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胰管支架置入術(shù)對(duì)經(jīng)內(nèi)鏡逆行胰膽管造影術(shù)中反復(fù)胰管導(dǎo)絲插入患者術(shù)后胰腺炎的預(yù)防作用觀察

2016-01-31 05:56:26陳超伍朱海杭鄧登豪劉軍陳娟陳煒煒朱振
中國(guó)內(nèi)鏡雜志 2016年12期
關(guān)鍵詞:胰管導(dǎo)絲淀粉酶

陳超伍,朱海杭,鄧登豪,劉軍,陳娟,陳煒煒,朱振

(江蘇省蘇北人民醫(yī)院 消化內(nèi)科,江蘇 揚(yáng)州 225001)

胰管支架置入術(shù)對(duì)經(jīng)內(nèi)鏡逆行胰膽管造影術(shù)中反復(fù)胰管導(dǎo)絲插入患者術(shù)后胰腺炎的預(yù)防作用觀察

陳超伍,朱海杭,鄧登豪,劉軍,陳娟,陳煒煒,朱振

(江蘇省蘇北人民醫(yī)院 消化內(nèi)科,江蘇 揚(yáng)州 225001)

目的 探討胰管支架置入術(shù)對(duì)經(jīng)內(nèi)鏡逆行胰膽管造影術(shù)(ERCP)中反復(fù)胰管導(dǎo)絲插入患者術(shù)后胰腺炎(PEP)的預(yù)防作用。方法前瞻性分析該院2008年1月-2015年12月收治的因插管困難而導(dǎo)致導(dǎo)絲反復(fù)進(jìn)入胰管的膽道疾病患者64例,隨機(jī)均分成觀察組和對(duì)照組。皆常規(guī)行ERCP術(shù),觀察組術(shù)中置入胰管支架,對(duì)照組術(shù)后不置入胰管支架或者鼻胰管,術(shù)后監(jiān)測(cè)腹痛癥狀,血淀粉酶。統(tǒng)計(jì)并對(duì)比分析兩組急性胰腺炎的發(fā)生率、胰腺炎嚴(yán)重程度分級(jí)、腹痛評(píng)分、Ranson評(píng)分、淀粉酶恢復(fù)時(shí)間。結(jié)果觀察組發(fā)生5例PEP,發(fā)生率為15.6%,其中輕型4例(12.5%)、中型1例(3.1%);對(duì)照組發(fā)生13例PEP,發(fā)生率為40.6%,其中輕型6例(18.8%)、中型4例(12.5%)、重型3例(9.4%)。觀察組PEP發(fā)生率明顯低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。輕、中、重型PEP發(fā)生率均低于對(duì)照組,其中中、重型PEP發(fā)生率明顯低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。觀察組術(shù)后Ranson評(píng)分為(1.2±0.4)分,明顯低于對(duì)照組的(2.5±1.2)分(P<0.05);觀察組淀粉酶恢復(fù)正常時(shí)間平均為(3.0±0.6)d,亦明顯低于對(duì)照組的(5.8±1.4)d(P<0.01)。兩組皆未發(fā)生出血和穿孔等并發(fā)癥。結(jié)論應(yīng)用胰管支架置入能夠有效預(yù)防因?qū)Ыz反復(fù)進(jìn)入胰管患者的PEP的發(fā)生率、減輕患者術(shù)后痛楚、促進(jìn)患者恢復(fù)。

內(nèi)鏡逆行胰膽管造影術(shù);困難插管;胰管支架

隨著內(nèi)鏡技術(shù)及微創(chuàng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,經(jīng)內(nèi)鏡逆行胰膽管造影術(shù)(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)逐漸廣泛應(yīng)用于肝膽胰疾病的診治,術(shù)后胰腺炎(post-ERCP pancreatitis,PEP)是ERCP術(shù)后最常見(jiàn)、最嚴(yán)重的并發(fā)癥,發(fā)生率在5.0%~30.0%[1]。雖然大部分屬于輕型胰腺炎,但仍有約10.0%的可發(fā)展為重癥胰腺炎[2],導(dǎo)致住院時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)、費(fèi)用增加,甚至危及患者的生命。而反復(fù)的非選擇性的胰管導(dǎo)絲插入是導(dǎo)致PEP發(fā)作的誘因之一,如何有效預(yù)防因反復(fù)導(dǎo)絲插入而導(dǎo)致的PEP成為急需解決的問(wèn)題。本研究旨在探討胰管支架置入術(shù)能否降低PEP的發(fā)生率、減少重癥PEP的發(fā)生率,為臨床工作提供有效依據(jù)。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

