杜娟
摘 要: 翻譯中重視復(fù)句和句群的推理,是翻譯理論學(xué)習(xí)的重要知識(shí)。本文以多種例證證明這一觀點(diǎn)。
關(guān)鍵詞: 英語復(fù)句 句群 推理
推理一般由復(fù)句或句群表達(dá),一般是前提在前、結(jié)論在后,前提之中又是大前提在前、小前提在后。例如:
As the molecules vibrate more and more rapidly,warmth is produced.
由于分子振動(dòng)越來越快,因此就產(chǎn)生熱。
If you drill a hole in a metal block,the drill will collide with atoms of the metal.The kinetic energy imparted by the drill will cause the atoms in the metal to vibrate faster.Consequently,the temperature of the metal will rise。
如果在一塊金屬上鉆孔,鉆頭猛烈撞擊金屬的原子,鉆頭傳遞動(dòng)能,使金屬中的原子振動(dòng)加快。因此,金屬的溫度便上升了.
然而,表達(dá)推理的復(fù)句,有時(shí)是結(jié)論在前、前提在后,小前提在前、大前提在后。例如:
The force between the charged balls is a field force,since the balls;are not in contact But the force is not gravitational force, since gravitational force is always a force of attraction ,never repulsion
這兩個(gè)帶電的球之間的力是場(chǎng)力,因?yàn)閮汕蛭唇佑|,但這種力又不是引力,因?yàn)橐偸俏?,而不是排斥力?/p>
若干個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句,雖然句法上各自獨(dú)立,但意義上有聯(lián)系,于是可組成句群。構(gòu)成句群的手段有兩種:一是靠關(guān)聯(lián)詞聯(lián)系,二是靠各句間意義的向心作用(意合法)。例如:
The molecules of a gas are far apart.Consequently,a gas can be easily compressed.
氣體的分子相距很遠(yuǎn),因此容易壓縮。
Water stored behind a dam possesses potential energy,the energy of position.When the gates of the dam are released,the water spills over the waterfall.The water has now acquired what is called kinetic energy,the energy of motion.The energy of the waterfall will produce mechanical energy as the water turns the blades of the turbine.This mechanical energy will be converted to electrical energy in a generator.
大壩上面儲(chǔ)存的水具有勢(shì)能(即位能),壩門打開,水傾瀉而下,形成瀑布,這時(shí)水便有了動(dòng)能。當(dāng)落水轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)水輪機(jī)的葉輪時(shí),落水的能量便產(chǎn)生機(jī)械能,機(jī)械能通過發(fā)電機(jī)而轉(zhuǎn)化為電能。
客觀事物最簡(jiǎn)單、最基本的聯(lián)系是因果聯(lián)系,因果關(guān)系是典型的推理。原因和目的相通,目的表達(dá)未然,原因說明已然。 時(shí)間和條件表明客觀聯(lián)系的可能性,是潛在的因果關(guān)系,因而時(shí)間、條件與原因有相通之處。例如:
If you drill la hole in a metal block,the metal becomes hot.
如果你在鐵塊上鉆孔,鐵塊就會(huì)變熱。
If a neutral body gains electrons,讓will have a negative charge.
電中性的物體額外得到一些電子,就具有負(fù)電荷。
We enclose the oscillator in a box so that the light does not go away to infinity.
我們把振蕩器密封在盒子里,使光不無限外瀉。
The decision was made(in order)that peace should prevail.
下決心贏得和平。
客觀事物的因果分析是極其復(fù)雜的,不要說復(fù)雜的科學(xué)課題,就是日常生活中的因果聯(lián)系,也不是一下子能準(zhǔn)確抓住的。
例如:drill a hole并不是metal becomes hot的直接原因,只是大前提,而省略的小前提t(yī)he drill will collide with atoms of the metal and the kinetic energy imparted by the drill will cause theatoms in the metal to vibrate faster才是直接的原因。在用語言文字表達(dá)思想時(shí),為了表達(dá)得經(jīng)濟(jì)與簡(jiǎn)練,常常是省略大前提或小前提或結(jié)論,因而在分析因果關(guān)系時(shí),要注意找直接的真正的原因。
有的簡(jiǎn)單句也可以是表達(dá)推理的,如:
A temperature rise results from friction.
溫度升高是摩擦的結(jié)果。
Temperature changes may cause rock to crumble.
溫度變化可能引起巖石碎裂。
To know him is to like him.
了解他就喜歡他。
這種表達(dá)推理的簡(jiǎn)單句是復(fù)合命題的緊縮形式,即用簡(jiǎn)單的形式表達(dá)復(fù)合句的內(nèi)容,上面三句的原型是:A temperature rises when(where)there is friction.
As temperature changes, rock may crumble.
If you know him, you will like him.
漢語不習(xí)慣用單句表達(dá)推理,并且有時(shí)根本不能用單句翻譯(如上面第三句),因而可譯為復(fù)句,如:
A bit of knowledge kept me from making a big mistake (when an important question was to be decided.)
