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大承氣湯聯(lián)合大黃在重癥急性胰腺炎治療中的意義

2014-08-11 14:29:16周成莉
特別健康·下半月 2014年3期
關(guān)鍵詞:大黃急性重癥胰腺炎治療

周成莉

【摘要】 目的:探討生大黃鼻飼和大承氣湯灌腸治療急性重癥胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis, SAP)的臨床療效。方法 將我院SAP住院治療的患者隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組和實(shí)驗(yàn)組,每組各68例。對(duì)照組給予西醫(yī)常規(guī)保守治療,實(shí)驗(yàn)組在對(duì)照組治療的基礎(chǔ)上,加用鼻飼生大黃和灌腸大承氣湯,觀察2組臨床療效、胃腸功能恢復(fù)時(shí)間,以及血清中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10表達(dá)情況。結(jié)果1.實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者腹痛、腹脹緩解和排氣、排便時(shí)間均顯著短于對(duì)照組,組間比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。2.治療實(shí)驗(yàn)組、對(duì)照組患者的TNF-a、IL-6水平均顯著降低,IL-10水平明顯升高,與治療前比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01,P<0.05);,治療后實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者的血清TNF-α、IL-6水平顯著低于對(duì)照組,而 IL-10的表達(dá)水平高于對(duì)照組,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 生大黃鼻飼和大承氣湯灌腸治療急性重癥胰腺炎能顯著提高療效,這可能與其拮抗血TNF-α、IL-6等炎癥因子的釋放同時(shí)促進(jìn)IL-10的表達(dá)有關(guān)。

【關(guān)鍵詞】 大承氣湯;大黃;急性重癥胰腺炎;治療

【Abstract】 Objective To explore the clinical therapeutic effect of Rhubarb by nasal feeding and Dachengqitang by enema on acute severe pancreatitis(SAP).Methods 136 cases of SAP patients were randomly divided into control group(68 cases) and experimental group(68 cases).Control group were treated with conventional Western medicine, experimental group were treated based on the use of Rhubarb by nasal feeding and Dachengqitang by enema.Two groups were observed clinical curative effect, gastrointestinal function recovery time, and serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-10 levels.Results: The experimental group in clinical curative effect is significantly better than control group, patients with abdominal pain, abdominal distension relief and exhaust, defecation time were significantly shorter than the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05).TNF-a, IL-6 levels were significantly lower, IL-10 level increased significantly after treatment in both groups, compared with before treatment differences were statistically significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01); And after treatment the level of TNF α, IL-6 in the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group, while the expression of IL-10 levels was higher than the control group(P<0.05),the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:The SAP were significantly improve though Rhubarb by nasal feeding and Dachengqitang by enema.This could relevant to antagonism the release of inflammatory factors such as TNF-αand IL-6, at the same time promote the expression of IL-10.

【Key words】 Large Chengqi Decoction ; rhubarb;SAP;treatment

【中圖分類號(hào)】R657.5+1 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】A 【文章編號(hào)】1005-0019(2014)03-0011-02

SAP是臨床上常見的消化系統(tǒng)的危急重疾病,病程發(fā)展快,短時(shí)間內(nèi)極易出現(xiàn)局部并發(fā)癥和多器官功能衰竭,從而導(dǎo)致患者死亡[1]。如何有效的減少并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生,阻斷器官衰竭在SAP病程中有重要的臨床價(jià)值。大承氣湯出自《傷寒論》,為寒下的重要方劑,在治療SAP已備受臨床的廣泛關(guān)注。本研究選取我院從2009年6月至2013年6月收治的SAP,對(duì)其進(jìn)行生大黃鼻飼和大承氣湯灌腸,旨在探討生大黃聯(lián)合大承氣湯在SAP中的治療意義。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料:選擇2009年6月~2013年6月在我院收治的確診SAP患者136例,所有患者經(jīng)病史及影像學(xué)檢查明確診斷,隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組與治療組。對(duì)照組68例,男37例,女31例,年齡21~66歲,平均(47.31±6.17)歲;實(shí)驗(yàn)組68例,男35例,女33例,年齡22~67歲,平均(48.19±6.21)歲。兩組患者年齡、性別、就診時(shí)間及急性生理慢性健康評(píng)分(APACHEⅡ評(píng)分)經(jīng)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)

