及CEA和CYFRA21-1的表達(dá)無關(guān),和臨床分期有關(guān)。由ROC曲線分析得出,miR-223的曲線下面積最大0.891(95%CI:0.834~0.946),診斷NSCLC的準(zhǔn)確性最高,而 CEA、CYFRA21-1的曲線下面積分別0.724(95%CI:0.632~0.816)、0.737(95%CI:0.647~0.827),這與相關(guān)報(bào)道一致[27]。本研究還顯示miR-223和CEA、CYFRA21-1相比,診斷NSCLC具有較高的敏感性和特異性,CEA、CYFRA21-1診斷NSCLC的敏感性和特異性與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道較一致[28-29]。單項(xiàng)檢測(cè)中miR-223的陽性似然比、陰性似然比、診斷比值比均是最佳,而三項(xiàng)組合將顯著提高診斷的敏感性、陽性似然比、診斷比值比,同時(shí)擁有更低的陰性似然比,說明miR-223、CEA、CYFRA21-1聯(lián)合檢測(cè)能明顯提高診斷NSCLC的效能。
綜上所述,miR-223是診斷NSCLC的較好指標(biāo),且能早期發(fā)現(xiàn)NSCLC,聯(lián)合血清腫瘤標(biāo)志物CEA、CYFRA21-1更能提高診斷效能。但在miR-223應(yīng)用于臨床診斷之前,還有許多問題需要解決,如標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化檢測(cè)體系的建立、診斷閾值和質(zhì)量控制的確定等。基于這些,我們還需更多更大樣本的臨床研究。
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(李 凌編輯)
The Expression of Serum miR-223 and its Diagnostic Value in Conjunction w ith CEA and CYFRA21-1 in Non-Small Cell lung Cancer
SU Guang-jian,XIAO Zhen-zhou,XIAO Yan-ping,PENGWei,CHEN Yan
(Department of Clinical Laboratory,F(xiàn)ujian Provincial Cancer Hospital,F(xiàn)ujian Medical University Teaching Hospital,F(xiàn)uzhou,350014,China)
Objective To investigate the expression of serum miR-223 and the diagnostic value of the combination of serum miR-223 w ith carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)and cytokeratin 19 fragments(CYFRA21-1)in non-small cell lung cancer.M ethods Fifty-seven patients w ith non-small cell lung cancer,thirty patients w ith benign lung disease and thirty healthy people were included in the study.Total RNA was extracted from serum samples for themeasurement ofmiR-223 levels using real-time quantitative PCR.Simultaneously,serum tumor markers CEA and CYFRA21-1 were determ ined.The relationship between miR-223 levels and clinical characteristics of non-small cell lung cancer patients was analyzed. The diagnostic efficiency of combination of serum miR-223 w ith CEA and CYFRA21-1 in non-small cell lung cancer was evaluated.Results Serum level ofmiR-223 was significantly higher in non-small cell lung cancer than that in healthy people group and benign lung disease group(P<0.001 for both).There was no correlation between serum miR-223 and patient age,gender,pathological type,lymph node metastasis and the expression of CEA and CYFRA21-1(P>0.05 in all comparisons),but there was a correlation between miR-223 and clinical stage(P<0.05).The area under the ROC curve of miR-223,CEA and CYFRA21-1 was 0.891(95%CI:0.834-0.946),0.724(95%CI:0.632-0.816)and 0.737(95%CI:0.647-0.827)respectively.When 0.58 was selected as the cut off value,the sensitivity and specificity ofmiR-223 were 71.9%and 86.7%when healthy people group was used as control,63.2% and 83.3%when for benign lung disease group was used as control.When serum miR-223 was combined w ith CEA,CYFRA21-1,the sensitivity and specificity in the two groupswere 80.7%and 85.4%,78.9% and 83.3%respectively.Conclusion Serum miR-223 levels are highly expressed in non-small cell lung cancer.Itmay be used as a potential biomarker in the early diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer.The combination of serum miR-223 w ith tumor markers CEA,CYFRA21-1 can improve diagnostic efficiency for non-small cell lung cancer.
miR-223; Carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA); Cytokeratin 19 fragments(CYFRA21-1);Non-small cell lung cancer; Early diagnosis; Diagnostic value
10.11748/bjmy.issn.1006-1703.2016.08.003
2015-12-19;
2016-01-08
福建省衛(wèi)生廳青年科研課題(編號(hào):2013-1-9)
蘇光建(1981—),男,碩士,主管技師,主要從事臨床檢驗(yàn)診斷學(xué)研究。
陳燕(1963—)女,主任醫(yī)師,教授,碩士研究生導(dǎo)師,主要從事臨床檢驗(yàn)診斷學(xué)研究。E-mail:yanc99@sina.com