許多 李書 李爽
[摘要] 目的 探討胃食管反流病(GERD)的中醫(yī)證型與病程、年齡、性別及自身焦慮、抑郁的相關(guān)性。 方法 選取2010年1月~2012年4月上海龍華醫(yī)院消化科符合GERD的西醫(yī)診斷的146例患者進(jìn)行問(wèn)卷調(diào)查,收集數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,探求證型與相關(guān)因素之間的關(guān)系。 結(jié)果 在納入的146例病例中,脾虛氣逆型56例,肝胃郁熱型49例,氣郁痰阻型36例,膽熱犯胃型4例,瘀血阻絡(luò)型1例。GERD好發(fā)于40~59歲的患者,該年齡段各證型發(fā)生率基本一致;在20~39歲,GERD患者多為肝胃郁熱型,而>60歲的患者多為脾虛氣逆型。脾虛氣逆型患者病程明顯長(zhǎng)于肝胃郁熱及氣郁痰阻型患者(P = 0.02)。性別與肝胃郁熱型及氣郁痰阻型GERD相關(guān)(P = 0.003,P = 0.001),肝胃郁熱型的GERD患者中男性顯著多于女性,而氣郁痰阻型的患者中女性顯著多于男性。三個(gè)證型焦慮、抑郁積分比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P = 0.02,P < 0.001)。 結(jié)論 GERD的發(fā)生與年齡顯著相關(guān),其肝胃郁熱型以及氣郁痰阻型患者普遍存在焦慮、抑郁。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 胃食管反流病;中醫(yī)證型;焦慮;抑郁
[中圖分類號(hào)] R259? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2019)06(b)-0027-04
Study on the relationship between traditional Chinese medicine syndrome type distribution and anxiety and depression in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease
XU Duo? ?LI Shu? ?LI Shuang
Department of Gastroenterology, Baoshan Branch, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai? ?201900, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the relationship between traditional Chinese medicine syndrome types of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and disease duration, age, gender and self-anxiety and depression. Methods From January 2010 to April 2012, 146 patients from the Department of Gastroenterology of Shanghai Longhua Hospital who met the GERD diagnosis of Western medicine were selected for questionnaire survey. Data were collected for statistical analysis to explore the relationship between syndrome types and related factors. Results Among the 146 cases included, 56 cases were spleen-deficiency type, 49 cases were liver-stomach-stagnation type, 36 cases were qi-stagnation-resistance type, 4 cases were biliary-heat-stomach type, and 1 case was phlegm-blocking type. GERD always occurred in 40-59 years old patients, and the incidence of each type of syndrome was basically the same in this age group. In 20-39 years old, most patients with GERD were liver-stomach-stagnation type, while those over 60 years old were mainly spleen-deficiency type. The course of disease in patients of spleen-deficiency type was significantly longer than that in patients of liver-stomach-stagnation type and qi-stagnation-resistance type (P = 0.02). Gender was correlated with GERD of liver-stomach-stagnation type and qi-stagnation-resistance type (P = 0.003, P = 0.001). Males were significantly more than females in GERD of liver-stomach-stagnation type, while females were significantly more than males in GERD of qi-stagnation-resistance type. The scores of anxiety and depression of the three syndromes were significantly different (P = 0.02, P < 0.001). Conclusion The occurrence of GERD is significantly correlated with age. Anxiety and depression are common in patients with liver-stomach-stagnation type and qi-stagnation-resistance type.
[Key words] Gastroesophageal reflux disease; Traditional Chinese medicine syndrome type; Anxiety, Depression
胃食管反流?。╣astroesophageal reflux disease,GERD)是一種常見的功能性胃腸疾病,是因胃內(nèi)容物反流至食管,引起患者產(chǎn)生反酸、燒心等一系列不適癥狀和/或并發(fā)的一種疾病。由于酸性物質(zhì)對(duì)食管壁的刺激,GERD患者可能還會(huì)出現(xiàn)咳嗽、噯氣等表現(xiàn),同時(shí)還可能伴有食管外癥狀[1-2]。