我因?yàn)樯杂幸恍┲R(shí),所以避免了犯錯(cuò)。endprint
摘 要: 翻譯中重視復(fù)句和句群的推理,是翻譯理論學(xué)習(xí)的重要知識(shí)。本文以多種例證證明這一觀點(diǎn)。
關(guān)鍵詞: 英語復(fù)句 句群 推理
推理一般由復(fù)句或句群表達(dá),一般是前提在前、結(jié)論在后,前提之中又是大前提在前、小前提在后。例如:
As the molecules vibrate more and more rapidly,warmth is produced.
由于分子振動(dòng)越來越快,因此就產(chǎn)生熱。
If you drill a hole in a metal block,the drill will collide with atoms of the metal.The kinetic energy imparted by the drill will cause the atoms in the metal to vibrate faster.Consequently,the temperature of the metal will rise。
如果在一塊金屬上鉆孔,鉆頭猛烈撞擊金屬的原子,鉆頭傳遞動(dòng)能,使金屬中的原子振動(dòng)加快。因此,金屬的溫度便上升了.
然而,表達(dá)推理的復(fù)句,有時(shí)是結(jié)論在前、前提在后,小前提在前、大前提在后。例如:
The force between the charged balls is a field force,since the balls;are not in contact But the force is not gravitational force, since gravitational force is always a force of attraction ,never repulsion
這兩個(gè)帶電的球之間的力是場(chǎng)力,因?yàn)閮汕蛭唇佑|,但這種力又不是引力,因?yàn)橐偸俏Γ皇桥懦饬Α?/p>
若干個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句,雖然句法上各自獨(dú)立,但意義上有聯(lián)系,于是可組成句群。構(gòu)成句群的手段有兩種:一是靠關(guān)聯(lián)詞聯(lián)系,二是靠各句間意義的向心作用(意合法)。例如:
The molecules of a gas are far apart.Consequently,a gas can be easily compressed.
氣體的分子相距很遠(yuǎn),因此容易壓縮。
Water stored behind a dam possesses potential energy,the energy of position.When the gates of the dam are released,the water spills over the waterfall.The water has now acquired what is called kinetic energy,the energy of motion.The energy of the waterfall will produce mechanical energy as the water turns the blades of the turbine.This mechanical energy will be converted to electrical energy in a generator.
大壩上面儲(chǔ)存的水具有勢(shì)能(即位能),壩門打開,水傾瀉而下,形成瀑布,這時(shí)水便有了動(dòng)能。當(dāng)落水轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)水輪機(jī)的葉輪時(shí),落水的能量便產(chǎn)生機(jī)械能,機(jī)械能通過發(fā)電機(jī)而轉(zhuǎn)化為電能。
客觀事物最簡(jiǎn)單、最基本的聯(lián)系是因果聯(lián)系,因果關(guān)系是典型的推理。原因和目的相通,目的表達(dá)未然,原因說明已然。 時(shí)間和條件表明客觀聯(lián)系的可能性,是潛在的因果關(guān)系,因而時(shí)間、條件與原因有相通之處。例如:
If you drill la hole in a metal block,the metal becomes hot.
如果你在鐵塊上鉆孔,鐵塊就會(huì)變熱。
If a neutral body gains electrons,讓will have a negative charge.
電中性的物體額外得到一些電子,就具有負(fù)電荷。
We enclose the oscillator in a box so that the light does not go away to infinity.
我們把振蕩器密封在盒子里,使光不無限外瀉。
The decision was made(in order)that peace should prevail.
下決心贏得和平。
客觀事物的因果分析是極其復(fù)雜的,不要說復(fù)雜的科學(xué)課題,就是日常生活中的因果聯(lián)系,也不是一下子能準(zhǔn)確抓住的。
例如:drill a hole并不是metal becomes hot的直接原因,只是大前提,而省略的小前提t(yī)he drill will collide with atoms of the metal and the kinetic energy imparted by the drill will cause theatoms in the metal to vibrate faster才是直接的原因。在用語言文字表達(dá)思想時(shí),為了表達(dá)得經(jīng)濟(jì)與簡(jiǎn)練,常常是省略大前提或小前提或結(jié)論,因而在分析因果關(guān)系時(shí),要注意找直接的真正的原因。
有的簡(jiǎn)單句也可以是表達(dá)推理的,如:
A temperature rise results from friction.
溫度升高是摩擦的結(jié)果。
Temperature changes may cause rock to crumble.
溫度變化可能引起巖石碎裂。
To know him is to like him.
了解他就喜歡他。
這種表達(dá)推理的簡(jiǎn)單句是復(fù)合命題的緊縮形式,即用簡(jiǎn)單的形式表達(dá)復(fù)合句的內(nèi)容,上面三句的原型是:A temperature rises when(where)there is friction.
As temperature changes, rock may crumble.
If you know him, you will like him.
漢語不習(xí)慣用單句表達(dá)推理,并且有時(shí)根本不能用單句翻譯(如上面第三句),因而可譯為復(fù)句,如:
A bit of knowledge kept me from making a big mistake (when an important question was to be decided.)
