陳深泉 蘇玖雄 黎鑒飛
[摘要] 目的 探討睪酮聯(lián)合索利那新治療良性前列腺增生癥(BPH)患者電切術(shù)后早期出現(xiàn)下尿路癥狀(LUTS)的臨床效果。 方法 選取2017年1~9月肇慶市第二人民醫(yī)院收治的BPH患者中,血清總睪酮(TT)低于正常范圍、行經(jīng)尿道前列腺電切術(shù)(TURP)術(shù)后第7天拔除尿管后出現(xiàn)LUTS的患者26例,隨機(jī)分為實(shí)驗(yàn)組和對(duì)照組,每組各13例。實(shí)驗(yàn)組予睪酮補(bǔ)充聯(lián)合索利那新口服治療,對(duì)照組單純予睪酮補(bǔ)充,療程均為30 d。比較兩組服藥前、服藥后第14天及第30天,前列腺特異抗原(PSA)、TT、國(guó)際前列腺癥狀評(píng)分(IPSS)、生活質(zhì)量指數(shù)評(píng)分(QOL)、膀胱過(guò)度活動(dòng)癥狀評(píng)分(OABSS)、最大尿流率(Qmax)、殘余尿量(RU)和直腸指診(DRE)的結(jié)果。 結(jié)果 治療前兩組各指標(biāo)比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。服藥前、服藥后第14天兩組組內(nèi)比較,IPSS、QOL評(píng)分差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);服藥前、服藥后第30天兩組組內(nèi)比較,TT、Qmax、IPSS、QOL及OABSS指標(biāo)差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。組間比較顯示,服藥后第14 天兩組各指標(biāo)比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05);而服藥后第30天實(shí)驗(yàn)組IPSS、QOL及OABSS評(píng)分均高于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。兩組患者服藥第14天及第30天直腸指診均未及前列腺硬結(jié)。 結(jié)論 M受體阻滯劑索利那新聯(lián)合睪酮補(bǔ)充能有效緩解TURP術(shù)后出現(xiàn)的LUTS癥狀,對(duì)于睪酮水平低下、伴有LUTS的BPH患者,可予睪酮補(bǔ)充聯(lián)合M受體阻滯劑治療。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 睪酮補(bǔ)充;索利那新;經(jīng)尿道前列腺電切術(shù);下尿路癥狀
[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)] R698 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2018)08(c)-0058-05
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Testosterone supplement combining with Solifenacin in the treatment for early stage of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) after transurethral resection of the prostate (TUPP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients. Methods Twenty-six cases with BPH treated in the Second People′s Hospital in Zhaoqing City from January 2017 to September 2017, that serum total testosterone (TT) was lower than normal range, and post TURP for 7 d with LUTS after removal of catheter were selected and they were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, with 13 cases in each group. The experimental group was applicated with Testosterone supplement and Solifenacin,and the control group was only supplemented with Testosterone supplement. The treatment course was 30 days. Prostate specific antigen (PSA), TT, International prostate symptom score-Quality of life (IPSS-QOL) score, overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS), the maximum flow rate (Qmax), residual urine (RU) and digital rectal examination between the two groups were compared before treatment, on 14th day and 30th day after treatment. Results Before treatment, the indices above between the two groups had no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the IPSS-QOL scores in the two groups before and 14th day after treatment (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in TT, Qmax, IPSS-QOL and OABSS in the two groups before and in 30th day after treatment (P < 0.05). On 14th day after treatment, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the indices above (P > 0.05). On 30th day after treatment, the scores of IPSS-QOL and OABSS in the experimental group were all higher than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). On 14th and 30th day after treatment, both groups were not touched prostatic induration in rectal digital examination. Conclusion M receptor blocker combining with Testosterone supplemen can relieve the symptoms of LUTS after TURP effectively, and for BPH patients with low testosterone levels and LUTS can simultaneously treat with Testosterone supplement and M receptor blocker.
