孫斌,佀一衡,趙悅,屈直
(錦州醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第二醫(yī)院1.修復(fù)科;2.正畸科,遼寧錦州121000)
滲透樹(shù)脂聯(lián)合乙醇濕粘接技術(shù)對(duì)牙本質(zhì)小管封閉效果的研究
孫斌1,佀一衡2,趙悅2,屈直2
(錦州醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第二醫(yī)院1.修復(fù)科;2.正畸科,遼寧錦州121000)
目的比較研究滲透樹(shù)脂、Single Bond及滲透樹(shù)脂應(yīng)用乙醇濕粘接技術(shù)對(duì)牙本質(zhì)小管的封閉效果。方法將60顆離體前磨牙制備成牙本質(zhì)盤,按隨機(jī)數(shù)字法分為3組,每組20顆,將每個(gè)樣本縱向劈成兩半,一半樣本為空白對(duì)照,4 000倍電鏡下統(tǒng)計(jì)牙本質(zhì)小管總數(shù),另一半根據(jù)涂抹試劑不同分滲透樹(shù)脂組(A組),Single Bond組(B組)和滲透樹(shù)脂應(yīng)用乙醇濕粘接組(C組)。將涂抹試劑的樣本再次縱向劈開(kāi),掃描電鏡觀察試劑對(duì)牙本質(zhì)小管封堵及滲入效果。結(jié)果A組牙本質(zhì)小管口堵孔率為(70.10±2.13)%,滲透深度為(50±10.59)μm,樹(shù)脂突較短,不連續(xù);B組堵孔率為(86.35±1.73)%,滲透深度為(69±11.98)μm,樹(shù)脂突稀疏,與管壁不密合;C組堵孔率為(95.65±1.46)%,滲透深度為(177±9.17)μm,樹(shù)脂突飽滿、致密。結(jié)論滲透樹(shù)脂應(yīng)用乙醇濕粘接能更好的封閉牙本質(zhì)小管。
牙本質(zhì)小管;滲透樹(shù)脂;Single Bond;掃描電子顯微鏡;乙醇濕粘接
滲透樹(shù)脂是一種新型材料,近年在臨床中得到廣泛的關(guān)注和推廣,它以較低的黏性及較高的滲透性,利用虹吸原理可永久性封閉早期釉質(zhì)齲的脫礦微隙[1],目前國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)滲透樹(shù)脂的應(yīng)用及研究多針對(duì)乳牙及恒牙早期齲的治療[2],相關(guān)報(bào)道及研究?jī)H限于牙釉質(zhì),而國(guó)內(nèi)外關(guān)于滲透樹(shù)脂應(yīng)用于牙本質(zhì)的研究卻鮮有報(bào)道。為驗(yàn)證滲透樹(shù)脂對(duì)牙本質(zhì)小管的封閉效果,本研究采用掃描電子顯微鏡觀察涂抹不同材料后牙本質(zhì)小管的封閉情況。
1.1 材料
ICON滲透樹(shù)脂(DMG,德國(guó)),Single Bond(3M,美國(guó)),牙科高速手機(jī)(NSK,日本),金剛砂車針(MANI,日本),掃描電鏡(ZEISS,德國(guó)),超聲波振蕩器(SIEMENS,德國(guó)),離子濺射儀(HITACHI,日本),冰箱(SIEMENS,德國(guó)),梯度乙醇(天利,中國(guó))。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 牙本質(zhì)盤的制備:實(shí)驗(yàn)前2周,在錦州醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第二醫(yī)院收集年齡12歲至18歲因正畸需要拔除的健康、無(wú)齲壞、無(wú)裂紋的上下頜前磨牙60顆,去凈牙根上殘留的牙周組織,流水清洗干凈后置于蒸餾水中-20℃保存?zhèn)溆谩?shí)驗(yàn)當(dāng)天室溫解凍離體牙,用高速手機(jī)垂直于牙體長(zhǎng)軸打磨至釉牙本質(zhì)界下約2 mm處,完全暴露牙合面牙本質(zhì),平釉牙骨質(zhì)界截去牙根,制取厚度為2 mm的牙本質(zhì)盤,然后牙牙合面分別用300#、400#、600#的氧化鋁砂紙由粗到細(xì)對(duì)其進(jìn)行打磨、拋光。然后將制備好的牙本質(zhì)盤放入生理鹽水中超聲清洗20 min,以去除牙本質(zhì)小管中的碎屑,清洗后再次放入生理鹽水中備用。
1.2.2 樣本處理:將60個(gè)樣本按隨機(jī)數(shù)字法分為3組,每組20顆,將每個(gè)樣本縱向劈成兩半,一半樣本為空白對(duì)照,另一半根據(jù)涂抹試劑不同分為(1)滲透樹(shù)脂組(A組),15%鹽酸凝膠酸蝕牙面2 min溶解表面玷污層,沖洗至少30 s以徹底去除凝膠,吹干牙面,100%乙醇濕潤(rùn)牙面30 s,干棉球去除多余乙醇,使牙本質(zhì)表面保持潮濕狀態(tài),后涂布滲透樹(shù)脂,第1次涂布后靜置3 min(避光),用氣槍輕吹表面,使表面不再反光,光固化40 s,再次涂布滲透樹(shù)脂,靜置1 min,光固化40 s;(2)Single Bond組(B組),37%磷酸酸蝕牙本質(zhì)15 s,沖洗30 s以徹底去除磷酸,干棉球去除多余水分,使牙本質(zhì)表面保持潮濕狀態(tài),牙面涂抹Single Bond 15 s,氣槍輕吹,形成薄膜,表面不再發(fā)亮,光固化30 s,再次涂布Single Bond,光固化30 s;(3)滲透樹(shù)脂應(yīng)用乙醇濕粘接組(C組),將A組使用100%乙醇干燥牙面改進(jìn)為使用梯度乙醇溶液濕潤(rùn)牙面,處理過(guò)程包括50%、70%、80%、95%的乙醇溶液順序處理30 s,再用100%乙醇溶液濕潤(rùn)30 s且重復(fù)3次,用干棉球去除多余乙醇,使牙本質(zhì)表面保持潮濕狀態(tài),其它步驟和操作時(shí)間與A組相同。