我因?yàn)樯杂幸恍┲R(shí),所以避免了犯錯(cuò)。endprint
摘 要: 翻譯中重視復(fù)句和句群的推理,是翻譯理論學(xué)習(xí)的重要知識(shí)。本文以多種例證證明這一觀點(diǎn)。
關(guān)鍵詞: 英語復(fù)句 句群 推理
推理一般由復(fù)句或句群表達(dá),一般是前提在前、結(jié)論在后,前提之中又是大前提在前、小前提在后。例如:
As the molecules vibrate more and more rapidly,warmth is produced.
由于分子振動(dòng)越來越快,因此就產(chǎn)生熱。
If you drill a hole in a metal block,the drill will collide with atoms of the metal.The kinetic energy imparted by the drill will cause the atoms in the metal to vibrate faster.Consequently,the temperature of the metal will rise。
如果在一塊金屬上鉆孔,鉆頭猛烈撞擊金屬的原子,鉆頭傳遞動(dòng)能,使金屬中的原子振動(dòng)加快。因此,金屬的溫度便上升了.
然而,表達(dá)推理的復(fù)句,有時(shí)是結(jié)論在前、前提在后,小前提在前、大前提在后。例如:
The force between the charged balls is a field force,since the balls;are not in contact But the force is not gravitational force, since gravitational force is always a force of attraction ,never repulsion
這兩個(gè)帶電的球之間的力是場(chǎng)力,因?yàn)閮汕蛭唇佑|,但這種力又不是引力,因?yàn)橐偸俏?,而不是排斥力?/p>
若干個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句,雖然句法上各自獨(dú)立,但意義上有聯(lián)系,于是可組成句群。構(gòu)成句群的手段有兩種:一是靠關(guān)聯(lián)詞聯(lián)系,二是靠各句間意義的向心作用(意合法)。例如:
The molecules of a gas are far apart.Consequently,a gas can be easily compressed.
氣體的分子相距很遠(yuǎn),因此容易壓縮。
Water stored behind a dam possesses potential energy,the energy of position.When the gates of the dam are released,the water spills over the waterfall.The water has now acquired what is called kinetic energy,the energy of motion.The energy of the waterfall will produce mechanical energy as the water turns the blades of the turbine.This mechanical energy will be converted to electrical energy in a generator.
大壩上面儲(chǔ)存的水具有勢(shì)能(即位能),壩門打開,水傾瀉而下,形成瀑布,這時(shí)水便有了動(dòng)能。當(dāng)落水轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)水輪機(jī)的葉輪時(shí),落水的能量便產(chǎn)生機(jī)械能,機(jī)械能通過發(fā)電機(jī)而轉(zhuǎn)化為電能。
客觀事物最簡(jiǎn)單、最基本的聯(lián)系是因果聯(lián)系,因果關(guān)系是典型的推理。原因和目的相通,目的表達(dá)未然,原因說明已然。 時(shí)間和條件表明客觀聯(lián)系的可能性,是潛在的因果關(guān)系,因而時(shí)間、條件與原因有相通之處。例如:
If you drill la hole in a metal block,the metal becomes hot.
如果你在鐵塊上鉆孔,鐵塊就會(huì)變熱。
If a neutral body gains electrons,讓will have a negative charge.
電中性的物體額外得到一些電子,就具有負(fù)電荷。
We enclose the oscillator in a box so that the light does not go away to infinity.
我們把振蕩器密封在盒子里,使光不無限外瀉。
The decision was made(in order)that peace should prevail.
下決心贏得和平。
客觀事物的因果分析是極其復(fù)雜的,不要說復(fù)雜的科學(xué)課題,就是日常生活中的因果聯(lián)系,也不是一下子能準(zhǔn)確抓住的。
例如:drill a hole并不是metal becomes hot的直接原因,只是大前提,而省略的小前提t(yī)he drill will collide with atoms of the metal and the kinetic energy imparted by the drill will cause theatoms in the metal to vibrate faster才是直接的原因。在用語言文字表達(dá)思想時(shí),為了表達(dá)得經(jīng)濟(jì)與簡(jiǎn)練,常常是省略大前提或小前提或結(jié)論,因而在分析因果關(guān)系時(shí),要注意找直接的真正的原因。
有的簡(jiǎn)單句也可以是表達(dá)推理的,如:
A temperature rise results from friction.
溫度升高是摩擦的結(jié)果。
Temperature changes may cause rock to crumble.
溫度變化可能引起巖石碎裂。
To know him is to like him.
了解他就喜歡他。
這種表達(dá)推理的簡(jiǎn)單句是復(fù)合命題的緊縮形式,即用簡(jiǎn)單的形式表達(dá)復(fù)合句的內(nèi)容,上面三句的原型是:A temperature rises when(where)there is friction.
As temperature changes, rock may crumble.
If you know him, you will like him.
漢語不習(xí)慣用單句表達(dá)推理,并且有時(shí)根本不能用單句翻譯(如上面第三句),因而可譯為復(fù)句,如:
A bit of knowledge kept me from making a big mistake (when an important question was to be decided.)
我因?yàn)樯杂幸恍┲R(shí),所以避免了犯錯(cuò)。endprint