1.2 臨床診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn): ①SAP診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及APACHEⅡ評(píng)分均符合中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)消化病學(xué)分會(huì)胰腺疾病學(xué)組有關(guān)重癥急性胰腺炎的臨床診斷及分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[2];②病因包括飲酒、暴飲暴食、高脂血癥、膽源性,且均在發(fā)病后48小時(shí)內(nèi)就診;③患者臨床均有上腹部或全身劇烈疼痛,腸麻痹如惡心嘔吐、腹脹、肛門不排氣、腸鳴音減弱或消失等;④腹部立臥位片及CT提示腸腔有氣液平或明顯積氣;⑤排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):合并心肺肝腎或造血系統(tǒng)嚴(yán)重原發(fā)性疾病患者;院外已經(jīng)中藥治療者;消化道穿孔等外科急腹癥患者。

1.3 方法:治療方法:兩組均按照2007年制訂的中國急性胰腺炎診治指南(草案)執(zhí)行常規(guī)西醫(yī)治療方案,包括:發(fā)病初期的禁食水、持續(xù)胃腸減壓和監(jiān)護(hù);補(bǔ)液,調(diào)節(jié)水電解質(zhì)酸堿平衡;解痙鎮(zhèn)痛;應(yīng)用生長抑素及質(zhì)子泵抑制劑;應(yīng)用血管活性物質(zhì);應(yīng)用抗生素抗感染;營養(yǎng)支持等。實(shí)驗(yàn)組在常規(guī)治療基礎(chǔ)上,給予大承氣湯灌腸和生大黃鼻飼。①大承氣湯:大黃(15克)、厚樸(15克)、 枳實(shí)(12克)、 芒硝(9克)。每天兩劑,水煎共取汁400ml,分2次注入,保留灌腸1h,持續(xù)10天。②生大黃鼻飼(生大黃15克加開水300m1浸泡0.5h,每天鼻飼3次,每次100m,持續(xù)10天。

1.4 觀察指標(biāo):①主要臨床癥狀和體征:腹脹腹痛緩解時(shí)間(以患者人院后自覺無腹痛、腹脹或腹脹減輕,腹圍減少3cm為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)),腸鳴音恢復(fù)時(shí)間,首次排便時(shí)間、腹腔壓力開始下降時(shí)間(經(jīng)膀胱測壓)。并發(fā)癥、死亡病例及平均住院天數(shù)。②治療前后抽血化驗(yàn)淀粉酶、c反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP),留尿測尿淀粉酶。③治療前后,采用酶聯(lián)免疫測定(ELISA)試劑盒分別檢測患者血清中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10的含量,操作均嚴(yán)格按照說明書進(jìn)行。

1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理:采用spss16.0處理,計(jì)量資料用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,組間比較采用單因素方差分析,計(jì)數(shù)資料采用x2 檢驗(yàn),P<0.5認(rèn)為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 臨床癥狀和體征比較:實(shí)驗(yàn)組腹脹腹痛緩解時(shí)間,腸鳴音恢復(fù)時(shí)間,首次排便時(shí)間、腹腔壓力開始下降時(shí)間均明顯低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。實(shí)驗(yàn)組并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率與平均住院天數(shù)均少于對(duì)照組,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),而治療組與對(duì)照組死亡率比較(P>0.05),差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(見表1)。

3 討論

SAP是胰酶過度激活后,大量的胰酶外滲引起的自身消化胰腺及其周圍組織,最終導(dǎo)致胰腺組織損傷壞死,在組織損傷過程中,網(wǎng)狀內(nèi)皮系統(tǒng)會(huì)釋放大量的炎性介質(zhì)和細(xì)胞因子,從而打破胰腺周圍組織微環(huán)境的平衡,引起人體多器官功能不全或衰竭,甚至導(dǎo)致患者死亡[3]。因此如何更有效的抑制胰腺分泌,緩解胰腺組織的自身消化,抑制炎癥反應(yīng),改善胰腺周圍組織微循環(huán),促進(jìn)腸蠕動(dòng)功能的恢復(fù),對(duì)SAP的治療具有重要的意義。而中醫(yī)學(xué)認(rèn)為SAP主要為中焦?jié)駸崽N(yùn)阻,氣滯血瘀,腑氣不通,不通則痛,因此宜攻下通里、清熱解毒[4]。大承氣湯來源于《傷寒論》,由大黃、厚樸、 枳實(shí)、 芒硝組成,具有通里攻下、疏肝利膽、清熱解毒之功效[5]?,F(xiàn)代研究顯示,生大黃能夠抑制胰酶過度分泌,減少炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤和炎癥細(xì)胞因子的釋放[6]。本實(shí)驗(yàn)中,連續(xù)10天生大黃鼻飼和大承氣湯灌腸后,與對(duì)照組相比,實(shí)驗(yàn)組腹脹腹痛緩解時(shí)間,腸鳴音恢復(fù)時(shí)間,首次排便時(shí)間、腹腔壓力開始下降時(shí)間均明顯縮短,血、尿淀粉酶、CRP含量也明顯低于對(duì)照組,能明顯地降低患者的感染率和并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生,縮短住院時(shí)間。這可能其能夠減少炎癥細(xì)胞因子的表達(dá),改善患者機(jī)體的免疫能力,進(jìn)而減輕患者的感染有關(guān)。

