黃雪輝 吳勇
【摘要】 目的:比較麥默通微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)與傳統(tǒng)小切口手術(shù)對(duì)乳腺良性結(jié)節(jié)患者疼痛程度及并發(fā)癥的影響。方法:回顧性分析2019年6月—2022年6月啟東市中醫(yī)院收治的108例乳腺良性結(jié)節(jié)患者的臨床資料,其中54例患者行麥默通微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)治療(觀察組),54例患者行傳統(tǒng)小切口手術(shù)治療(常規(guī)組)。兩組術(shù)后均隨訪6個(gè)月。比較兩組術(shù)中出血量、手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)后6、12、24 h疼痛情況[視覺模擬量表(VAS)評(píng)分],以及血流動(dòng)力學(xué)每搏輸出量(SV)、平均動(dòng)脈壓(MAP),統(tǒng)計(jì)并對(duì)比兩組術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況、滿意度。結(jié)果:觀察組術(shù)中出血量少于常規(guī)組(P<0.05),手術(shù)時(shí)間短于常規(guī)組(P<0.05)。兩組術(shù)后不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)間的VAS評(píng)分對(duì)比,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F時(shí)間=10.254,P=0.001);兩組VAS評(píng)分比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F組間=7.854,P=0.025),觀察組術(shù)后6、12、24 h的VAS評(píng)分均低于常規(guī)組(P<0.05);組間和時(shí)間不存在交互效應(yīng)(F交互=2.549,P=0.089)。麻醉誘導(dǎo)開始時(shí),兩組SV、MAP水平比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);術(shù)畢、術(shù)后12 h時(shí),兩組SV、MAP水平均高于麻醉誘導(dǎo)開始時(shí),但觀察組SV、MAP水平均低于常規(guī)組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率低于常規(guī)組(P<0.05)。觀察組總滿意度高于常規(guī)組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:與傳統(tǒng)小切口術(shù)應(yīng)用于乳腺良性結(jié)節(jié)相比,麥默通微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)可促進(jìn)患者康復(fù),緩解患者疼痛,對(duì)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)影響較小,降低術(shù)后并發(fā)癥,提高滿意度。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 乳腺良性結(jié)節(jié) 麥默通微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù) 術(shù)后并發(fā)癥 平均動(dòng)脈壓 血流動(dòng)力學(xué) 每搏輸出量
Comparison of the Effect of Memerton Minimally Invasive Rotory Resection and Traditional Small Incision on Pain and Complications in Patients with Benign Breast Nodules/HUANG Xuehui, WU Yong. //Medical Innovation of China, 2024, 21(03): 0-056
[Abstract] Objective: To compare the effects of Memerton minimally invasive rotory resection and traditional small-incision surgery on pain and complications in patients with benign breast nodules. Method: The clinical data of 108 patients with benign breast nodules admitted to Qidong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2019 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 54 patients were treated with Memerton minimally invasive rotory resection (the observation group) and 54 patients were treated with traditional small-incision surgery (the conventional group). Both groups were followed up for 6 months. Intraoperative blood loss, operation time, pain [visual analog scale (VAS) score] at 6, 12, 24 h after surgery, hemodynamic stroke volume (SV) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were compared between the two groups. The incidence of postoperative complications and satisfaction were statistically compared between the two groups. Result: The amount of blood loss during operation in observation group was less than that in conventional group (P<0.05), and the operation time was shorter than that in conventional group (P<0.05). The VAS scores of the two groups were compared at different time points after surgery, the difference was statistically significant (Ftime=10.254, P=0.001). The VAS scores of the two groups were significantly different (Fgroups=7.854, P=0.025), and the VAS scores of the observation group were lower than those of the conventional group at 6, 12 and 24 h after surgery (P<0.05). There was no interaction between groups and time (Finteraction=2.549, P=0.089). At the beginning of anesthesia induction, there were no significant differences in SV and MAP levels between the two groups (P>0.05). After operation and 12 h after operation, SV and MAP levels in two groups were higher than those at the beginning of anesthesia induction, but SV and MAP levels in the observation group were lower than those in the conventional group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group was lower than that in the conventional group (P<0.05). The total satisfaction of observation group was higher than that of conventional group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Compared with traditional small incision surgery for benign breast nodules, Memerton minimally invasive rotory resection can promote patient recovery, relieve pain, have less impact on hemodynamics, reduce postoperative complications, and improve satisfaction.