[Key words] Testosterone supplement; Solifenacin; Transurethral Resection of the Prostate; Lower urinary tract symptoms
良性前列腺增生(Benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH)是引起中老年男性排尿障礙最為常見(jiàn)的一種良性疾病。下尿路癥狀(Lower urinary tract symptoms,LUTS)加重而導(dǎo)致患者生活質(zhì)量下降是BPH臨床進(jìn)展內(nèi)容之一,而B(niǎo)PH引起膀胱出口梗阻(BOO)是老年男性出現(xiàn)LUTS的主要原因。部分BPH患者予α受體阻滯劑及5-α還原酶抑制劑治療,早期LUTS能得到不同程度的緩解,但長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)效果欠佳,可能與儲(chǔ)尿期(刺激性)癥狀控制不良及低睪酮水平有關(guān)[1]。本研究對(duì)經(jīng)尿道前列腺電切術(shù)(Transurethral resection of the prostato,TURP)術(shù)后短期存在LUTS的低睪酮水平BPH患者予十一酸睪酮補(bǔ)充及索利那新治療,療效良好,報(bào)道如下:
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
收集2017年1~9月肇慶市第二人民醫(yī)院泌尿外科及男科門(mén)診收治的BPH患者,納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):血清總睪酮(TT)低于正常范圍(< 262 ng/dL)、行TURP術(shù)后第7天拔除尿管后出現(xiàn)LUTS。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):病理為前列腺癌、肝腎功能?chē)?yán)重障礙、重癥肌無(wú)力、青光眼、對(duì)十一酸睪酮及索利那新藥物過(guò)敏患者。選出患者26例,隨機(jī)分為實(shí)驗(yàn)組與對(duì)照組,每組各13例,其中實(shí)驗(yàn)組3例存在排尿不暢癥狀,9例存在尿頻尿急癥狀,1例同時(shí)存在尿頻尿急和排尿不暢癥狀;年齡59~82歲,平均(70.0±3.2)歲。B超測(cè)定前列腺體積為36~106 cm3,平均(65.0±4.8)cm3;殘余尿量為50~257 mL,平均(110.0±5.6)mL。TT為(化學(xué)發(fā)光法測(cè)定)11.38~241.23 ng/dL,平均(114.00±23.24)ng/dL。前列腺特異抗原(PSA)0.13~4.09 ng/mL,平均(2.02±0.09)ng/mL,游離前列腺特異抗原(fPSA)為0.09~1.01 ng/mL,平均(0.42±0.06)ng/mL。前列腺指診未及硬結(jié)。5例患者術(shù)前有服用坦索羅辛和/或非那雄胺藥物治療史,時(shí)間為2~12個(gè)月,平均(4.0±1.4)個(gè)月。對(duì)照組2例存在排尿不暢癥狀,8例存在尿頻尿急癥狀,3例同時(shí)存在尿頻尿急和排尿不暢癥狀;年齡58~85歲,平均(70.0±3.8)歲。B超測(cè)定前列腺體積為39~110 cm3,平均(68.0±4.7)cm3,殘余尿量為58~255 mL,平均(112.0±5.8)mL。TT為(化學(xué)發(fā)光法測(cè)定)11.41~242.54 ng/dL,平均(117.00±23.78)ng/dL。PSA為0.17~4.25 ng/mL,平均(2.02±0.12)ng/mL,fPSA為0.08~1.04 ng/mL,平均(0.42±0.09)ng/mL。4例患者術(shù)前有服用坦索羅辛和/或非那雄胺藥物治療史,時(shí)間為2~16個(gè)月,平均(4.0±1.5)個(gè)月。兩組患者前列腺指診均未及硬結(jié),兩組患者一般資料比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),具有可比性。本研究經(jīng)醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),患者均簽署知情同意書(shū)。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 治療方法 實(shí)驗(yàn)組口服十一酸睪酮膠丸(默沙東公司生產(chǎn),批準(zhǔn)文號(hào):H20131047)80 mg,每天2次,琥珀酸索利那新(安斯泰來(lái)公司生產(chǎn),批準(zhǔn)文號(hào):J20140096)5 mg,每天1次,療程為30 d;對(duì)照組口服十一酸睪酮膠丸80 mg,每天2次,連續(xù)服用30 d。