Fatima G等[7]發(fā)現(xiàn) IL-6可引起炎性反應(yīng)急性發(fā)作的同時(shí)促進(jìn)多種免疫細(xì)胞的分化和活化。Ho YP[8]等研究證明, TNF-α與細(xì)胞表面受體結(jié)合后,可激活一系列連鎖反應(yīng),在炎癥反應(yīng)、細(xì)胞增殖和凋亡過程中發(fā)揮作用,最終引起組織損傷。Chen HQ等[9]研究發(fā)現(xiàn):急性炎癥發(fā)生時(shí),體內(nèi)IL-10的表達(dá)相對(duì)缺乏,可能引起體內(nèi)的抗炎失效,臨床上表現(xiàn)為全身炎癥反應(yīng)綜合征,導(dǎo)致患者出現(xiàn)腎衰及多器官功能衰竭,導(dǎo)致患者死亡。Wang H等[10]發(fā)現(xiàn),IL-10能在抑制炎癥細(xì)胞的黏附、浸潤的同時(shí)抑制促炎炎癥細(xì)胞因子的合成與分泌。本實(shí)驗(yàn)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)生大黃鼻飼和大承氣湯灌腸能下調(diào)促炎細(xì)胞因子TNF-α和IL-6,上調(diào)抗炎細(xì)胞因子IL-10的產(chǎn)生,從而阻斷機(jī)體的炎性反應(yīng)過程,促使患者體內(nèi)的免疫微環(huán)境恢復(fù)到平衡狀態(tài),減輕組織損傷。因此,生大黃鼻飼和大承氣湯灌腸可能是通過抑制促炎細(xì)胞因子聯(lián)合促進(jìn)抗炎細(xì)胞因子的合成及過度釋放來保護(hù)腸道功能,避免組織器官進(jìn)一步損傷。

絲裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated proteinkinase,MAPK)信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)通路能激活多種細(xì)胞因子使其表達(dá)增加,從而在炎癥、應(yīng)激反應(yīng)等領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮著重要的調(diào)控作用。Hen等[11]研究表明,在急性胰腺炎大鼠模型中,p38MAPK和細(xì)胞因子表達(dá)量在胰腺組織中明顯升高,而抑制p38 MAPK的活化,可減少大鼠模型中炎癥細(xì)胞因子TNF-α、IL-1β釋放。張賀等[12]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)大承氣湯能抑制膿毒癥大鼠肝組織p38 MAPK信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路,降低TNF-α、IL-6的濃度,起到保護(hù)肝組織的作用。因此,我們推測SAP患者中,TNF-α和IL-6的表達(dá)下調(diào),可能是通過p38MAPK信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)通路來完成的。

參考文獻(xiàn)

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[3] Charbonney E, Nathens AB.Severe Acute Panereatltis:a review[J].Surgical.Infections,2008.9(6):573-578

[4] 曹萍,鐘萬鍔.大承氣湯聯(lián)合芒硝輔助治療急性重癥胰腺炎臨床觀察[J].中國中醫(yī)急癥.2012,21(6):997-998

[5] 楊桐.中西醫(yī)結(jié)合治療急性重癥胰腺炎45例[J].中國中醫(yī)急癥,2010,19(6):1033-1034

[6] 陳德昌,景炳文,楊興易.大黃對(duì)危重癥患者胃腸道的保護(hù)作用[J].中國危重病急救醫(yī)學(xué),2000,12(2):87-88

[7] Fatima G, Mahdi AA, Das SK.Lack of Circadian Pattern of Serum TNF-α and IL-6 in Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome.Indian J Clin Biochem.2012 Oct;27(4):340-3

[8] Ho YP,Chiu CT, Sheen IS.Tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-10 contribute to immunoparalysis in patients with acute pancreatitis[J].Hum Immunol.2011 Jan;72(1):18-23

[9] Chen HQ, Tan HY, Yang YW, Qiu L, Liu XQ.Effects of ramipril on serum monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, interleukin-18, and interleukin-10 in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome.[J].Heart Vessels.2010 Mar;25(2):77-81

[10] Wang H, Zheng H, Zhao Z, Chen P.Effect of Chaihu Shihuang soup on blood serum level TNF, IL-6 and IL-10 of severe acute pancratitis (SAP)[J].Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi.2009 Jun;34(12):1582-4