[Key words] Benign breast nodules Memerton minimally invasive rotory resection Postoperative complications Mean arterial pressure Hemodynamics Stroke volume
First-author's address: Department of Surgery, Qidong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qidong 226200, China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2024.03.013
乳腺的結(jié)節(jié)可分為良性與惡性結(jié)節(jié),良性結(jié)節(jié)比較多見的是乳腺纖維瘤、乳腺囊性增生癥等。對(duì)于良性病變應(yīng)進(jìn)行手術(shù)切除,避免發(fā)生惡變[1-3]。目前外科手術(shù)是唯一徹底治愈乳腺良性結(jié)節(jié)的方法[4-6]。盡管在器械、縫合材料、解剖學(xué)知識(shí)和手術(shù)細(xì)節(jié)方面已有許多改進(jìn),但因乳腺良性結(jié)節(jié)患者個(gè)體特征差異,目前仍然缺乏同樣適用于所有乳腺良性結(jié)節(jié)的手術(shù)金標(biāo)準(zhǔn),理想的乳腺良性結(jié)節(jié)手術(shù)應(yīng)該對(duì)患者的疼痛影響較小,并且術(shù)后并發(fā)癥少。目前臨床治療乳腺良性結(jié)節(jié)術(shù)式眾多,包括傳統(tǒng)小切口、麥默通微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)等[7-8]。傳統(tǒng)小切口手術(shù)是治療乳腺良性結(jié)節(jié)最長(zhǎng)久的技術(shù)之一,具有切口小、不留瘢痕等優(yōu)勢(shì),但仍會(huì)對(duì)機(jī)體造成一定的損傷,術(shù)后會(huì)出現(xiàn)一系列并發(fā)癥[9]。近年來,國(guó)內(nèi)外較多學(xué)者對(duì)傳統(tǒng)小切口手術(shù)加以改良,麥默通微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)通過超聲立體定位引導(dǎo),完成旋切乳房治療,效果較好[10]。關(guān)于麥默通微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)與傳統(tǒng)小切口術(shù)應(yīng)用于乳腺良性結(jié)節(jié)的臨床療效、疼痛情況及血流動(dòng)力學(xué)對(duì)比尚需做出研究,筆者選取啟東市中醫(yī)院54例接受麥默通微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)式及54例傳統(tǒng)小切口術(shù)式的患者作為研究對(duì)象并對(duì)治療效果進(jìn)行回顧性對(duì)比分析,旨在評(píng)估兩種術(shù)式的療效,以便為臨床選擇合適的乳腺良性結(jié)節(jié)術(shù)式提供參考。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
回顧2019年6月—2022年6月本院收治的108例乳腺良性結(jié)節(jié)患者的資料,納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)符合文獻(xiàn)[11]《乳腺良性結(jié)節(jié)專家共識(shí)》中乳腺良性結(jié)節(jié)診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn);(2)首次行乳腺良性結(jié)節(jié)手術(shù);(3)均為女性。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)意識(shí)不清晰;(2)合并惡性腫瘤;(3)資料不全;(4)精神疾病;(5)自然失訪。其中54例行麥默通微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)治療記為觀察組,54例行傳統(tǒng)小切口手術(shù)治療記為常規(guī)組。本研究經(jīng)啟東市中醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 觀察組 行麥默通微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)。影像檢查乳腺結(jié)節(jié)位置、數(shù)量等,標(biāo)記?;颊呷?cè)臥位,超聲核對(duì)乳腺結(jié)節(jié)位置。超聲引導(dǎo)下,使用9號(hào)腰穿長(zhǎng)針頭將1%利多卡因注入穿刺創(chuàng)道、定位結(jié)節(jié)下方。經(jīng)穿刺點(diǎn)做一切口,長(zhǎng)約0.5 cm,將預(yù)先消毒過的麥默通旋切刀順著局部麻醉針道插入乳腺結(jié)節(jié)深面,調(diào)整旋切刀方向,使其刀槽對(duì)準(zhǔn)結(jié)節(jié),進(jìn)行多次旋切,無結(jié)節(jié)回聲后,扇形旋切殘腔周圍,無結(jié)節(jié)殘留,真空抽吸清除殘腔滲血。完成手術(shù)操作后,局部按壓10 min,無滲血后,加壓包扎。
