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健骨方預防椎體成形術(shù)后再發(fā)骨折的療效觀察

2020-05-06 09:06張偉李偉田峰張志強朱先龍
中國醫(yī)學創(chuàng)新 2020年2期
關(guān)鍵詞:椎體成形術(shù)

張偉 李偉 田峰 張志強 朱先龍

【摘要】 目的:觀察北京市懷柔區(qū)中醫(yī)醫(yī)院院內(nèi)制劑健骨方對骨質(zhì)疏松性椎體壓縮骨折椎體成形術(shù)后再發(fā)骨折的預防效果。方法:選取2015年1月-2016年1月本院收治的單一椎體壓縮骨折患者116例,隨機將患者分為觀察組和對照組,每組58例。對照組予經(jīng)皮椎體后凸成形術(shù)治療,觀察組予經(jīng)皮椎體后凸成形術(shù)治療后結(jié)合健骨方加減治療。對兩組患者進行為期2年的隨訪,分別于術(shù)后1周、1年、2年對患者進行骨密度(BMD)檢測,通過Oswestry功能障礙指數(shù)問卷表(ODI)評估功能障礙,WHO疼痛緩解程度標準評估治療效果,對疼痛復發(fā)加重的患者,應用MRI檢查確診是否再發(fā)骨折。結(jié)果:最終納入統(tǒng)計的患者111例,其中觀察組56例、對照組55例。觀察組患者術(shù)后1周、1年、2年的治療總有效率雖均高于對照組,但差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。術(shù)后1、2年,對照組腰椎、髖部骨密度值均低于觀察組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。術(shù)后2年,觀察組再發(fā)骨折例數(shù)少于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。術(shù)后1年,觀察組的日常生活自理能力、提物、疼痛評分均優(yōu)于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);術(shù)后2年,觀察組的日常生活自理能力、提物、睡眠、社會活動、旅行、疼痛評分均優(yōu)于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:骨質(zhì)疏松性椎體壓縮骨折椎體成形術(shù)手術(shù)效果肯定,北京市懷柔區(qū)中醫(yī)醫(yī)院骨科院內(nèi)制劑健骨方具有改善骨質(zhì)疏松,降低椎體再發(fā)骨折的作用,可明顯改善患者術(shù)后的遠期功能。

【關(guān)鍵詞】 椎體壓縮骨折 椎體成形術(shù) 健骨方

The Effect of Jiangu Formula on Prevention of Recurrent Fracture after Vertebroplasty/ZHANG Wei, LI Wei, TIAN Feng, ZHANG Zhiqiang, ZHU Xianlong. //Medical Innovation of China, 2020, 17(02): 005-009

[Abstract] Objective: To observe the preventive effect of Jiangu Formula in the Huairou District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine on the recurrent fracture after vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture. Method: From January 2015 to January 2016, 116 patients with a single vertebal compression fracture were selected, they were randomly divided into observation group and control group, 58 cases in each group. The control group was treated with percutaneous kyphoplasty, and the observation group was treated with percutaneous kyphoplasty combined with Jiangu Formula. The patients in the two groups were followed up for 2 years. The BMD of the patients were measured at 1 week, 1 year and 2 years after the operation. The dysfunction was assessed by the Oswestry Disability Index questionnaire (ODI), and the treatment effect was assessed by the WHO pain relief standard. For the patients with pain recurrence and aggravation, MRI was used to check whether there was recurrent fracture. Result: 111 patients were included in the final statistics, include 56 patients in the observation group and 55 patients in the control group. Although the total effective rate of the observation group at 1 week, 1 year and 2 years after surgery were higher than those of the control group, but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). 1 year and 2 years after operation, the BMD of lumbar vertebrae and hip in the control group were lower than those in the observation group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). 1 year after the operation, the daily self-care ability, extract and pain of the observation group were all better than those of the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05); 2 years after the operation, daily life self-care ability, extract, sleep, social activities, travel and pain in the observation group were better than those of the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusion: The effect of vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture is positive, the preparation of Jiangu Formula in the orthopedic department of Huairou District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing has the effect of improving osteoporosis and reducing the recurrence fracture of vertebral body, which can significantly improve the long-term function of patients after operation.