[11] Chen P,Zhang Y,Qiao M,eta1.Activated protein C,an anticoagulant polypeptide, ameliorates severe acute pancreatitis via regulation of mitogen-activated proteinkinases[J].Gastroenterol,2007,42:887

[12] 張賀,張慧研.大承氣湯對(duì)膿毒癥大鼠p38MAK信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路的影響.中國急救醫(yī)學(xué).2012,32(7):616-618

[3] Charbonney E, Nathens AB.Severe Acute Panereatltis:a review[J].Surgical.Infections,2008.9(6):573-578

[4] 曹萍,鐘萬鍔.大承氣湯聯(lián)合芒硝輔助治療急性重癥胰腺炎臨床觀察[J].中國中醫(yī)急癥.2012,21(6):997-998

[5] 楊桐.中西醫(yī)結(jié)合治療急性重癥胰腺炎45例[J].中國中醫(yī)急癥,2010,19(6):1033-1034

[6] 陳德昌,景炳文,楊興易.大黃對(duì)危重癥患者胃腸道的保護(hù)作用[J].中國危重病急救醫(yī)學(xué),2000,12(2):87-88

[7] Fatima G, Mahdi AA, Das SK.Lack of Circadian Pattern of Serum TNF-α and IL-6 in Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome.Indian J Clin Biochem.2012 Oct;27(4):340-3

[8] Ho YP,Chiu CT, Sheen IS.Tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-10 contribute to immunoparalysis in patients with acute pancreatitis[J].Hum Immunol.2011 Jan;72(1):18-23

[9] Chen HQ, Tan HY, Yang YW, Qiu L, Liu XQ.Effects of ramipril on serum monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, interleukin-18, and interleukin-10 in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome.[J].Heart Vessels.2010 Mar;25(2):77-81

[10] Wang H, Zheng H, Zhao Z, Chen P.Effect of Chaihu Shihuang soup on blood serum level TNF, IL-6 and IL-10 of severe acute pancratitis (SAP)[J].Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi.2009 Jun;34(12):1582-4

[11] Chen P,Zhang Y,Qiao M,eta1.Activated protein C,an anticoagulant polypeptide, ameliorates severe acute pancreatitis via regulation of mitogen-activated proteinkinases[J].Gastroenterol,2007,42:887

[12] 張賀,張慧研.大承氣湯對(duì)膿毒癥大鼠p38MAK信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路的影響.中國急救醫(yī)學(xué).2012,32(7):616-618

[3] Charbonney E, Nathens AB.Severe Acute Panereatltis:a review[J].Surgical.Infections,2008.9(6):573-578

[4] 曹萍,鐘萬鍔.大承氣湯聯(lián)合芒硝輔助治療急性重癥胰腺炎臨床觀察[J].中國中醫(yī)急癥.2012,21(6):997-998

[5] 楊桐.中西醫(yī)結(jié)合治療急性重癥胰腺炎45例[J].中國中醫(yī)急癥,2010,19(6):1033-1034

[6] 陳德昌,景炳文,楊興易.大黃對(duì)危重癥患者胃腸道的保護(hù)作用[J].中國危重病急救醫(yī)學(xué),2000,12(2):87-88

[7] Fatima G, Mahdi AA, Das SK.Lack of Circadian Pattern of Serum TNF-α and IL-6 in Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome.Indian J Clin Biochem.2012 Oct;27(4):340-3

[8] Ho YP,Chiu CT, Sheen IS.Tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-10 contribute to immunoparalysis in patients with acute pancreatitis[J].Hum Immunol.2011 Jan;72(1):18-23

[9] Chen HQ, Tan HY, Yang YW, Qiu L, Liu XQ.Effects of ramipril on serum monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, interleukin-18, and interleukin-10 in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome.[J].Heart Vessels.2010 Mar;25(2):77-81

[10] Wang H, Zheng H, Zhao Z, Chen P.Effect of Chaihu Shihuang soup on blood serum level TNF, IL-6 and IL-10 of severe acute pancratitis (SAP)[J].Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi.2009 Jun;34(12):1582-4

[11] Chen P,Zhang Y,Qiao M,eta1.Activated protein C,an anticoagulant polypeptide, ameliorates severe acute pancreatitis via regulation of mitogen-activated proteinkinases[J].Gastroenterol,2007,42:887

[12] 張賀,張慧研.大承氣湯對(duì)膿毒癥大鼠p38MAK信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路的影響.中國急救醫(yī)學(xué).2012,32(7):616-618

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