1.2.3 樣本的掃描電鏡觀察:將樣本再次縱向劈開(kāi),脫水、干燥、噴金、導(dǎo)電膠固定,掃描電鏡觀察牙本質(zhì)表面和剖面的形態(tài)。
1.2.4 牙本質(zhì)小管總數(shù)及未完全封閉的小管口數(shù)的計(jì)算方法:選擇未處理的空白樣本和涂抹試劑樣本,在4 000倍電鏡視野下對(duì)樣本中心點(diǎn)進(jìn)行測(cè)量,再分別從測(cè)量中心點(diǎn)的上、下、左、右4個(gè)象限各隨機(jī)選取1個(gè)位點(diǎn)進(jìn)行測(cè)量,視野邊緣暴露牙本質(zhì)小管口2/3以上按1個(gè)小管口計(jì)算,統(tǒng)計(jì)空白樣本的牙本質(zhì)小管總數(shù)及涂抹試劑后未被完全封閉的牙本質(zhì)小管總數(shù),并計(jì)算堵孔率[堵孔率=(牙本質(zhì)小管總數(shù)-未完全封閉牙本質(zhì)小管總數(shù))/牙本質(zhì)小管總數(shù)×100%]。取5個(gè)測(cè)量值的平均值作為該樣本的相應(yīng)測(cè)量值。
1.2.5 滲透深度的比較方法:在4 000倍電鏡下的牙本質(zhì)縱向剖面圖像中,測(cè)量各組樣本的牙本質(zhì)小管中樹(shù)脂突的長(zhǎng)度,計(jì)算出平均值以比較各組滲透深度。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
采用SPSS 13.5統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,對(duì)計(jì)量資樣用x±s表示,多組均數(shù)之間的比較采用方差分析,以α=0.05為檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)。
2.1 各組牙本質(zhì)表面的掃描電鏡觀察結(jié)果
由圖1可見(jiàn),空白樣本表面清晰,牙本質(zhì)小管口完全開(kāi)放;A組牙本質(zhì)表面沒(méi)有被樹(shù)脂薄膜覆蓋,有較多的牙本質(zhì)小管口開(kāi)放;B組牙本質(zhì)表面大部分被樹(shù)脂薄膜覆蓋,少部分牙本質(zhì)小管口仍開(kāi)放;C組牙本質(zhì)表面覆蓋樹(shù)脂涂層,個(gè)別牙本質(zhì)小管口開(kāi)放;空白樣本牙本質(zhì)小管總數(shù)無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P>0.05),C組堵孔率明顯高于其他2組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),3種材料的堵孔率比較見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 各組牙本質(zhì)縱剖面的掃描電鏡觀察結(jié)果
圖2可見(jiàn),空白樣本牙本質(zhì)小管內(nèi)空虛無(wú)異物堵塞,管口呈喇叭口狀開(kāi)放;A組樹(shù)脂從牙本質(zhì)表面向小管內(nèi)延伸,樹(shù)脂突長(zhǎng)度較短,有部分牙本質(zhì)小管空虛,沒(méi)有樹(shù)脂突滲入;B組小管內(nèi)沉積物較稀疏,與管腔壁結(jié)合不夠緊密,有線性縫隙,并有樹(shù)脂突移出牙本質(zhì)小管的現(xiàn)象;C組牙本質(zhì)小管內(nèi)可見(jiàn)飽滿、連續(xù)完整的樹(shù)脂突滲入牙本質(zhì)小管,滲透樹(shù)脂與管腔壁結(jié)合緊密,界面難以區(qū)分。C組滲透深度明顯高于其他2組滲透深度,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),3組樹(shù)脂突的滲透深度見(jiàn)表2。
ICON滲透樹(shù)脂是一種治療早期牙釉質(zhì)脫礦的新產(chǎn)品,主要成份為二甲基丙烯酸三甘醇酯、雙酚A甲基丙烯酸縮水甘油酯、光引發(fā)劑和溶劑乙醇,通過(guò)毛細(xì)作用力滲入釉質(zhì)脫礦微孔中,光固化后的滲透樹(shù)脂能夠替代釉質(zhì)脫礦溶解的牙體硬組織[3],封堵脫礦孔隙,防止牙釉質(zhì)繼續(xù)脫礦及表面崩解[4-5],近年來(lái)在臨床中廣泛應(yīng)用于早期釉質(zhì)齲的治療,但在牙本質(zhì)的應(yīng)用中鮮有報(bào)道,基于其在釉質(zhì)脫礦中的優(yōu)良表現(xiàn),其能否對(duì)牙本質(zhì)亦有良好的滲透封閉作用令人期待。
