羅 芳 劉艷芳
(江西省萍鄉(xiāng)市中醫(yī)院西門分院內(nèi)十科,萍鄉(xiāng)337000)
中醫(yī)護(hù)理對(duì)老年糖尿病患者遵醫(yī)行為和血糖控制的影響
羅芳劉艷芳
(江西省萍鄉(xiāng)市中醫(yī)院西門分院內(nèi)十科,萍鄉(xiāng)337000)
目的探討中醫(yī)護(hù)理對(duì)老年糖尿病患者遵醫(yī)行為和血糖控制的影響。方法將2014年1月—2016年1月接受治療的64例糖尿病患者納入本研究。按照入院順序抽簽后隨機(jī)分為實(shí)驗(yàn)組和對(duì)照組,對(duì)照組患者采取常規(guī)護(hù)理干預(yù),對(duì)患者進(jìn)行健康宣教、運(yùn)動(dòng)鍛煉等指導(dǎo)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者進(jìn)行辨證中醫(yī)護(hù)理。觀察患者血糖控制情況和遵醫(yī)行為評(píng)分情況。結(jié)果實(shí)驗(yàn)組護(hù)理干預(yù)后FPG、2hPG、HbAlc水平低于干預(yù)前和對(duì)照組(P<0.05),對(duì)照組護(hù)理干預(yù)后FPG、2hPG、HbAlc水平低于干預(yù)前。實(shí)驗(yàn)組護(hù)理干預(yù)后遵醫(yī)行為評(píng)分高于干預(yù)前和對(duì)照組(P<0.05),對(duì)照組護(hù)理干預(yù)后遵醫(yī)行為評(píng)分高于干預(yù)前。結(jié)論中醫(yī)護(hù)理對(duì)老年糖尿病患者遵醫(yī)行為和血糖控制有積極的影響,可改善患者血糖情況,提高遵醫(yī)行為評(píng)分。
中醫(yī)護(hù)理;老年科;糖尿病;遵醫(yī)行為;血糖控制;消渴
隨著社會(huì)發(fā)展,人們飲食結(jié)構(gòu)變化等,使得糖尿病的發(fā)病率不斷增加。糖尿病是一種慢性疾病,對(duì)患者的生活質(zhì)量有著嚴(yán)重的影響[1]。臨床在治療過程中,配合適當(dāng)?shù)淖o(hù)理干預(yù),可提高治療效果。我院開展了中醫(yī)護(hù)理對(duì)老年糖尿病患者遵醫(yī)行為和血糖控制的影響方面的研究?,F(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1.1一般資料將2014年1月—2016年1月來我院接受治療的64例糖尿病患者納入本研究。按照入院順序抽簽后隨機(jī)分為實(shí)驗(yàn)組和對(duì)照組,實(shí)驗(yàn)組男女比例為22∶10;年齡為57~74歲,平均年齡為(68.21±6.55)歲;病程為4~9年,平均病程為(6.59±3.21)年。對(duì)照組男女比例為23∶9;年齡為58~74歲,平均年齡為(67.95±6.74)歲;病程為4~10年,平均病程為(6.87±3.44)年。2組患者的性別比例、年齡構(gòu)成等資料具有可比性(P>0.05)。
1.2納入和排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):符合WHO診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn);均為2型糖尿病;知情同意,簽署知情同意協(xié)議書,可配合完成本研究。
排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):意識(shí)障礙者;合并其他疾病者;精神疾病者。
1.3護(hù)理方法對(duì)照組患者采取常規(guī)護(hù)理干預(yù),對(duì)患者進(jìn)行健康宣教、運(yùn)動(dòng)鍛煉等指導(dǎo)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者進(jìn)行辨證中醫(yī)護(hù)理。根據(jù)患者情況,將患者分為腎陰虛型、胃陰虛型、肺陰虛型和陰陽兩虛型。腎陰虛型患者指導(dǎo)患者多吃豬胰、枸杞子等,要控制食鹽的攝入量,每天保持好心情。胃陰虛型患者多吃蔬菜,保持飲食的清淡,避免暴飲暴食的情況。肺陰虛型患者要多吃蔬菜,保持大便通暢,適當(dāng)進(jìn)行體育鍛煉,控制體重。陰陽兩虛型,多食豬腎、核桃等,減少運(yùn)動(dòng)量,避免發(fā)生酮癥酸中毒等并發(fā)癥。
1.4觀察指標(biāo)觀察患者血糖控制情況和遵醫(yī)行為評(píng)分情況。
遵醫(yī)行為評(píng)分分為4個(gè)項(xiàng)目,每一個(gè)項(xiàng)目設(shè)置10個(gè)題目,一道題1分,滿分40分。分值越高,依從性越好。
1.5統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析使用IBM SPSS Statistics 22統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行本研究數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)量數(shù)據(jù)用(x±s)表示,計(jì)數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)用百分比(%)表示,分別用t和χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.12組患者療效對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn)組護(hù)理干預(yù)后FPG、2hPG、HbAlc水平低于干預(yù)前和對(duì)照組(P<0.05),對(duì)照組護(hù)理干預(yù)后FPG、2hPG、HbAlc水平低于干預(yù)前。見表1。
表1 2組患者臨床療效對(duì)比(±s)
表1 2組患者臨床療效對(duì)比(±s)
注:與同組治療前對(duì)比,△P<0.05,與對(duì)照組對(duì)比,*P<0.05
2hPG(mmol/L)HbAlc(%)20.38±3.249.31±1.34護(hù)理干預(yù)后6.96±0.88△*9.82±1.99△*6.64±0.68△*對(duì)照組32護(hù)理干預(yù)前13.31±2.2220.42±2.959.27±1.11護(hù)理干預(yù)后9.72±1.66△13.56±1.88△7.88±0.77△組別例數(shù)時(shí)間實(shí)驗(yàn)組32護(hù)理干預(yù)前FPG(mmol/L)13.32±2.33
2.22組患者遵醫(yī)行為評(píng)分對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn)組護(hù)理干預(yù)后遵醫(yī)行為評(píng)分高于干預(yù)前和對(duì)照組(P<0.05),對(duì)照組護(hù)理干預(yù)后遵醫(yī)行為評(píng)分高于干預(yù)前。見表2。
