李利菊 朱麗 徐有祖
[摘要] 目的 探討耳穴壓豆對(duì)晚期肺癌患者疼痛程度、睡眠質(zhì)量及體力狀況的影響。 方法 選取2016年7月~2018年12月在我院門診或住院治療的晚期肺癌患者94例,隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組和干預(yù)組兩組,各47例。對(duì)照組給予常規(guī)干預(yù)措施,干預(yù)組在對(duì)照組常規(guī)干預(yù)措施基礎(chǔ)上加耳穴壓豆治療。兩組均干預(yù)12周。評(píng)估比較兩組干預(yù)前和干預(yù)12周后疼痛程度、睡眠障礙改善及體力狀況的情況。 結(jié)果 兩組BPI-C評(píng)分和PSQI評(píng)分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)較前顯著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),且干預(yù)組降低幅度更顯著(P<0.05);同時(shí)兩組KPS評(píng)分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)較前顯著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),且干預(yù)組升高幅度更顯著(P<0.05)。 結(jié)論 耳穴壓豆可降低晚期肺癌患者疼痛程度,改善其睡眠質(zhì)量,提高其體力狀況。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 晚期肺癌;耳穴壓豆;疼痛程度;睡眠質(zhì)量;體力狀況
[中圖分類號(hào)] R248.9 ? ? ? ? ?[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] B ? ? ? ? ?[文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2020)24-0092-04
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of auricular pressure beans on pain degree, sleep quality and physical strength status in patients with advanced lung cancer. Methods Ninety-four patients with advanced lung cancer who were admitted to our hospital from July 2016 to December 2018 were randomly divided into two groups, with 47 cases in each group. The control group received routine interventions, and the intervention group was treated with auricular pressure beans on the basis of routine interventions in the control group. Both groups were treated for 12 weeks. The pain degree,sleep disorder improvement and physical strength condition of the two groups before and 12 weeks after the intervention were evaluated and compared. Results The BPI-C scores and PSQI scores of the two groups were significantly lower than those before(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the reduction of the intervention group was more significant than that of the control group(P<0.05). At the same time,the KPS scores of the two groups were significantly higher than before(P<0.05 or P<0.01). And the increase in the intervention group was more significant than that in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Auricular pressure beans can reduce the pain degree of patients with advanced lung cancer, improve their sleep quality and improve their physical strength.
[Key words] Advanced lung cancer; Auricular pressure beans; Pain degree; Sleep quality; Physical strength condition