1.2.2 測(cè)定方法及評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 兩組患者服藥前、服藥后第14天及第30天均復(fù)查前列腺特異抗原(PSA)、TT、國(guó)際前列腺癥狀評(píng)分(IPSS)、生活質(zhì)量指數(shù)評(píng)分(QOL)、膀胱過(guò)度活動(dòng)癥狀評(píng)分(OABSS)、最大尿流率(Qmax)、殘余尿量(RU)、直腸指診(DRE)。所有研究對(duì)象于清晨空腹肘靜脈采血,PSA檢測(cè)采用ELISA法測(cè)定(羅氏Elecsys2010),以我國(guó)BPH患者年齡特異性總前列腺特異抗原(tPSA)值0~5.5 ng/mL、fPSA/tPSA > 0.16為參考范圍[2];TT檢測(cè)采用化學(xué)發(fā)光法(日本東曹AIA2000),正常值范圍262~870 ng/dL。IPSS:輕度癥狀為0~7分,中度癥狀為8~19分,重度癥狀為20~35分;QOL評(píng)分為0~6分,根據(jù)患者下尿路癥狀的主觀感覺(jué)而判定。OAB的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn):?jiǎn)栴}中尿急的得分≥2分,且總分≥3分。OABSS對(duì)OAB嚴(yán)重程度的定量標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①3~5分,輕度OAB;②6~11分,中度OAB;③≥12分,重度OAB。B超測(cè)定殘余尿并按梗阻程度分為4級(jí):①0~10 mL為1級(jí);②>10~50 mL為2級(jí);③>50~150 mL為3級(jí);④>150 mL為4級(jí)。殘余尿量≥50 mL提示存在梗阻。前列腺體積計(jì)算公式:0.52×前后徑×左右徑×上下徑。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件包進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)量資料采用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),組內(nèi)多個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)比較采用方差分析。計(jì)數(shù)資料組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
服藥后,兩組LUTS癥狀均有不同程度的改善,服藥前兩組各指標(biāo)比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。服藥前、服藥后第14天兩組組內(nèi)比較,IPSS及QOL評(píng)分差異均有高度統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.01);服藥前、服藥后第30天兩組組內(nèi)比較,TT、Qmax、IPSS、QOL及OABSS差異均有高度統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.01)。組間比較,服藥后第14天兩組各指標(biāo)差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05);而服藥后第30天實(shí)驗(yàn)組IPSS、QOL及OABSS評(píng)分均低于對(duì)照組,差異均有高度統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.01)。兩組患者服藥第14天及第30天直腸指診均未及前列腺硬結(jié)。見(jiàn)表1。
3 討論
LUTS包括儲(chǔ)尿癥狀、排尿癥狀和排尿后癥狀,和BPH與代謝綜合征有明顯關(guān)聯(lián)[3]。BPH術(shù)后LUTS的改善程度,除了BOO的解除外,還與膀胱功能密切相關(guān),逼尿肌收縮力下降、殘余尿量增多和逼尿肌不穩(wěn)定均為導(dǎo)致TURP術(shù)后短期LUTS的危險(xiǎn)因素[4-5]。由于睪丸功能的減退,50歲以上男性血漿睪酮水平隨年齡增加而進(jìn)行性下降,雄激素水平下降與前列腺體積進(jìn)行性增大呈明顯的負(fù)相關(guān),提示睪酮水平的下降是前列腺異常增生的重要原因之一[6]。日本學(xué)者調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)82%的LUTS男性患者存在性功能障礙,且伴有不同程度的睪酮水平低下[7],本組26例患者中就有12例患者出現(xiàn)性欲低下,8例患者存在勃起功能障礙。此外,在60~69歲男性中,血清游離睪酮水平降低與血清雌二醇水平升高可能是BPH的發(fā)展因素[7],前列腺體積大于30 mL的BPH患者其體積與睪酮水平呈負(fù)相關(guān)[8],且眾多實(shí)驗(yàn)證明,睪酮補(bǔ)充不改變前列腺體積的大小,相反表現(xiàn)為下尿路功能的重要調(diào)節(jié)作用,并可能對(duì)BPH伴有的LUTS治療具有積極的作用[9]。有學(xué)者在動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)中采取去勢(shì)手術(shù)或抗雄激素處理,證明雄激素缺乏可引起動(dòng)物膀胱纖維化,最大容量和順應(yīng)性均降低[10];盆底自主神經(jīng)和膀胱平滑肌細(xì)胞均存在雄激素受體,睪酮結(jié)合受體后通過(guò)影響Rho激酶活性從而調(diào)節(jié)逼尿肌的興奮性,改善下尿路癥狀[11]。術(shù)前補(bǔ)充雄激素有利于提高年齡相關(guān)性雄激素缺乏患者行前列腺電切術(shù)的手術(shù)有效性和安全性,且術(shù)后睪酮補(bǔ)充治療可提高患者性功能和社交能力[12]。因此,在低睪酮水平的BPH伴有LUTS的治療上建議聯(lián)合睪酮補(bǔ)充。琥珀酸索利那新為高選擇性M3受體拮抗劑,通過(guò)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性阻滯膀胱平滑肌上的乙酰膽堿與受體結(jié)合,而抑制逼尿肌的過(guò)度活動(dòng)和降低尿道內(nèi)壓,有效減輕急迫性尿失禁、尿頻、尿急等癥狀,臨床上常用于OAB的治療。