李蔓
【摘要】本文結(jié)合外研版英語八年級下冊Module 9 Unit 1 Could I ask if youve mentioned this to her?教學(xué)設(shè)計,論述教師應(yīng)創(chuàng)設(shè)貼近學(xué)生生活的情境,將生詞、詞組以及重點語法等融入情境;在聽說課教學(xué)中,教師應(yīng)注重對學(xué)生進(jìn)行聽力技巧的指導(dǎo);在學(xué)生表演中,教師可讓學(xué)生互評,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的自主意識及思考意識。
【關(guān)鍵詞】初中英語 聽說課 情境 聽力技巧
【中圖分類號】G 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼】A
【文章編號】0450-9889(2018)01A-0084-04
【設(shè)計理念】
新課標(biāo)要求初中英語教學(xué)不僅要培養(yǎng)學(xué)生基本英語素養(yǎng)和發(fā)展學(xué)生思維能力,還要提高學(xué)生綜合人文素養(yǎng)。具體來說,初中英語教學(xué)應(yīng)該讓學(xué)生通過英語學(xué)習(xí),掌握基本的英語語言知識,發(fā)展基本的聽、說、讀、寫技能,逐步形成用英語與他人交流的能力,進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)思維能力的發(fā)展;同時幫助學(xué)生開闊視野、豐富生活經(jīng)歷、形成跨文化意識、增強(qiáng)愛國主義精神、形成良好的品格和正確的人生觀與價值觀。教師在教學(xué)的過程中要盡可能多地為學(xué)生創(chuàng)造真實的語境,鼓勵學(xué)生通過實踐體驗探究和合作,逐步掌握語言知識和技能、不斷調(diào)整情感態(tài)度、發(fā)展自主學(xué)習(xí)能力;提供貼近學(xué)生、貼近生活、貼近時代的英語學(xué)習(xí)資源,創(chuàng)造性地開發(fā)和利用現(xiàn)實生活中鮮活的英語學(xué)習(xí)資源,拓展學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)和運(yùn)用英語的渠道。
一、教材分析
本模塊以友誼為話題,探討學(xué)生在友誼問題上的困惑及解決辦法,讓學(xué)生意識到友誼的重要性,并積極探索與人友好相處的方法。第一單元的兩個對話相互銜接,在小對話中,玲玲遇到友誼方面的問題,想找好友貝蒂傾訴,但貝蒂不在家,于是貝蒂的媽媽向玲玲推薦了幫助熱線。在大對話中,玲玲向幫助熱線求助,幫助熱線的專家引導(dǎo)玲玲描述自己的問題并給出建議,專家的引導(dǎo)思路清晰、邏輯性強(qiáng)。教師要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生關(guān)注對話的邏輯順序,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生邏輯理解與表達(dá)能力。
二、學(xué)情分析
友誼是青少年生活的重要組成部分。友誼對青少年的影響很大。在友誼問題上,他們常常會遇到一些困惑或麻煩,甚至不知如何解決這些問題或麻煩,需要師長的引導(dǎo)及建議。在知識儲備上,學(xué)生在上一個模塊已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,對賓語從句語境有了初步的學(xué)習(xí)與掌握。
【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】
語言知識目標(biāo):
(1)詞匯:separate,explain,mention,refuse,introduce,encourage,join in,treat,herself,whether,lonely,regret,patient;
(2)語法:if、whether及疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
語言技能目標(biāo):
(1)聽:能聽懂有關(guān)友誼的對話,能理解對話的邏輯順序;
(2)說:能提供個人信息、詢問他人信息并提出建議。
情感態(tài)度目標(biāo):
通過對友誼這個話題的探討,學(xué)生學(xué)會寬容他人,明白友誼的真諦。
學(xué)習(xí)策略目標(biāo):
學(xué)會合作學(xué)習(xí)及自主學(xué)習(xí)。
【教學(xué)實錄賞析】
Step 1 Warming-up
1.Greeting.
2.Talk about best friends.(As shown in Figure 1)
T:Today well talk about friendship. I have a best friend. She is Shirley. She is so nice and kind. What about you?Could you tell us something about your friend?Who is your best friend?What is he/she like?
S1:My best friend is...She is funny and friendly.
S2:...
T:So,in our daily life,friendship is very important. It can make us happy. But every coin has two sides. Sometimes we may have problems with our friends,just like Lingling.