以本院2008年1月-2015年12月行ERCP診治的膽道疾病患者為研究對(duì)象,排除ERCP術(shù)前1周內(nèi)有急性胰腺炎發(fā)作者、需要進(jìn)行胰管造影或行胰管支架治療者、合并膽胰管匯流異常、胰腺分裂者,納入其中因選擇性插管困難而導(dǎo)致導(dǎo)絲非選擇性進(jìn)入胰管>3次者64例。入選患者按隨機(jī)數(shù)字表排列,隨機(jī)均分成觀察組和對(duì)照組。觀察組32例,男15例、女17例,年齡28~84歲,平均56.8歲。其中,膽總管結(jié)石24例,膽管狹窄4例,惡性腫瘤4例。對(duì)照組32例,男14例、女18例,年齡29~87歲,平均58.8歲。其中,膽總管結(jié)石25例,膽管狹窄4例,惡性腫瘤3例。兩組患者在性別構(gòu)成、年齡及病因構(gòu)成方面差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。

1.2 方法

納入本研究患者均于術(shù)前15~30 min肌注地西泮10 mg、東莨菪堿10 mg、丙泊酚靜脈麻醉。使用TGF260十二指腸鏡,進(jìn)入十二指腸,找見(jiàn)十二指腸乳頭,進(jìn)行ERCP常規(guī)操作,對(duì)于反復(fù)插管不能進(jìn)入膽管3次以上的納入研究,其他操作相同,觀察組術(shù)中置入胰管支架,對(duì)照組術(shù)后不置入胰管支架或者鼻胰管,術(shù)后查3和24 h血淀粉酶,3 d后逐天復(fù)查至正常。統(tǒng)計(jì)并對(duì)比分析兩組急性胰腺炎的發(fā)生率、胰腺炎嚴(yán)重程度分級(jí)、腹痛評(píng)分、Ranson評(píng)分和淀粉酶恢復(fù)時(shí)間。

1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

采用SPSS 14.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理,計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,行t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料行χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05時(shí)為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

觀察組發(fā)生5例PEP,發(fā)生率為15.6%,其中輕型4例(12.5%)、中型1例(3.1%);對(duì)照組發(fā)生13 例PEP,發(fā)生率為40.6%,其中輕型6例(18.8%)、中型4例(12.5%)、重型3例(9.4%)。觀察組PEP發(fā)生率明顯低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。輕、中、重型PEP發(fā)生率均低于對(duì)照組,其中中、重型PEP發(fā)生率明顯低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。觀察組術(shù)后Ranson評(píng)分為(1.2±0.4)分,明顯低于對(duì)照組的(2.5±1.2)分(P<0.05);觀察組淀粉酶恢復(fù)正常時(shí)間平均為(3.0±0.6)d,亦明顯低于對(duì)照組的(5.8±1.4)d(P<0.01),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

3 討論

近幾年隨著微創(chuàng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,ERCP逐漸在膽胰疾病中起到越來(lái)越重要的作用。但隨著ERCP數(shù)量的增加,并發(fā)癥也隨之增加,PEP是ERCP最常見(jiàn)的并發(fā)癥之一,其中約有10.0%的患者會(huì)發(fā)展成為重癥胰腺炎,嚴(yán)重者甚至威脅患者的生命。導(dǎo)致PEP的原因很多,但其中最常見(jiàn)的為選擇性困難插管[3],而困難插管中一大部分患者雖然不能選擇性膽管插管,但導(dǎo)絲容易進(jìn)入胰管,從而增加胰腺炎的發(fā)生率。因此,如何有效預(yù)防反復(fù)導(dǎo)絲進(jìn)入胰管而導(dǎo)致的PEP成為急需解決的問(wèn)題。本研究針對(duì)反復(fù)進(jìn)入胰管3次以上的患者,常規(guī)進(jìn)行胰管支架置入,來(lái)比較其術(shù)后并發(fā)癥情況。結(jié)果顯示觀察組PEP發(fā)生率明顯低于對(duì)照組,中、重型PEP發(fā)生率明顯低于對(duì)照組,提示對(duì)于反復(fù)胰管插入的患者,胰管支架置入能夠有效減少PEP的發(fā)生。同時(shí)使用Ranson評(píng)分系統(tǒng)針對(duì)急性胰腺炎的病情輕重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行評(píng)估,結(jié)果顯示觀察組PEP患者Ranson評(píng)分明顯低于對(duì)照組。說(shuō)明在發(fā)生的PEP中,胰管支架置入組能夠有效地解除胰管術(shù)后的梗阻,使得PEP輕于對(duì)照組。對(duì)于導(dǎo)絲反復(fù)進(jìn)入胰管的患者,胰管支架置入術(shù)能夠減少PEP的發(fā)生同時(shí),也能夠減少重癥PEP的發(fā)生率。