[Key words] Vertebral compression fracture Vertebroplasty Jiangu Formula

First-authors address: Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huairou District, Beijing 101400, China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2020.02.002

隨著我國平均壽命增加,目前老年人普遍存在骨質(zhì)疏松的情況,骨質(zhì)疏松使椎體脆性增加,胸腰段椎體是力的主要承受部位,故易發(fā)生椎體壓縮性骨折[1-3]。其臨床主要癥狀為腰背部疼痛,嚴重影響中老年人的日常生活質(zhì)量。目前經(jīng)皮球囊擴張后凸成形術(shù)(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)和經(jīng)皮椎體成形術(shù)(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)是治療骨質(zhì)疏松性椎體壓縮骨折的主要方式,創(chuàng)傷小、可迅速止痛,改善功能障礙,有效提高老年患者生活質(zhì)量[4-7]。再發(fā)骨折是術(shù)后常見并發(fā)癥,中醫(yī)藥制劑對再發(fā)骨折的預防成為中醫(yī)系統(tǒng)研究熱點,本院骨科對2015年1月-2016年1月收治的116例椎體成形術(shù)后患者進行中藥干預并隨訪研究,以期觀察健骨方對單純骨質(zhì)疏松性椎體壓縮骨折成形術(shù)后再發(fā)骨折的預防療效,現(xiàn)將研究結(jié)果報道如下。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料 抽選2015年1月-2016年1月本院收治的單一椎體壓縮骨折患者116例,納入標準:符合原發(fā)性骨質(zhì)疏松癥診斷標準;明確診斷單一椎體壓縮性骨折(MRI提示新鮮壓縮骨折);無明顯手術(shù)禁忌證。排除標準:有明確外傷病史;伴有較嚴重基礎(chǔ)疾病者。其中男10例,女106例,年齡55~89歲,平均(69.4±7.3)歲,病程3~16 d,平均(6.6±2.2)d。隨機將患者分為觀察組和對照組,各58例。觀察組:2例患者無法完成長期服用湯藥,56例入組;對照組:2例患者失訪,1例患者死亡,55例入組;最終納入統(tǒng)計111例。此次研究已得到本院倫理委員會批準,患者均簽署治療及隨訪知情同意書。

1.2 方法 (1)對照組予經(jīng)皮椎體后凸成形術(shù)治療?;颊呷「┡P位,C型臂定位患椎,局部麻醉后經(jīng)椎弓根穿刺,導管針至椎體中前1/3處,調(diào)和骨水泥后在C型臂透視下緩慢注入椎體。術(shù)畢觀察雙下肢感覺活動,術(shù)后24 h腰圍保護下地活動。(2)觀察組予經(jīng)皮椎體后凸成形術(shù)治療后結(jié)合健骨方加減治療。兩組患者術(shù)后均予健康宣教、協(xié)助指導鍛煉腰背肌肉,術(shù)后第2天下地行走復查X線片,術(shù)后第3天出院;出院后均于門診予骨化三醇、碳酸鈣等鈣劑藥物服用,觀察組患者額外服用健骨方,該方由北京市懷柔區(qū)中醫(yī)醫(yī)院骨科院內(nèi)制劑,主要組成如下:補骨脂12 g、骨碎補12 g、淫羊藿9 g、懷牛膝15 g、蛇床子6 g、桑葚15 g、黃芪30 g、杜仲15 g等。辨證加減,陰虛者加用烏梅、酒黃精、地骨皮等;血瘀者加用桃仁、紅花等。隔天服1劑,早晚分服,間隔3個月復查肝腎功,半年后停服。兩組患者均隨訪24個月。

1.3 觀察指標與評價標準 (1)比較兩組治療效果,以WHO疼痛緩解程度為評價標準。完全緩解(CR):治療后完全無痛;部分緩解(PR):疼痛較治療前明顯減輕,基本不影響睡眠,能正常生活;輕度緩解(MR):疼痛較治療前有所減輕,但仍明顯,睡眠受影響;無效(NR):治療前后疼痛程度無變化??傆行?(CR例數(shù)+PR例數(shù))/總例數(shù)×100%。(2)通過雙能X線骨密度儀檢測,比較兩組術(shù)后1周、1年、2年的腰部、雙髖部骨密度數(shù)值(BMD)。(3)比較兩組Oswestry功能障礙指數(shù)評分。Oswestry功能障礙指數(shù)量表評價內(nèi)容包括日常生活自理能力、提物、行走、坐、站立、睡眠、社會活動、旅行、疼痛程度等情況,每項內(nèi)容評分為0~5分,分數(shù)越高功能越差。(4)對疼痛復發(fā)加重的患者,應用MRI檢查確診是否再發(fā)骨折。

1.4 統(tǒng)計學處理 采用SPSS 15.0軟件對所得數(shù)據(jù)進行統(tǒng)計分析,計量資料用(x±s)表示,比較采用t檢驗;計數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,比較采用字2檢驗。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 兩組一般資料比較 兩組患者的一般資料比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),具有可比性,見表1。

2.2 兩組術(shù)后疼痛緩解效果比較 觀察組患者術(shù)后

1周、1年、2年的治療總有效率雖均高于對照組,但差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(字2=0.000、1.392、1.582,P=0.985、0.238、0.209),見表2。

2.3 兩組術(shù)后腰椎、髖部骨密度比較 兩組術(shù)后1周腰椎、髖部骨密度值比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05);術(shù)后1、2年,對照組腰椎、髖部骨密度值均低于觀察組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。見表3。