肺癌是一種發(fā)生于肺部的惡性腫瘤,其臨床發(fā)病率和死亡率均較高,對(duì)患者的身體健康造成了較大的威脅[1,2]。疼痛是肺癌晚期最常見、最痛苦的癥狀之一,且疼痛以中重度為主,較難忍受,且癥狀持續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng),不易緩解,對(duì)患者正常的生理活動(dòng)和心理活動(dòng)造成嚴(yán)重影響,使得其睡眠質(zhì)量顯著下降,影響其體力狀況,導(dǎo)致免疫功能低下[3,4]。臨床上常采用西藥治療晚期肺癌疼痛和睡眠障礙,雖有一定的臨床效果,但不良反應(yīng)較明顯[5,6]。耳穴壓豆是在耳針療法的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來的一種中醫(yī)外治方法,但用于晚期肺癌探討睡眠障礙目前國內(nèi)報(bào)道較少[7,8]。本研究分析了耳穴壓豆對(duì)晚期肺癌患者疼痛、睡眠質(zhì)量和體力狀況的影響,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取2016年7月~2018年12月在我院門診或住院治療的晚期肺癌患者94例。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[9]:(1)符合2015年制定肺癌的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[10],均經(jīng)影像和病理學(xué)檢查證實(shí)TNM分期為Ⅲ~Ⅳ期;(3)年齡18~80歲,預(yù)計(jì)生存期>12周。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[11]:(1)合并其他惡性腫瘤及影響睡眠疾病者;(2)以往有神經(jīng)及精神類疾病者;(3)文盲、認(rèn)知功能障礙和交流溝通障礙者。采用拋硬幣法將患者分為干預(yù)組與對(duì)照組各47例。兩組一般情況比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。見表1。
1.2 方法
對(duì)照組予健康宣教、心理干預(yù)、運(yùn)動(dòng)飲食指導(dǎo)和用藥干預(yù)等常規(guī)干預(yù)措施。干預(yù)組在對(duì)照組常規(guī)干預(yù)措施基礎(chǔ)上加耳穴壓豆治療,選穴位:神門、交感、皮質(zhì)下、枕。選定穴位后,先用探棒進(jìn)行耳穴探查,找出陽性反應(yīng)點(diǎn),然后局部用75%酒精消毒耳廓、待干,將粘有王不留行籽膠布貼于穴位上,然后用拇指和食指的指腹進(jìn)行按壓,力度中等以患者能耐受的酸麻、脹痛為宜,每穴持續(xù)約2 min/次,按壓5次/d,2 d更換,兩耳交替輪換。兩組干預(yù)12周。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
評(píng)估比較兩組干預(yù)前和干預(yù)12周后疼痛程度、睡眠障礙改善及體力狀況的情況。
1.3.1 疼痛程度評(píng)價(jià) ?采用中文版簡(jiǎn)明疼痛量表(Chinese version of the brief pain inventory,BPI-C)進(jìn)行癌性疼痛的評(píng)價(jià)[12],評(píng)分0~10分,其中0分為無痛,隨著疼痛加重BPI-C分值逐步上升,10分為劇痛, BPI-C分?jǐn)?shù)越高表示疼痛程度越明顯。
1.3.2 睡眠狀況評(píng)價(jià) ?采用匹茲堡睡眠質(zhì)量指數(shù)量表(Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)評(píng)價(jià)[13],包括睡眠障礙、入睡時(shí)間、睡眠效率、睡眠質(zhì)量、日間功能障礙、睡眠時(shí)間和催眠藥物共7項(xiàng)內(nèi)容,總分21分,分?jǐn)?shù)越高表示睡眠質(zhì)量程度越差。
1.3.3 體力狀況的評(píng)估 ?采用卡氏(Karnofsky,KPS)功能狀態(tài)進(jìn)行體力狀況的評(píng)估[14],主要根據(jù)是否正?;顒?dòng)、病情及生活自理能力進(jìn)行評(píng)估,評(píng)分0~100分,分?jǐn)?shù)越高表示體力狀況越好。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
采用SPSS20.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行分析,計(jì)量資料以(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料以[n(%)]表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1兩組BPI-C評(píng)分比較
干預(yù)前兩組BPI-C評(píng)分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);干預(yù)12周后,兩組BPI-C評(píng)分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)較前顯著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),且干預(yù)組降低幅度較對(duì)照組更顯著(P<0.05)。見表2。
2.2 兩組PSQI評(píng)分比較
