陳晟 王敬麗 郁晴文 張莉 徐惠琴 陶劍文 張德應(yīng) 傅華
摘 要 目的:分析348例社區(qū)老年高尿酸血癥(HUA)患者尿微量白蛋白水平及其在腎功能評估中的臨床意義。方法:以社區(qū)348例老年HUA患者為研究對象,年齡65~88歲,平均年齡(70.22±4.41)歲;其中男性232例,女性116例。比較HUA合并和未合并其他相關(guān)疾病組的尿微量白蛋白、血肌酐、胱抑素-C的水平。結(jié)果:31.6%老年HUA患者的尿微量白蛋白水平高于正常值。HUA合并和未合并其他相關(guān)疾病組之間的血清肌酐和胱抑素-C水平差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),合并疾病組患者的尿微量蛋白水平明顯高于未合并疾病組組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:社區(qū)老年HUA患者尿微量白蛋白水平控制并不理想,相比于血清肌酐和胱抑素-C,尿微量白蛋白在評估高尿酸血癥合并其他相關(guān)疾病老年患者的早期腎功能具有更重要的臨床意義。
關(guān)鍵詞 高尿酸血癥;尿微量白蛋白;老年人;腎功能;社區(qū)
中圖分類號:R589.7 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號:1006-1533(2020)24-0060-03
Analysis of urinary microalbumin level and its clinical significance in elderly patients with hyperuricemia in the community
CHEN Sheng1, WANG Jingli1, YU Qingwen2, ZHANG Li1, XU Huiqin1, TAO Jianwen3, ZHANG Deying3, FU Hua4
(1.Community Department of Dachang Community Health Service Center of Baoshan District, Shanghai 200442, China; 2.Nursing Department of Dachang Community Health Service Center of Baoshan District, Shanghai 200442, China; 3.Office of Dachang Community Health Service Center of Baoshan District, Shanghai 200442, China; 4. School of Public Health of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the level of urinary microalbumin in 348 elderly community patients with hyperuricemia(HUA) and its clinical significance in the evaluation of renal function. Methods: Three hundred and forty-eight elderly HUA patients in the community were taken as the research objects, the age was from 65 to 88 years old, and the average age was (70.22±4.41) years old; among them, 232 were males and 116 were females. The levels of urinary microalbumin, serum creatinine and cystatin-C in HUA with and without other related diseases were compared. Results: Urinary microalbumin in 31.6% of elderly HUA patients was higher than normal. There was no statistically significant difference in serum creatinine and cystatin-C between the HUA groups with and without other related diseases(P>0.05), and the urine microprotein level of patients in the combined disease group was significantly higher than that in the non-combined disease group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion: The control of urine microalbumin levels in elderly HUA patients in the community is not ideal, compared with serum creatinine and cystatin-C, urine microalbumin has more important clinical significance in evaluating the early renal function of elderly patients with HUA and other related diseases.
KEY WORDS hyperuricemia; urinary microalbumin; elderly people; renal function; community