在ERCP術(shù)后治療過(guò)程中,腹痛是PEP的一項(xiàng)主要臨床癥狀[4],淀粉酶是判斷PEP治療效果的指標(biāo)之一[5]。本研究結(jié)果顯示觀察組淀粉酶恢復(fù)正常時(shí)間明顯快于對(duì)照組,說(shuō)明胰管支架置入能夠有效地解除因乳頭水腫、胰管梗阻以及PEP引起的腹痛癥狀,而且能夠有效地促進(jìn)PEP的恢復(fù),縮短PEP患者的住院時(shí)間。

綜上所述,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)胰管支架置入能夠有效地減少PEP的發(fā)生率、減輕發(fā)生PEP的嚴(yán)重程度,降低患者腹痛的程度,促進(jìn)ERCP術(shù)后的PEP恢復(fù)。對(duì)ERCP術(shù)中反復(fù)進(jìn)行胰管插管的患者,應(yīng)該常規(guī)置入胰管支架,以降低并發(fā)癥,改善預(yù)后。

[1] MUKAI S, ITOI T. Selective biliary cannulation techniques for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedures and prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis[J]. Expert Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 2016, 10(6): 709-722.

[2] ELMUNZER B J. Preventing postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis[J]. Gastrointest Endosc Clinics of Nourth America, 2015, 25(4):725-736.

[3] KIM C W, CHANG J H, KIM T H, et al. Sequential doubleguidewire technique and transpancreatic precut sphincterotomy for diffi cultbiliary cannulation[J]. Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology, 2015, 21(1): 18-24.

[4] HAQQI S A, MANSOOR-UL-HAQ M, SHAIKH H. Frequency of common factors for post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis[J]. Journal of the College of Physicians Surgeons Pakistan, 2011, 21(8): 464-467.

[5] FREEMAN M L, DISARIO J A, NELSON D B. Risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis: a prospective, multicenter study[J]. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 2001, 54(4): 425-434.

(彭薇 編輯)

Impact of pancreatic stent as a preventive measure on post-ERCP pancreatitis in patients with repeatedly non-selective pancreatic duct cannulation

Chao-wu Chen, Hai-hang Zhu, Deng-hao Deng, Jun Liu, Juan Chen, Wei-wei Chen, Zhen Zhu
(Department of Gastroenterology, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, China)

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of pancreatic duct stenting as a preventive measure for post-ERCP pancreatitis in patients with repeatedly non-selective pancreatic duct cannulation.MethodsClinical data of 64 patients with biliary tract disease from January 2008 to December 2015 was prospective analyzed. All the patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group. Patients in observation group received pancreatic stent placement, while patients in control group was not received pancreatic stent placement and nasal duct. Postoperative monitoring items included abdominal pain, blood amylase. Then record and compare the incidence of acute pancreatitis, pancreatitis severity rating, abdominal pain score, Ranson score, amylase recovery time between the two groups.ResultsObservation group had fi ve cases of PEP, the rate was 15.6 %, including mild four cases (12.5 %), medium one case (3.1 %); the control group had 13 cases of PEP, the rate was 40.6 %, including mild six cases (18.8 %), medium four cases (12.5 %), severe three cases (9.4 %). PEP observation group was signifi cantlylower than the control group (P< 0.05). Mild, medium and severe PEP were lower than the control group, in which the severe PEP was signifi cantly lower than the control group (P< 0.05). Ranson score of the observation group was (1.2 ± 0.4), significantly lower than the control group (2.5 ± 1.2) (P< 0.05); the observation group amylase average recovery time was (3.0 ± 0.6) d, it is also signifi cantly lower than the control group (5.8 ± 1.4) d (P< 0.01). No bleeding and perforation complications occurred. Conclusion Pancreatic stenting can effectively prevent the incidence of PEP, reduce postoperative pain, improve patient recovery.

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; diffi cult intubation; pancreatic stenting

R576

B

10.3969/j.issn.1007-1989.2016.12.020

1007-1989(2016)12-0094-03

2016-07-13

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