設(shè)計意圖:
教師談?wù)撟约旱暮门笥岩约昂门笥训钠犯?,為學(xué)生提供模板,思維導(dǎo)圖則歸納了好朋友所應(yīng)具備的一些品質(zhì),為學(xué)生談?wù)撟约旱慕?jīng)歷提供便利,從而很自然地總結(jié)友誼在我們的日常生活中很重要,但朋友間也存在煩惱,就像下面聽力中的主人公Lingling。
Step 2 Lead-in
1.Listen and choose the correct answer.(As shown in Figure 2)
T:Now lets listen to a short dialogue and choose the correct answer. Ready?Go!
T:Now lets check the answer together. Lingling wants to speak to ... But Betty is ...
設(shè)計意圖:
本階段的活動是為下面的大對話進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)備:一是讓學(xué)生熟悉打電話的用語,二是導(dǎo)入與大對話相關(guān)的內(nèi)容——玲玲給貝蒂打電話訴說她的問題,貝蒂不在家,貝蒂的媽媽推薦了幫助熱線,這樣才有了下面的對話。
Step 3 Presentation
1.Sweet house
T:Look!This is Doctor Wang in our school. She works in the Sweet Room in our school. Students often ask her for help when they have problems with their friends. Here comes the first message. Now lets go and see.
Message 1:I had an argument with my friend,I wanted to explain to him,but he didnt listen.
Suggestion:Be patient with him and treat him as before.
(As shown in Figure 3)
Message 2:My friend Tony is very shy. He refused to make friends.
Suggestion:Try to encourage him to join in more activities.
(As shown in Figure 4)
Message 3:Im not happy because I got separated with my best friend.
Suggestion:Try to find out whether she feels lonely and try to introduce new friends to her.
(As shown in Figure 5)
設(shè)計意圖:
教師設(shè)置真實的情境幫助學(xué)生在情境中感知和學(xué)習(xí)新詞、重點詞組以及賓語從句;情境貼近學(xué)生生活,更能激發(fā)學(xué)生的情感共鳴,引起學(xué)生的注意以及提高他們參與課堂的熱情。
2.Bubble game
T:Life is not easy.But we should always smile!Now lets play a game!Bubble game!Do you like games?If you know the words,please stand up quickly and speak loudly!Ready?Go!
設(shè)計意圖:
在輕松愉悅的游戲中檢測學(xué)生掌握新詞的情況。
3.Work in pairs(As shown in Figure 6)
T:The game is so exciting!But time is limited!Now its time for your pair-work. Talk with your deskmate. For example,I am A and you are B. Hello,Dr. Li. I have a problem. Could you help me?
B:Please tell me your problem.
T:I got separated with my best friend and I felt lonely.
B:Maybe you should join in more activities.
T:I see. Thanks.
設(shè)計意圖:
結(jié)對練習(xí)不僅幫助學(xué)生運(yùn)用單詞,還為后面的輸出環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行充足鋪墊。
4.Challenge Questions(As shown in Figure 7)
T:This time I will give you more difficult tasks!Challenge questions!Are you ready?Lets go!Please combine two sentences into one object clause.
T:Now lets do more exercises.
1.Does she come from China?(Can you tell me...)
Can you tell me if/whether she comes from China?
2.Does she solve her problem?(I want to know...)
I want to know if/whether she solves her problem.
設(shè)計意圖:
本部分為賓語從句的檢測練習(xí),旨在讓學(xué)生理解賓語從句用法、句式變化的規(guī)則,進(jìn)而突破教學(xué)重點。
Step 4 Listening
1.Listen and answer the questions.
T:This time I really want to know whether Lingling solves her problem. Lets listen and answer questions. Before listening,lets read these two questions together.(As shown in Figure 8)
2.Listen and check the true sentences.
T:This time listen again and check the true sentences. Ready?Go!(As shown in Figure 9)
T:Now lets check the answer together.
....
T:Dont forget Miss Lis tip:Listen carefully and pay attention to the differences between sentences here and those in the text.
設(shè)計意圖:
第一遍聽力設(shè)置了兩個問題,旨在引導(dǎo)學(xué)生回答問題,讓學(xué)生掌握文本的主旨大意,為學(xué)生對細(xì)節(jié)的把握進(jìn)行鋪墊。第二遍讓學(xué)生認(rèn)真聆聽對話,判斷句子的正誤并修改錯誤之處,旨在讓學(xué)生通過比較現(xiàn)有信息與自己捕捉到的信息的不同之處,提高學(xué)生辨認(rèn)信息的能力。教師在最后點撥聽力策略,指導(dǎo)學(xué)生注重聽力材料與課本的差別并以此來提升判別的正確率,體現(xiàn)對學(xué)生的學(xué)法指導(dǎo)。
Step 5 Reading
T:Please open your text book. Lets read the text together. Please try to read loudly and clearly.
