方弦

【摘要】對(duì)于大多數(shù)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，英語(yǔ)是一門(mén)非常令人頭疼的學(xué)科。不僅僅是因?yàn)橛写罅啃枰洃浀膯卧~和短語(yǔ)，還有繁多復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)法讓人望而卻步。人們總認(rèn)為英語(yǔ)就必須多背背即可，可結(jié)果總不盡人意。如果我們能從另一個(gè)角度來(lái)看待它，英語(yǔ)其實(shí)也像數(shù)理化那樣是有章可循，有法可依，可以通過(guò)技巧訓(xùn)練來(lái)提高的。本文將從中考完型題目入手，一題多思，一題多變，一題多解，爭(zhēng)取在盡量減輕學(xué)生負(fù)擔(dān)的情況下打開(kāi)學(xué)生思路，能對(duì)所學(xué)知識(shí)舉一反三。

【關(guān)鍵詞】理科思維 一題多思 舉一反三

在傳統(tǒng)的學(xué)習(xí)中，人們總是把文理涇渭分明的區(qū)分成兩個(gè)學(xué)科派別。英語(yǔ)屬文，所以總會(huì)被冠以“背背單詞即可”的口號(hào)。人們認(rèn)為理科思維與英語(yǔ)無(wú)關(guān)?？墒鞘聦?shí)證明，僅僅是“背背單詞”是絕對(duì)無(wú)法滿(mǎn)足英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)需要的。語(yǔ)言也是有規(guī)律可循的，如果我們可以借用理科思維的理念，使英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)變得更加可捉摸，那么對(duì)于學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)就可以變得輕松許多。

一、“一題多思”理科思維特點(diǎn)在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中的表現(xiàn)

要想提高自己的做題能力和學(xué)習(xí)效率，就要學(xué)會(huì)練習(xí)一題多解，一題多思，即用多種方法解答同一道試題。這是理科練習(xí)中常用的訓(xùn)練方法。這種方法不僅能更牢固地掌握和運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)，而且通過(guò)一題多思，分析比較，能夠?qū)ふ医忸}的最佳途徑和方法，培養(yǎng)自己的創(chuàng)造性思維能力。適當(dāng)增加一些一題多思的練習(xí)題，對(duì)鞏固知識(shí)，增強(qiáng)解題能力，提高學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)大有益處。本文根據(jù)理科思維的特點(diǎn)，將從英語(yǔ)中考閱讀題目入手，一題多思，一題多變，一題多解，爭(zhēng)取在盡量減輕學(xué)生負(fù)擔(dān)的情況下打開(kāi)學(xué)生思路，能對(duì)所學(xué)的知識(shí)舉一反三。

在中考中，完形填空、閱讀理解和選詞填空是對(duì)學(xué)生英語(yǔ)素養(yǎng)和實(shí)用能力的考察。只知道死記硬背的學(xué)生，一天到晚鉆在題海中出不來(lái)的孩子，其實(shí)到最終無(wú)法達(dá)到成正比的效果。到最后，學(xué)了那么多年英語(yǔ)，不知道思考，不知道舉一反三的學(xué)生大有人在。上述的問(wèn)題，都是由于學(xué)生未能認(rèn)清英語(yǔ)這門(mén)語(yǔ)言的構(gòu)成特點(diǎn)，從而使學(xué)生在一次次考試中敗下陣來(lái)。這個(gè)問(wèn)題不能僅僅依靠背單詞來(lái)解決。本文以完型填空為抓手，舉例呈現(xiàn)“一題多思”的設(shè)計(jì)思路。

設(shè)計(jì)舉例：

根據(jù)杭州市近五年中考題內(nèi)容來(lái)看，完形填空的難度都相對(duì)比較大。而在初三的復(fù)習(xí)中，完形填空往往被很多考生所忽視，特別是在臨考之前的時(shí)候。但事實(shí)上，中考完形如果復(fù)習(xí)的好，其收獲絕對(duì)不只是那20道題目10分。本文以中考模擬卷上的完型填空為核心題目，根據(jù)中考特點(diǎn)，進(jìn)行一題多變，一題多思示例。