圖1 牙本質(zhì)表面形態(tài)的掃描電鏡圖×4 000Fig.1 Scanning electron m icroscope images of dentin surface×4 000
表1 牙本質(zhì)盤涂布不同試劑后堵孔率的比較Tab.1 Com parison of the coverage rate of dentin tubules openings
全瓷冠橋的廣泛應(yīng)用需要對(duì)修復(fù)基牙的牙體組織大量磨除,活髓牙術(shù)后易導(dǎo)致敏感,臨床上需使用脫敏劑進(jìn)行緩解,而常用的大部分脫敏劑會(huì)降低樹(shù)脂粘接系統(tǒng)的粘接強(qiáng)度。樹(shù)脂類脫敏劑可以形成良好的脫敏效果[6],又不影響粘接強(qiáng)度,因而尋找同類產(chǎn)品尤為重要。傳統(tǒng)的樹(shù)脂類脫敏劑代表有Single Bond,但Single Bond對(duì)牙本質(zhì)小管的封閉效果并不理想,為了尋求脫敏效果滿意又不影響粘接強(qiáng)度的樹(shù)脂類脫敏材料,本研究通過(guò)滲透樹(shù)脂應(yīng)用乙醇濕粘接技術(shù)檢測(cè)其是否有良好的封閉效果。
圖2 牙本質(zhì)縱剖面形態(tài)的掃描電鏡圖×4 000Fig.2 Scanning election m icroscope images of dentin cross sections×4 000
表2 牙本質(zhì)盤涂布不同試劑后滲透深度的比較Tab.2 Com parison of the penetration dep th o f te three groups
本研究中,滲透樹(shù)脂組牙本質(zhì)表面有較多的未被封閉的牙本質(zhì)小管口,縱剖面可見(jiàn)大部分牙本質(zhì)小管空虛,少部分樹(shù)脂突從牙本質(zhì)表面向小管內(nèi)延伸;Single Bond組表面觀察到樹(shù)脂薄膜堵塞大部分牙本質(zhì)小管口,縱剖面可觀察到牙本質(zhì)小管內(nèi)樹(shù)脂突與小管腔壁間結(jié)合不夠緊密,呈線性間隙,個(gè)別牙本質(zhì)小管內(nèi)的樹(shù)脂突移出小管;滲透樹(shù)脂應(yīng)用乙醇濕粘接組表面觀察只有個(gè)別開(kāi)放的牙本質(zhì)小管口可見(jiàn),縱剖面牙本質(zhì)小管腔內(nèi)可見(jiàn)連續(xù)完整,粗大的充填物,與管腔壁緊密結(jié)合,界面難以區(qū)分。以上結(jié)果不同,究其原因可能是:牙本質(zhì)酸蝕后膠原纖維暴露,濕潤(rùn)的表面可以保持膠原纖維蓬松的狀態(tài),使涂布的樹(shù)脂可以滲入膠原纖維網(wǎng)和牙本質(zhì)小管,滲透樹(shù)脂組封閉效果不佳可能是使用干燥劑(100%乙醇)干燥牙本質(zhì)后,氣槍吹干,膠原纖維網(wǎng)塌陷,影響樹(shù)脂滲透效果;Single Bond為親水性樹(shù)脂,吸水性強(qiáng),通常采用水濕粘接技術(shù)進(jìn)行牙本質(zhì)粘接,該方法的弊端是酸蝕沖洗后粘接界面易殘留多余水分不易揮發(fā),影響樹(shù)脂滲入膠原纖維網(wǎng)和牙本質(zhì)小管,膠原纖維網(wǎng)內(nèi)多余的水分阻礙樹(shù)脂聚合鏈與膠原蛋白鏈相互滲透,Single Bond固化時(shí)聚合收縮與管壁產(chǎn)生縫隙,進(jìn)而影響粘結(jié)力導(dǎo)致牙本質(zhì)盤劈開(kāi)過(guò)程中樹(shù)脂突從管腔脫位。乙醇濕粘接技術(shù)可以置換牙本質(zhì)粘接界面的水分[7],避免上述缺點(diǎn)。滲透樹(shù)脂應(yīng)用乙醇濕粘接組在酸蝕沖洗后使用梯度乙醇脫水,脫水后的膠原纖維橫向直徑收縮[8],纖維間產(chǎn)生更多空間并被乙醇所占據(jù),滲透樹(shù)脂溶于乙醇,對(duì)脫水后的膠原纖維產(chǎn)生親和力,在聚合物和肽鏈之間形成相互交織的網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu),增強(qiáng)了樹(shù)脂對(duì)膠原纖維網(wǎng)和牙本質(zhì)小管的滲透能力[9]。梯度乙醇的使用減少微滲漏[10],增加樹(shù)脂的滲透深度,進(jìn)而形成高質(zhì)量的樹(shù)脂突。
本研究結(jié)果表明,滲透樹(shù)脂應(yīng)用乙醇濕粘接對(duì)牙本質(zhì)的封閉效果較Single Bond及滲透樹(shù)脂好。CHAPPELL等[11]研究顯示,粘接強(qiáng)度與樹(shù)脂突的質(zhì)與量有很大關(guān)系,滲透樹(shù)脂應(yīng)用乙醇濕粘接對(duì)牙本質(zhì)小管口的封堵率、滲透深度及樹(shù)脂突三維飽滿度均較理想,對(duì)粘接強(qiáng)度有著積極的作用,滲透樹(shù)脂與樹(shù)脂粘接劑成分及粘結(jié)機(jī)制類似,兩者聯(lián)合使用理論上可能增強(qiáng)樹(shù)脂粘接劑與牙本質(zhì)的粘接強(qiáng)度,此設(shè)想尚需進(jìn)一步研究證實(shí)。