干預(yù)前兩組PSQI評(píng)分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);干預(yù)12周后,兩組PSQI評(píng)分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)較前顯著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),且干預(yù)組降低幅度較對(duì)照組更顯著(P<0.05)。見表3。
2.3 兩組KPS評(píng)分比較
干預(yù)前兩組KPS評(píng)分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);干預(yù)12周后,兩組KPS評(píng)分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)較前顯著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),且干預(yù)組升高幅度較對(duì)照組更顯著(P<0.05)。見表4。
3討論
睡眠是人體自我保護(hù)性的正常生理過程,是人體能量恢復(fù)和積累的階段,對(duì)于維持生命和加快疾病康復(fù)意義重大。癌性疼痛是晚期肺癌常見的臨床癥狀,且多數(shù)癌痛患者均存在睡眠障礙,其主要原因是疼痛困擾,其癌痛常為劇烈而持續(xù)的疼痛,不僅會(huì)給患者帶來巨大的心理和精神壓力,加之肺癌患者本身所產(chǎn)生的焦慮、抑郁等不良情緒影響下極易導(dǎo)致肺癌患者睡眠平衡失調(diào),易引發(fā)失眠癥狀[15-17]。目前研究已證實(shí)嚴(yán)重的睡眠障礙不僅給患者的心理與身體造成嚴(yán)重影響,引起患者免疫力和抵抗力顯著下降,影響臨床治療效果,使得預(yù)后不良,而且可影響內(nèi)源性阿片及阿片受體的合成,降低疼痛閾值,增加身體對(duì)疼痛的敏感度[18-20]。因此,晚期肺癌疼痛與睡眠障礙是一個(gè)相互作用的惡性循環(huán),不利于患者病情康復(fù),如不能及時(shí)控制肺癌疼痛與睡眠障礙這一惡性循環(huán),其結(jié)果常使晚期肺癌患者在短時(shí)期內(nèi)體力狀況明顯下降,免疫力及抵抗力下降,最后引起全身臟器衰竭而死亡[21,22]。故在晚期肺癌疼痛的治療中,除予以積極有效的鎮(zhèn)痛治療外,還應(yīng)關(guān)注患者睡眠質(zhì)量,對(duì)睡眠障礙患者予以合適的治療[23,24]。
中醫(yī)認(rèn)為“耳者,宗筋之所聚也”,“十二經(jīng)脈上結(jié)于耳”。全身經(jīng)脈與臟器皆與人耳聯(lián)系,耳部存在于人體臟器相應(yīng)的反射區(qū)域。臟腑經(jīng)絡(luò)的失調(diào)反應(yīng)于耳,刺激與臟腑對(duì)應(yīng)的耳穴可對(duì)臟腑經(jīng)絡(luò)的失調(diào)產(chǎn)生治療作用。耳穴壓豆通常采用王不留行籽來刺激耳廓中的相應(yīng)穴位,經(jīng)感覺傳遞器匯集到三叉神經(jīng)脊束核,并經(jīng)脊束核傳遞至腦干網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)的神經(jīng)元,抑制原有的病理性傳入沖動(dòng),逐漸恢復(fù)正常的生理調(diào)節(jié)。耳穴壓豆根據(jù)中醫(yī)臟腑經(jīng)絡(luò)理論刺激人耳上相應(yīng)的穴位,能疏通人體經(jīng)絡(luò)、刺激穴位、運(yùn)行氣血、循行經(jīng)脈,進(jìn)而使患者體內(nèi)陰陽平衡,從而達(dá)到治療目的[25]?,F(xiàn)代研究發(fā)現(xiàn)刺激神門可調(diào)動(dòng)機(jī)體內(nèi)源性鎮(zhèn)痛機(jī)制起止痛作用;刺激神門、枕等耳穴起鎮(zhèn)靜、安神作用,可緩解或消除其焦慮、緊張等情緒反應(yīng),提高對(duì)疼痛的耐受力;刺激交感穴可調(diào)節(jié)植物神經(jīng)功能,起解痙鎮(zhèn)痛作用[26-28]。本研究示干預(yù)12周后,干預(yù)組BPI-C評(píng)分及PSQI評(píng)分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)降低幅度與對(duì)照組治療后比較更顯著,且KPS評(píng)分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)升高幅度亦與對(duì)照組治療后比較更顯著。提示耳穴壓豆可降低晚期肺癌患者疼痛程度,改善其睡眠障礙,提高其體力狀況。推測(cè)耳穴壓豆通過鎮(zhèn)靜安神止痛作用可減輕應(yīng)激反應(yīng),促使患者身心和精神恢復(fù)平衡,降低大腦皮層的活躍度,促進(jìn)患者入睡和改善失眠;而睡眠質(zhì)量的改善可刺激患者垂體腺分泌釋放β-內(nèi)啡肽,興奮中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng),緩解患者心理緊張狀態(tài),改善患者疼痛癥狀,減輕患者的痛苦。隨著患者的睡眠質(zhì)量的改善和疼痛程度的緩解,體力狀況亦較前明顯好轉(zhuǎn),三者互相影響形成了良性循環(huán),從而改善預(yù)后[29-31]。
總之,耳穴壓豆可降低晚期肺癌患者疼痛程度,改善其睡眠質(zhì)量,提高其體力狀況。耳穴壓豆具有經(jīng)濟(jì)簡(jiǎn)便、無依賴性、生理干擾少、無時(shí)間限制等特點(diǎn)。但納入本研究的樣本例數(shù)和干預(yù)時(shí)間較短,存在不足之處,今后將繼續(xù)增加納入的病例樣本數(shù)及增加干預(yù)時(shí)間進(jìn)行深入研究。
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(收稿日期:2019-08-22)