高尿酸血癥(hyperuricemia,HUA)是嘌呤代謝障礙引起的代謝性疾病。隨著人們飲食結(jié)構(gòu)改變以及生活水平的提高,HUA的患病率逐漸升高,中國大陸的HUA患病率已高達(dá)13.3%;據(jù)此估計(jì),HUA的患病總?cè)藬?shù)已超過患糖尿病和慢性腎臟疾病的總?cè)藬?shù)[1]。血尿酸參與了很多疾病的發(fā)生、發(fā)展過程,不但引起痛風(fēng)和腎功能受損,還與多種疾病密切相關(guān)。正常情況下在尿液中蛋白的含量極低,當(dāng)腎小球發(fā)生病理性改變,尿液內(nèi)的尿微量蛋白水平則會呈現(xiàn)增加趨勢,所以尿微量蛋白指標(biāo)可反映患者早期腎功能情況[2]。本文旨在分析社區(qū)老年HUA患者的尿微量白蛋白水平及臨床相關(guān)意義。
1 對象與方法
1.1 對象
選取2019年在上海某社區(qū)管理的高尿酸血癥患者348例,年齡65~88歲,平均年齡(70.22±4.41)歲;其中男性232例,女性116例。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):居住在某社區(qū)的常住居民;年齡≥65歲;能夠進(jìn)行正常的語言溝通;愿意參加本次研究,并自愿簽署知情同意書。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):年齡<65歲;有認(rèn)知障礙、精神疾病不能配合調(diào)查者;不愿參加本次研究者。
按照是否合并相關(guān)疾病(高血壓、糖尿病/糖代謝異常、高脂血癥/血脂紊亂、冠心病/心功能不全、腦卒中、慢性腎?。┓譃閮山M,有合并疾病組315例,無合并疾病組33例,比較尿微量白蛋白、肌酐、胱抑素-C的臨床意義。兩組一般情況比較的差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05,表1),具有可比性。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 檢測指標(biāo)
患者禁食12 h后,于清晨采集空腹靜脈血樣5 ml,檢測血尿酸、肌酐、胱抑素-C;留取清潔中段尿標(biāo)本檢測尿微量白蛋白、尿常規(guī)。儀器使用日立7080全自動生化分析儀,試劑采用日本wako試劑(執(zhí)誠生物MA7774和UA7551)。
1.2.2 診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
男性和絕經(jīng)后女性血清尿酸水平>420 mmol/L(7.0 mg/dL),或絕經(jīng)前女性血清尿酸水平>348 mmol/L(5.8 mg/dL)可診斷為HUA[3]。本研究中納入女性患者均為絕經(jīng)后女性患者。尿微量白蛋白正常參考值為0~20 mg/ L。體重指數(shù)BMI≥28 kg/m2為肥胖。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
2 結(jié)果
2.1 尿微量白蛋白水平
348例社區(qū)老年HUA患者中,檢出尿微量白蛋白水平升高110例,檢出率為31.6%;其中合并疾病組104例,檢出率33.0%;未合并疾病組6例,檢出率18.2%;兩組差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(c2=3.041,P>0.05)。
2.2 尿微量白蛋白、肌酐、胱抑素C水平比較
兩組血清肌酐、胱抑素-C測量值的差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),合并疾病組患者的尿微量蛋白水平明顯高于未合并疾病組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表2。
3 討論
很多研究表明,血清尿酸水平升高與高血壓、心血管疾病、糖尿病、腎病等疾病相關(guān)[4-8]。國外的一項(xiàng)薈萃分析顯示,HUA與高血壓和冠心病有關(guān),痛風(fēng)與心肌梗塞,腦血管意外和心血管疾病死亡風(fēng)險增加有關(guān)[9]。Mortada等[10]、Li等[11]、Sirota[12]的研究表明,HUA是2型糖尿病、慢性腎臟?。–KD)、非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)的獨(dú)立危險因素。另一項(xiàng)涉及803名CKD患者的回顧性隊(duì)列研究也顯示,HUA與CKD進(jìn)展為終末期腎病顯著相關(guān)[13]。由此可見,監(jiān)測HUA患者腎功能,發(fā)現(xiàn)早期腎功能損害并進(jìn)行臨床干預(yù),有利于減緩患者的疾病進(jìn)程?,F(xiàn)臨床多采用測定血肌酐和尿素氮等來評估腎小球?yàn)V過率,但由于腎臟具有強(qiáng)大的代償功能,在腎損害早期時血肌酐和尿素氮的變化不明顯。尿微量白蛋白能夠提示腎功能損傷的敏感期,反映腎功能損傷的可逆轉(zhuǎn)期,有助于提高治療效果。有研究表明,胱抑素-C聯(lián)合尿微量白蛋白對評估高血壓腎病、2型糖尿病腎病的早期腎功能損害有意義[14-15]。
本次研究結(jié)果表明,社區(qū)老年HUA患者的尿微量白蛋白水平控制并不令人滿意,僅有68.4%的患者達(dá)標(biāo)。相比于血清肌酐和胱抑素-C,尿微量白蛋白在HUA合并其他相關(guān)疾病老年患者的早期腎功能評估中可能有更重要的臨床意義,提示全科醫(yī)生在日常管理中加強(qiáng)對于合并其他相關(guān)疾病的老年HUA患者的尿微量白蛋白監(jiān)測,有利于及時發(fā)現(xiàn)患者的早期腎功能損傷,盡早進(jìn)行臨床干預(yù),延緩腎功能損傷的進(jìn)程,提高患者的遠(yuǎn)期生活質(zhì)量。
本次研究是局限于上海某社區(qū)的單中心、橫斷面研究,且對照組樣本量較小,結(jié)果尚不能排除尿微量白蛋白受其他因素影響,研究結(jié)果還有待今后大樣本、多中心的臨床研究的驗(yàn)證。
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