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(編輯北辰)
The Occluding Effect of Penetrating Resin Combined w ith Ethanol W et-bonding on Dentin Tubule
SUN Bin1,SI Yiheng2,ZHAO Yue2,QU Zhi2
(1.Department of Prosthodontics,The Second Affiliated Hospital,Jinzhou Medical University,Jinzhou 121000,China;2.Department of Orthodontics,The Second Affiliated Hospital,Jinzhou Medical University,Jinzhou 121000,China)
Objective To compare the occluding effect of conventional penetrating resin,Single Bond desensitizer,and penetrating resin combined with ethanol wet-bonding on dentin tubules.Methods Sixty isolated premolar teeth were prepared to form dentin discs.The 60 teeth were divided into 3 groups based on a random number table:Group A,conventional penetrating resin;Group B,Single Bond desensitizer;and Group C,penetrating resin combined with ethanol wet-bonding.Each group comprised 20 teeth.Dentin discs were split in half along the longitudinal axis. Half of the disc served as the control;the other half was coated with desensitizer.Microscopic characteristics of the dentin surface and profile were determined by using a field emission scanning electron microscope.Results In group A,70.10%±2.13%of the dentin tubule openings were covered by the resin.The penetration depth was 50±10.59 μm,and the resin was short and discontinuous.In group B,86.35%±1.73%of the dentin tubules openings were covered.The penetration depth was 69±11.98 μm,and the resin was sparse.In group C,95.65%±1.46%of dentin tubules openings were covered.The penetration depth was 177±9.17 μm,and the resin was compact and filled.Conclusion Penetrating resin combined with ethanol wet-bonding occludes dentin tubules better than conventional penetrating resin and Single Bond desensitizer.
dentin tubules;penetrating resin;Single Bond;scanning electronic microscopy;ethanol wet-bonding
R781.2
A
0258-4646(2017)07-0619-05
10.12007/j.issn.0258-4646.2017.07.010
遼寧省自然科學(xué)基金(2013022012)
孫斌(1985-),男,碩士研究生.
屈直,E-mail:quzhi777@sina.com
2016-10-25
網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版時(shí)間:
中國(guó)醫(yī)科大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)2017年7期