既往有報(bào)道患者服用M受體拮抗劑會(huì)使RU增加,甚至出現(xiàn)急性尿潴留(AUR),但該現(xiàn)象多見(jiàn)于逼尿肌功能受損或存在明顯BOO的老年人[13],目前有研究表明M受體阻滯劑用于治療男性下尿路癥狀是安全有效的[14-15],患者連續(xù)使用3個(gè)月之后,其發(fā)生尿潴留發(fā)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)低于有癥狀而未治療者[16]。α受體阻滯劑能有效緩解BOO引起的排尿期LUTS癥狀,而前列腺電切術(shù)后患者的BOO已經(jīng)通過(guò)手術(shù)解除了;5α-還原酶抑制劑也能明顯改善LUTS,但長(zhǎng)期服用可使TT水平降低和血糖、血脂水平改變,導(dǎo)致性腺功能減退和代謝失衡[17];因此,本研究對(duì)術(shù)前低睪酮水平、TURP術(shù)后存在LUTS的BPH患者進(jìn)行睪酮補(bǔ)充及M受體拮抗劑治療。
由本研究的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)看,①PSA:兩組患者服藥前、服藥后第14天及第30天的變化差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,提示睪酮及M受體阻滯劑在短時(shí)間內(nèi)無(wú)升高PSA的作用,與目前尚沒(méi)有證據(jù)表明睪酮補(bǔ)充治療可增加前列腺癌或BPH的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)結(jié)論一致[18-19],但低睪酮水平的前列腺癌患者出現(xiàn)的LUTS治療上仍應(yīng)慎重應(yīng)用雄性激素。當(dāng)患者IPSS>21分時(shí)證實(shí)有BPH引起的嚴(yán)重LUTS,不推薦睪酮治療[20]。②TT:兩組患者在睪酮補(bǔ)充后,TT有上升趨勢(shì),從組內(nèi)比較來(lái)看,睪酮補(bǔ)充30 d后的TT值與補(bǔ)充前比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,提示十一酸睪酮補(bǔ)充后機(jī)體吸收良好,能有效增加與性激素結(jié)合球蛋白和白蛋白結(jié)合的總睪酮和游離睪酮水平[21]。③Qmax:兩組患者服藥后第30天與服藥前比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,但服藥后第30天與第14天比較及組間比較的差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,提示Qmax主要與BOO有關(guān),BOO解除后,患者的Qmax有所上升,且睪酮及M受體阻滯劑能有效改善膀胱順應(yīng)性,進(jìn)一步提高Qmax。④RU:兩組患者服藥第14天及第30天后殘余尿量變化,組間比較差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,提示睪酮及索利那新治療期間對(duì)膀胱殘余尿量的變化無(wú)影響,與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致[22]。⑤IPSS、QOL:兩組患者服藥后第30天評(píng)分與服藥后第14天評(píng)分組內(nèi)比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,且服藥后第30天的組間比較,實(shí)驗(yàn)組IPSS-QOL評(píng)分改善更明顯,與對(duì)照組比較評(píng)分差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,提示2者同時(shí)服用能更有效改善儲(chǔ)尿期癥狀。Chapple C等[23]也證明對(duì)α受體阻滯劑治療后仍存尿頻、尿急等儲(chǔ)尿期癥狀患者,加用M受體阻滯劑可有效緩解患者儲(chǔ)尿期癥狀。⑥OABSS:兩組患者服藥后第14天尿急癥狀明顯減輕,組間比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;服藥第30天后,實(shí)驗(yàn)組OABSS評(píng)分下降明顯,與對(duì)照組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,提示睪酮及M受體阻滯劑聯(lián)合治療更能有效緩解患者儲(chǔ)尿期的尿急癥狀[24]。⑦兩組患者治療前后肛門(mén)指診均未及前列腺硬結(jié),未發(fā)現(xiàn)睪酮補(bǔ)充出現(xiàn)前列腺癌可能的證據(jù)。
綜上所述,M受體阻滯劑索利那新聯(lián)合睪酮補(bǔ)充能有效緩解TURP術(shù)后出現(xiàn)的LUTS癥狀,尤其對(duì)于睪酮水平低下、伴有LUTS的BPH患者,建議睪酮補(bǔ)充聯(lián)合M受體阻滯劑治療。此外,本研究樣本量偏少,評(píng)分存在患者主觀因素等影響,單純睪酮補(bǔ)充或聯(lián)合應(yīng)用療效差異及維持的用藥時(shí)間還需要進(jìn)一步的臨床試驗(yàn)來(lái)驗(yàn)證。
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(收稿日期:2018-01-09 本文編輯:金 虹)