1.2.2 常規(guī)組 行傳統(tǒng)小切口手術(shù)。術(shù)前操作見觀察組。經(jīng)乳暈周圍乳腺結(jié)節(jié)位置取手術(shù)切口,長(zhǎng)度約2.5 cm,形狀為弧形,不超過結(jié)節(jié)1/2。依次切開皮膚、腺體,分離皮瓣,保證切除的徹底性。修復(fù)皮下腺體,縫合切口,使用生物蛋白膠進(jìn)行封閉,加壓包扎。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)及評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
1.3.1 手術(shù)情況 比較兩組術(shù)中出血量、手術(shù)時(shí)間。
1.3.2 疼痛情況 分別在患者術(shù)后6、12、24 h,靜息時(shí)用視覺模擬量表(VAS)評(píng)分評(píng)估疼痛狀況,其中0分無痛,1~3分輕度,4~6分中度,7~10分重度,得分越高代表疼痛癥狀越明顯[12]。
1.3.3 血流動(dòng)力學(xué)情況 于麻醉誘導(dǎo)開始、術(shù)畢、術(shù)后12 h,采用超聲心排量監(jiān)測(cè)儀監(jiān)測(cè)患者每搏輸出量(SV)、平均動(dòng)脈壓(MAP)。
1.3.4 并發(fā)癥情況 統(tǒng)計(jì)術(shù)后6個(gè)月內(nèi)患者感染、乳房?jī)?nèi)出血、病灶殘留、血腫形成等并發(fā)癥情況。
1.3.5 滿意度情況 根據(jù)紐卡斯?fàn)枬M意度量表(NSNS)調(diào)查患者對(duì)護(hù)理滿意程度,分為滿意、一般滿意及不滿意,分別為5、3、1分,共19道題,滿分為95分,19~55分為不滿意,56~75分為一般滿意,76~95分為滿意。分值越高,患者對(duì)護(hù)理越滿意[13]。總滿意=滿意+一般滿意。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
采用SPSS 18.0分析所得數(shù)據(jù),計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,比較采用t檢驗(yàn)或重復(fù)測(cè)量方差分析;計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,比較采用字2檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組基線資料比較
兩組基線資料比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性,見表1。
2.2 兩組手術(shù)情況比較
觀察組術(shù)中出血量少于常規(guī)組,手術(shù)時(shí)間短于常規(guī)組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表2。
2.3 兩組疼痛情況(VAS評(píng)分)比較
兩組不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)間的VAS評(píng)分對(duì)比,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F時(shí)間=10.254,P=0.001);兩組的VAS評(píng)分,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F組間=7.854,P=0.025),觀察組術(shù)后6、12、24 h的VAS評(píng)分低于常規(guī)組(P<0.05);組間和時(shí)間不存在交互效應(yīng)(F交互=2.549,P=0.089)。見表3。
2.4 兩組血流動(dòng)力學(xué)指標(biāo)比較
術(shù)畢、術(shù)后12 h時(shí),兩組SV、MAP水平均高于麻醉誘導(dǎo)開始時(shí),但觀察組SV、MAP水平均低于常規(guī)組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表4。
2.5 兩組并發(fā)癥情況比較
觀察組術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率低于常規(guī)組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(字2=4.285,P=0.038),見表5。
2.6 兩組滿意度比較
觀察組總滿意度高于常規(guī)組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(字2=5.173,P=0.023),見表6。
3 討論
乳腺是腺體器官,與甲狀腺、胰腺一樣,都是由腺上皮細(xì)胞構(gòu)成[13]。如果腺上皮細(xì)胞形態(tài)和功能發(fā)生變化,不再具有原來乳腺上皮細(xì)胞的形態(tài)和功能而發(fā)生惡變,甚至出現(xiàn)不能停止、無法被控制的增生,出現(xiàn)乳腺良性結(jié)節(jié)。因此,乳腺良性結(jié)節(jié)本身在早期時(shí)患者沒有明顯癥狀,一般是通過B超或者鉬靶片或者通過醫(yī)生觸診檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)[14]。針對(duì)乳腺良性結(jié)節(jié)的傳統(tǒng)小切口修復(fù)技術(shù)因操作簡(jiǎn)單、可重復(fù)性高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)被世界范圍內(nèi)廣泛接受。