設(shè)計意圖:
通過齊讀,加深學(xué)生對文本的理解與印象。
Step 6 Role play
T:If we have problems with our friends,we can ask helpline for help. Maybe we can also ask our families or teachers for help. Four students in a group, you are a family,father,mother,sister and brother. Please make a dialogue like this. I will give you three minutes to practise and then I will invite some of you to give performance here.Clear?Lets go?。ˋs shown in Figure 10)
T:Have you finished?Which group wants to show your performance?This group,please.
(Group 1 gives performance)
T:What do you think of their performance?Good,very good or wonderful?
Ss:Wonderful!
T:I agree with you!Because they can speak loudly and clearly. Clap for them!Next group.
(Group 2 gives performance)
T:What do you think about their performance?Good,very good or wonderful?
Ss:Wonderful!
T:I think they are wonderful. Because they can perform very well. Give them a big hand!The last group.
(Group 3 gives performance)
T:What about their performance?
Ss:Wonderful!
T:Why?
Ss:Because they are funny!
T:Yes!Pretty good!Give some applause to them!
設(shè)計意圖:
本活動是一個生成性的口語活動,學(xué)生要能在情境中談?wù)撚颜x方面存在的問題并通過詢問事實來提供幫助。這一活動旨在幫助學(xué)生鞏固本節(jié)課的重點詞匯、短語以及whether/if和特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,激發(fā)學(xué)生之間互助互愛的情感。
Step 7 Summary
T:You did a very good job today. I love you. But time is limited. Now lets make a summary. What have you learned today?New words?Key structure?We also know that a life without a friend is a life without a sun.
設(shè)計意圖:
鞏固復(fù)習(xí)本節(jié)課所學(xué)核心內(nèi)容。
Step 8 Homework
1.Recite all these new words.
2.Talk about a personal experience with your friends.
Blackboard design
【課后反思】
一、巧用情境,升華情感
本課以友誼為話題,探討學(xué)生在友誼問題上的困惑及解決辦法,這一話題貼近學(xué)生生活,易激發(fā)學(xué)生的情感共鳴。教師通過創(chuàng)設(shè)情境:王醫(yī)生在我校的Sweet Room工作,學(xué)生遇到友誼問題時常常發(fā)信息向她求助,本課展示了其中三名學(xué)生的信息,王醫(yī)生根據(jù)他們遇到的問題分別給出了不同的建議。這些信息與建議涵蓋了本課的生詞、詞組以及重點語法。學(xué)生在真實的語境中感知、學(xué)習(xí)本課的核心內(nèi)容,逐步掌握語言知識和技能,通過感受求助者的情感,不斷調(diào)整情感態(tài)度、升華情感。
二、聽說教學(xué),滲透技巧指導(dǎo)
本課是一節(jié)聽說課,在聽說教學(xué)的過程中,教師注重對學(xué)生進(jìn)行聽力技巧的指導(dǎo):閱讀聽力題目,把握對話大意;比較聽到的句子與題目的不同之處,把握文本的細(xì)節(jié);齊讀課文,加深對文本的印象與理解。這些技巧的指導(dǎo),由淺入深,能夠滿足不同層次學(xué)生的需求,既尊重了學(xué)生之間的差異,又能夠?qū)崒嵲谠诘貛椭鷮W(xué)生學(xué)會如何在聽力活動中獲取關(guān)鍵信息,提高其吸收和理解信息的能力,為后面的說鋪墊。
三、生生互評,培養(yǎng)自主意識
在輸出環(huán)節(jié),教師邀請三組學(xué)生上臺表演,表演結(jié)束后,教師并未直接評價,而是給出good、very good和wonderful三種評價等級供臺下學(xué)生選擇,這種評價方式不僅更能吸引學(xué)生專注地投入到觀看中,還能引導(dǎo)學(xué)生今后逐漸形成自己對事物的評價,并能闡述原因,培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生自主思考的能力。
教師對學(xué)生的正面評價不僅起到激勵學(xué)生的作用,同時還能讓學(xué)生對自己的表現(xiàn)不斷地修正。對于第一組學(xué)生,教師表揚(yáng)了他們說話的音量以及語言的清晰度,因而第二組學(xué)生就非常注意以上方面,除此之外,他們還加入了肢體語言,讓表演更真實。第三組學(xué)生,則更注意之前提到的語言的清晰與情感的投入,同時還在趣味性方面進(jìn)行了探索。生生互評加上教師的引導(dǎo),不僅提高了學(xué)生表演的質(zhì)量,還能培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的自主意識與態(tài)度。
注:本課例獲得2017年秋季廣西中小學(xué)英語教學(xué)成果評比活動初中組錄像課評比一等獎、教學(xué)設(shè)計評比一等獎、課件評比一等獎。
(責(zé)編 劉小瑗)