2.4 兩組術(shù)后再發(fā)骨折情況比較 術(shù)后1年,兩組再發(fā)骨折情況比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05);術(shù)后2年,觀察組再發(fā)骨折例數(shù)少于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。見表4。

2.5 兩組術(shù)后Oswestry功能障礙指數(shù)評分比較 術(shù)后1周,兩組患者在Oswestry功能障礙指數(shù)中9個方面比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05);術(shù)后1年,觀察組的日常生活自理能力、提物、疼痛評分均優(yōu)于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);術(shù)后2年,觀察組的日常生活自理能力、提物、睡眠、社會活動、旅行、疼痛評分均優(yōu)于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。見表5。

3 討論

PKP和PVP是治療骨質(zhì)疏松性胸腰椎體壓縮性骨折的主要方式之一,療效已經(jīng)得到文獻[8-11]研究證實,但隨著患者年齡增加,骨質(zhì)疏松加重,使患者再次出現(xiàn)腰背部疼痛甚至骨折,進而影響術(shù)后患者的遠期效果,所以系統(tǒng)全程的抗骨質(zhì)疏松治療才是治療疾病的根本,符合中醫(yī)理論“標本兼治”。

經(jīng)脈受損、氣機失調(diào)、血不循經(jīng)溢于脈外、離經(jīng)之血瘀滯于肌膚腠理為產(chǎn)生疼痛的主要原因[12]。經(jīng)過椎體成形術(shù)后,主要病機由血瘀氣滯轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槟I虛、脾虛有關(guān);中醫(yī)學認為“腎為先天之本,主生長發(fā)育”“腎藏精,主骨生髓”,如腎精虧損則不能滋養(yǎng)全身之骨,則骨枯髓減,導致骨痿。結(jié)合中醫(yī)基礎(chǔ)理論及現(xiàn)代藥理研究,筆者提出了治療椎體壓縮骨折術(shù)后骨質(zhì)疏松癥的主要原則為補腎壯骨、健脾益氣、活血通絡(luò),據(jù)此原則組方,研制出防治骨質(zhì)疏松癥的健骨方。該方以補骨脂補腎助陽壯骨為君藥;輔之骨碎補、淫羊藿加強其補腎壯陽之功為臣藥;同時配以黃芪補中益氣;杜仲、桑葚補益肝腎,此乃“善補陽者,必于陰中求陽”和“壯水之主,以制陽光”之意。現(xiàn)代藥物實驗研究表明,較高濃度補骨脂對分離破骨細胞性骨吸收有抑制作用,它抑制了骨吸收陷窩的增加和擴大[13]。補骨脂中的有效成分異補骨脂素能顯著促進骨髓間充質(zhì)干細胞的成骨性分化,從而起到抗骨質(zhì)疏松的作用[14]。淫羊藿可通過保護性腺、抑制骨吸收和促進骨形成等途徑,使機體骨代謝處于骨形成大于骨吸收的正平衡狀態(tài),抑制骨量丟失,防止骨質(zhì)疏松的發(fā)生[15]。

本研究結(jié)果顯示,術(shù)后1、2年,對照組腰椎、髖部骨密度值均低于觀察組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);且術(shù)后2年,對照組發(fā)生再骨折的例數(shù)明顯多于觀察組(P<0.05),這說明健骨方在治療過程中可以維持平穩(wěn)骨密度,從而降低椎體再骨折的風險。兩組患者在癥狀改善及治療總有效率方面,差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),充分肯定了PKP和PVP的手術(shù)效果。術(shù)后1年,觀察組的日常生活自理能力、提物、疼痛評分均優(yōu)于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);術(shù)后2年,觀察組的日常生活自理能力、提物、睡眠、社會活動、旅行、疼痛評分均優(yōu)于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);充分說明了中藥補腎健骨治療對骨質(zhì)疏松性胸腰椎體壓縮性骨折的具有較好的遠期療效。

綜上所述,椎體成形術(shù)是目前臨床治療骨質(zhì)疏松性椎體壓縮骨折的主要方法,健骨方能提高骨密度,降低椎體再骨折的風險,明顯改善患者術(shù)后的功能和癥狀。

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[14]丁小力,王燕,閆海珠,等.椎體成形術(shù)后鄰椎新發(fā)骨折特征與相關(guān)因素分析[J].寧夏醫(yī)學雜志,2018,40(12):1193-1195.

[15]梅治,李青,趙成毅,等.經(jīng)皮椎體成形術(shù)后非手術(shù)椎體再發(fā)骨折的危險因素分析[J].中國醫(yī)刊,2018,53(4):397-400.

(收稿日期:2019-06-26) (本文編輯:張爽)

①北京市懷柔區(qū)中醫(yī)醫(yī)院 北京 101400

通信作者:張偉

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