對(duì)于完形的復(fù)習(xí)，分為以下幾個(gè)方面：

1.詞匯的復(fù)習(xí)。詞匯的復(fù)習(xí)其實(shí)可分為三個(gè)層次：理解、辨析和運(yùn)用。中考完形的詞匯，從統(tǒng)計(jì)的概率上看，以實(shí)詞詞匯為主，研究歷年完型填空中的選項(xiàng)詞匯是很有必要的。所以詞匯的復(fù)習(xí)在完形和閱讀部分應(yīng)當(dāng)是有所區(qū)別的。在復(fù)習(xí)完形的詞匯的時(shí)候，我們可以嘗試將完型的選項(xiàng)轉(zhuǎn)化為詞匯方面的題目，對(duì)完型進(jìn)行再改編，將完型改為和詞匯相關(guān)的題目：?jiǎn)卧~拼寫(xiě)以及詞語(yǔ)填空。以下這篇完型填空是本文需要舉例的核心題目。

（1）一題多思：選項(xiàng)轉(zhuǎn)化為單詞拼寫(xiě)：

“Im really thankful to our government， for it provides us with such a good training program.The training greatly helps us live well.I Will certainly study hard and learn the skills.Then I can s____ my family difficulties and do good to other people.” a learner on the Job training program said， feeling e_____.

The learners grandfather is nearly 80 years old， and his mother is ill in bed.So his father ， who is a farmer， is the main s____ of the Family.The family is poor.The learner graduated from high school And did not p____ the college entrance exam.The job training program helps him learn the skills that hell n_____ in the work place.

The story reminds me of another s_____.It goes like this： OnceUpon a time， there was a man who liked fishing very much， and was a____ to catch lots of fish every day.The man was a kind-hearted person， so he always s_____ his fish with his neighbours who did not know how to fish.One day， he thought that it would be g_____if he taught them how to fish.So he c_____ his neighbours together and showed them how to fish.Everybody was very happy that they could _____ the fish they themselves caught.

At present， there are still a lot of poor people throughout the world.But its not good if we give only f_____ to them.I_____， we should give them a chance to learn new skills.Therefore， a technical training is very important to people in need， and they will learn the ability to m_____ money.People can learn a lot of useful things in the training program and what they learn can help them on the way to find jobs.

除了選項(xiàng)轉(zhuǎn)化為詞匯練習(xí)外，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，完型中的其他詞匯也是非常值得學(xué)生鞏固復(fù)習(xí)的，于是為了充分利用這篇完型填空，筆者又根據(jù)中考考點(diǎn)，將文中重要的詞匯編排出來(lái)，加大難度，轉(zhuǎn)化為中考題型選詞填空。

（2）一題多思：轉(zhuǎn)換為選詞填空

Excite， remind， teach， t hank， provide， they， who， luck， able， support

“Im really ____ to our government， for it p____ us with such a good training program.The training greatly helps us live well.I will certainly study hard and learn the skills.Then I can solve my family difficulties and do good to other people.” a learner on the job training program said， feeling _____.

The learners grandfather is ____ 80 years old， and his mother is ill in bed.So his father ， who is a farmer， is the main ____of the Family.The family is poor.The learner graduated from high school And did not pass the college entrance exam.The job training program helps him learn the skills that hell need in the work place.

The story ____ me of another story.It goes like this： Once upon a time， there was a man ____ liked fishing very much， and was able to catch lots of fish every day.The man was a kind-hearted person， so he always shared his fish with his neighbours who did not know how to fish.One day， he thought that it would be great if he taught them how to fish.So he called his neighbours together and showed them how to fish.Everybody was very happy that they could eat the fish they ____ caught.At present， there are still a lot of poor people throughout the world，but its not good if we give only food to them._____， we should give them a chance to learn new skills.Therefore， a technical training is very important to people in need， and they will learn the ____to make money.People can learn a lot of useful things in the training program and what they learn can help them on the way to find jobs.