隨著人們生活水平升高,高脂肪、高蛋白、高糖飲食過(guò)度的攝入以及快節(jié)奏、高壓力的生活方式影響著癥狀性GERD,其患病率逐年升高[3-4]。上海市作為典型快節(jié)奏城市,消化系統(tǒng)疾病,如急慢性胃炎、消化系統(tǒng)潰瘍、GERD、胃癌等發(fā)病率較高[5]。因此,調(diào)查上海市區(qū)GERD的流行病學(xué)資料,對(duì)進(jìn)一步GERD干預(yù)治療具有重要的臨床意義。本研究對(duì)收集的GERD患者臨床資料進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,探索GERD中醫(yī)證型與病程、年齡、性別及自身焦慮、抑郁等因素的相關(guān)性,為豐富中醫(yī)辨證論治的內(nèi)容、從日常生活方面對(duì)本病進(jìn)行科學(xué)預(yù)防起到一定的指導(dǎo)作用。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取2010年1月~2012年4月上海龍華醫(yī)院消化科符合GERD的西醫(yī)診斷的門診及住院患者146例。
1.2 納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
1.2.1 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)? ①符合GERD診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn):參照中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)消化病分會(huì)中國(guó)胃食管反流病共識(shí)意見專家組《2006年中國(guó)胃食管反流病專家共識(shí)意見》[6];②參照國(guó)家技術(shù)監(jiān)督局發(fā)布的國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《中醫(yī)臨床診療術(shù)語(yǔ)證候部分》及2009胃食管反流病中醫(yī)診療共識(shí)意見[7],屬肝胃郁熱、膽熱犯胃、脾虛氣逆、氣郁痰阻、瘀血阻絡(luò)證型患者;③年齡18~80歲,性別不限;④自愿參與該項(xiàng)調(diào)查,簽署知情同意書,并能如實(shí)填寫調(diào)查問(wèn)卷者。
1.2.2 排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)? ①合并下列疾病之一者:胃和/或十二指腸潰瘍、胃食管和十二指腸手術(shù)史、卓-艾綜合征、原發(fā)性食道動(dòng)力疾患(如賁門失弛緩癥、原發(fā)性食道痙攣)、上消化道惡性病變患者;②有精神系統(tǒng)疾病史患者;③懷孕及哺乳期婦女;④合并嚴(yán)重心、肝、腎、造血系統(tǒng)疾病患者。
1.3 調(diào)查方法
在充分查閱文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計(jì)GERD調(diào)查問(wèn)卷,同時(shí)運(yùn)用抑郁自評(píng)量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)、焦慮自評(píng)量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)[8-9],對(duì)符合GERD西醫(yī)診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的患者進(jìn)行問(wèn)卷調(diào)查。將數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)一錄入數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,以探求GERD中醫(yī)證型與相關(guān)因素的關(guān)系。
本研究主要采取問(wèn)卷調(diào)查的形式。由經(jīng)過(guò)統(tǒng)一培訓(xùn)的消化內(nèi)科醫(yī)師、研究生及高年級(jí)醫(yī)學(xué)本科生2人/組,采用面對(duì)面函詢法對(duì)門診及住院患者進(jìn)行調(diào)查。為提高應(yīng)答率及調(diào)查質(zhì)量,本研究使用統(tǒng)一的指導(dǎo)語(yǔ)對(duì)問(wèn)卷進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的解釋。各組問(wèn)卷的發(fā)放順序采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表事先確定,問(wèn)卷當(dāng)場(chǎng)發(fā)放當(dāng)場(chǎng)收回,問(wèn)卷共發(fā)放154份,收回146份。
1.4 調(diào)查內(nèi)容
1.4.1 一般資料? 包括姓名、性別、年齡、病程、職業(yè)、住址、聯(lián)系方式。
1.4.2 中醫(yī)證候? 包括主要及次要癥狀、舌苔、脈象。
1.4.3 飲食相關(guān)因素? 包括飲食嗜好和飲食習(xí)慣:高糖高脂飲食、辛辣油膩飲食、煎炸燒烤食品、甜食、腌制食品;進(jìn)食過(guò)急、過(guò)飽、不吃早餐、睡前飽食。
1.4.4 個(gè)人嗜好及生活因素? 包括吸煙、飲酒、飲濃茶、飲碳酸飲料、飲咖啡、經(jīng)常出差、工作勞累、喜右側(cè)臥位睡姿。
1.4.5 焦慮、抑郁情況調(diào)查表? 本研究采用Zung氏SDS、SAS量表對(duì)納入病例進(jìn)行抑郁及焦慮評(píng)分。SAS標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分≥50分,代表有焦慮癥狀;SDS標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分≥50分,代表有抑郁癥狀。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 15.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,符合正態(tài)分布計(jì)量資料用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,兩組間比較采用LSD檢驗(yàn),多組間比較采用單因素方差分析。計(jì)數(shù)資料用率表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn),以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 一般情況
本研究共納入146例患者,其中男53例(36.3%),女93例(63.7%);年齡20~77歲,平均(49.08±13.45)歲;病程2~216個(gè)月,平均(23.77±34.05)個(gè)月。脾虛氣逆型56例,占38.4%;肝胃郁熱型49例,占33.6%;氣郁痰阻型36例,占24.7%;膽熱犯胃型4例,占2.7%;瘀血阻絡(luò)型1例,占0.6%。年齡與GERD證型相關(guān)(χ2=50.60,P < 0.001)。GERD好發(fā)年齡為40~59歲,在該年齡段,各證型發(fā)生率基本一致;在20~39歲,GERD多為肝胃郁熱型,而>60歲的GERD患者多為脾虛氣逆型。方差分析提示,三個(gè)證型患者的病程比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F = 4.04,P = 0.02)。脾虛氣逆型GERD患者病程明顯長(zhǎng)于肝胃郁熱及氣郁痰阻型。見表1。
2.2 中醫(yī)證型與性別
對(duì)不同證型GERD與性別進(jìn)行單因素卡方檢驗(yàn),結(jié)果顯示,性別與肝胃郁熱型及氣郁痰阻型GERD相關(guān)(χ2=8.96,P = 0.003;χ2=10.38,P = 0.001),屬肝胃郁熱型的男性GERD患者顯著多于女性;而屬氣郁痰阻型的女性GERD患者顯著多于男性;不同性別脾虛氣逆型GERD患者數(shù)量比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=0.68,P = 0.41)。見表1。
中國(guó)醫(yī)藥導(dǎo)報(bào)2019年17期