麥默通微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)通過各途徑改善血供不足的問題,使術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率下降[15]。但目前尚缺乏麥默通微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)與傳統(tǒng)小切口術(shù)應(yīng)用于乳腺良性結(jié)節(jié)的有效性和安全性的對(duì)比報(bào)道。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),觀察組術(shù)中出血量少于常規(guī)組,手術(shù)時(shí)間短于常規(guī)組,觀察組術(shù)后6、12、24 h的VAS評(píng)分均低于常規(guī)組,提示與傳統(tǒng)小切口術(shù)應(yīng)用于乳腺良性結(jié)節(jié)相比,麥默通微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)可促進(jìn)患者康復(fù),緩解患者疼痛。麥默通微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)使用統(tǒng)一的旋切針,而小切口傳統(tǒng)手術(shù)需考慮患者乳腺結(jié)節(jié)大小及其在腺體層中的位置等因素,故切口長(zhǎng)度較觀察組長(zhǎng)。研究指出,麥默通微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)術(shù)中B超定位準(zhǔn)確后,5~10 min即可完整切除單個(gè)觸診陰性的乳腺結(jié)節(jié)[16]。而小切口傳統(tǒng)手術(shù)需按開放手術(shù)步驟,尋找腫塊,導(dǎo)致手術(shù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)于麥默通微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)[17]。因此麥默通微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)較小切口傳統(tǒng)手術(shù)具有手術(shù)切口小、手術(shù)時(shí)間短等優(yōu)勢(shì)。本研究中,術(shù)畢、術(shù)后12 h時(shí),兩組SV、MAP水平均高于麻醉誘導(dǎo)開始時(shí),但觀察組SV、MAP水平均低于常規(guī)組,觀察組術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率低于常規(guī)組,提示與傳統(tǒng)小切口術(shù)應(yīng)用于乳腺良性結(jié)節(jié)相比,麥默通微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)對(duì)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)影響較小,降低術(shù)后并發(fā)癥。超聲引導(dǎo)下麥默通微創(chuàng)手術(shù)具有定位精確、創(chuàng)傷小,保留乳腺良性結(jié)節(jié)患者機(jī)體完整性,可大幅度減小血腫形成發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn),降低乳房?jī)?nèi)出血發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[18]。研究認(rèn)為,麥默通微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)后病灶殘留可能性較大,向殘腔注射生理鹽水可發(fā)現(xiàn)微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)后有無腫塊殘留[19-20]。因此麥默通微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)對(duì)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)影響較小,降低術(shù)后并發(fā)癥。本研究,觀察組總滿意度高于常規(guī)組,提示麥默通微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)后可提高患者滿意度。麥默通微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)后切口給予加棉墊彈性胸腹帶加壓包扎2 d,包扎松緊度適宜,避免過緊出現(xiàn)呼吸困難和胸悶,囑咐患者通過轉(zhuǎn)移注意力和聽音樂減輕患者疼痛和焦慮,提高患者滿意度。
綜上所述,與傳統(tǒng)小切口術(shù)應(yīng)用于乳腺良性結(jié)節(jié)相比,麥默通微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)可促進(jìn)患者康復(fù),緩解患者疼痛,對(duì)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)影響較小,降低術(shù)后并發(fā)癥,提高滿意度。遠(yuǎn)期療效尚需進(jìn)一步積累多中心病例和更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的隨訪觀察。
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(收稿日期:2023-06-15) (本文編輯:何玉勤)