2.閱讀上的復(fù)習(xí)。完形的解題是以閱讀為基礎(chǔ)的。如果一篇文章讀不懂那肯定是解不出來(lái)的。所以在真正做閱讀訓(xùn)練 （請(qǐng)注意，不是解題訓(xùn)練而是閱讀訓(xùn)練的時(shí)候）請(qǐng)各位同學(xué)務(wù)必只針對(duì)文章去讀，而不是針對(duì)題目去讀文章。所以再隔一段時(shí)間后，教師可以嘗試將已經(jīng)做過(guò)的完型填空變成閱讀理解題目，或者可以事先將完型填空以閱讀理解的方式給學(xué)生。

一題多思：轉(zhuǎn)換為閱讀理解題目。

仍以剛才那篇文章為例，改編如下。

1 Why does the writer say “ he is thankful to the government”？

A because the government offers enough food to him.

B because the government offers him a good training program.

C because the government teaches him how to fish.

2 The man in the story thought it would be great to ______

A share fish with everyone.

B teach neighbours how to fish.

C eat the fish together.

3 Which sentence is not true according to the passage？

A The training program can help him learn the skills that hell need in the workplace.

B Everyone was happy only because they could eat the fish they themselves caught.

C Its more important for people to learn the ability to manke money than to get money.

4 Which proverbs can be seen in the story？

A Its better to teach fishing than to offer fish.

B A friend in need is a friend indeed.

C Seeing is believing.

二、英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中一題多思訓(xùn)練，應(yīng)當(dāng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)

1.目的要明確。上這種課，不是單純地追求形式上的一題多思，而是要通過(guò)這種練習(xí)活動(dòng)，達(dá)到鍛煉學(xué)生的思維，拓寬學(xué)生的思路，增長(zhǎng)學(xué)生的知識(shí)，培養(yǎng)和提高學(xué)生創(chuàng)造性學(xué)習(xí)能力這個(gè)根本目的。所以，教學(xué)內(nèi)容的安排，教學(xué)活動(dòng)的組織，教學(xué)方法的選擇等等，都要有利于實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)根本目的。這是上這種課的總要求。

2.要注意把握上這種課的時(shí)間。上這種課，一般是在學(xué)生對(duì)初次做完型填空和閱讀理解的時(shí)候，已經(jīng)基本參透文章后，隔一段時(shí)間后，再進(jìn)行文章的再次改編，如此，才能使學(xué)生掌握得越深刻，越透徹。

3.選題要得當(dāng)，方法要靈活。并不是所有的完型和閱讀都能進(jìn)行再改編的。選題得當(dāng)是學(xué)生一題多思的前提條件。它既要能夠一題多變，又要顧及到班上差生、好生的具體情況，當(dāng)然這同時(shí)給老師提出了巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。

理科思維中的一題多思，一題多變，一題多思訓(xùn)練，不僅可以啟發(fā)和引導(dǎo)學(xué)生從不同的角度、不同的思路鍛煉學(xué)生思維的靈活性，促進(jìn)學(xué)生長(zhǎng)知識(shí)、長(zhǎng)智慧；也是為了開(kāi)闊學(xué)生的思路，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生靈活地掌握知識(shí)的縱橫聯(lián)系，培養(yǎng)和發(fā)揮學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造性。特別重要的是，能幫助學(xué)生充分發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)做過(guò)的題目的深度，減輕學(xué)習(xí)負(fù)擔(dān)的同時(shí)，積極消化那些曾經(jīng)一知半解的題目 從而幫助學(xué)生牢固地掌握所學(xué)的知識(shí)，尋找到解題的最佳途徑和方法，培養(yǎng)發(fā)散思維的能力。用這樣的思維模式來(lái)指導(dǎo)自己的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生會(huì)感到更輕松，更運(yùn)籌帷幄。

參考文獻(xiàn)：

[1]教育部.英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[M].北京師范大學(xué)出版社，2001.

[2]吳菲，仲玉英.英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中跨文化意識(shí)內(nèi)涵分析[J].中小學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究，2005.

[3]何仁毅.中學(xué)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)糾錯(cuò)策略[J].中小學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究.2007.

[4]耿萌.英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中理科思維的探討[J].都市家教.2013（1）.