表2 2組患者遵醫(yī)行為評(píng)分對(duì)比(±s,分)
表2 2組患者遵醫(yī)行為評(píng)分對(duì)比(±s,分)
注:與同組治療前對(duì)比,△P<0.05,與對(duì)照組對(duì)比,*P<0.05
組別例數(shù)時(shí)間實(shí)驗(yàn)組32護(hù)理干預(yù)前飲食控制29.32±4.48護(hù)理干預(yù)后39.08±2.55△*38.18±3.66△*對(duì)照組32護(hù)理干預(yù)前22.02±3.5528.96±4.46護(hù)理干預(yù)后26.05±2.99△31.18±3.56△血糖監(jiān)控22.07±2.55規(guī)律用藥25.01±3.69 39.23±2.48△*25.01±2.76 37.99±2.66△適量運(yùn)動(dòng)31.18±3.66 39.22±2.66△*313.1±3.68 35.38±2.79△
中醫(yī)研究認(rèn)為,糖尿病屬“消渴”范疇,患者主要表現(xiàn)為多飲、多尿、多食、消瘦等癥狀。臨床需積極治療,減少并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生,提高患者的生活質(zhì)量[2-3]。關(guān)于糖尿病的發(fā)病機(jī)制,中醫(yī)認(rèn)為,其主要是津液虧損、燥熱偏盛所致,所以在治療的時(shí)候,則以養(yǎng)陰陽治本、除燥熱治標(biāo),標(biāo)本兼治,雙管齊下,達(dá)到治療目標(biāo)[4-6]。
在對(duì)糖尿病患者治療過程中,配合適當(dāng)?shù)淖o(hù)理,可輔助提高預(yù)后。本文研究結(jié)果顯示,實(shí)驗(yàn)組護(hù)理干預(yù)后FPG、2hPG、HbAlc水平低于干預(yù)前和對(duì)照組(P<0.05),患者的血糖水平得到較好的控制,臨床癥狀減輕,生活質(zhì)量得到提高。
中醫(yī)護(hù)理干預(yù)低于糖尿病護(hù)理有積極作用,根據(jù)患者的不同分型,可進(jìn)行針對(duì)性的護(hù)理[7]。研究結(jié)果顯示,實(shí)驗(yàn)組護(hù)理干預(yù)后遵醫(yī)行為評(píng)分高于干預(yù)前和對(duì)照組(P<0.05)?;颊咴谘潜O(jiān)控、飲食控制、規(guī)律用藥、適量運(yùn)動(dòng)等方面,均有較好的提高。
對(duì)糖尿病患者的中醫(yī)護(hù)理,還可以采取氣功療法、推拿療法、養(yǎng)生保健等方法[8-10]。氣功療法主要是根據(jù)糖尿病患者體質(zhì)較弱這一情況,以增加氣的生成,減少氣的消耗?;颊呖梢匀⊙雠P位,全身放松,深呼吸,每天練習(xí)1次,每次練習(xí)30 min。推拿療法則主要是根據(jù)患者脊椎節(jié)段和內(nèi)臟之間的關(guān)系,進(jìn)行按摩。養(yǎng)生保健則主要是合理飲食和情志護(hù)理,讓患者保持愉快的心情,促進(jìn)早日康復(fù)。
總之,中醫(yī)護(hù)理對(duì)老年糖尿病患者遵醫(yī)行為和血糖控制有積極的影響,可改善患者血糖情況,提高遵醫(yī)行為評(píng)分。
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Influence of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing on the Treatment Compliance and Glycemic Control for the Elderly Diabetes Patients
LUO Fang,LIU Yanfang
(Department of Internal Medicine,Ximen Branch of Pingxiang Hospital of TCM,Jiangxi Province,Pingxiang 337000,China)
Objective To exPlore the influence of traditional Chinese medicine nursing on the treatment comPliance and glycemic control for the elderly diabetes Patients.Methods 64 cases of Patients with elderly diabetes were randomly divided into exPeriment grouP and control grouP.The control grouP was cared by routine nursing and health education,such as exercise guidance.On the basis of the control grouP,the exPeriment grouP was cared by syndrome differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine nursing.The treatment comPliance and glycemic control were observed.Results The levels of FPG,2hPG and HbAlc of the exPeriment grouP were lower than those before intervention and of the control grouP(P<0.05).The levels of FPG,2hPG and HbAlc of the control grouP were lower than those before intervention(P<0.05).The scores of treatment comPliance of the exPeriment grouP were higher than those before intervention and o fthe control grouP(P<0.05).The scores of treatment comPliance of the control grouP were higher than those before intervention(P<0.05).Conclusion The traditional Chinese medicine nursing has Positive influence on the treatment comPliance and glycemic control for the Patients with the elderly diabetes.It can imProve the blood sugar,and increase the treatment comPliance score.
traditional Chinese medicine nursing;geriatrics;diabetes;treatment comPliance;glycemic control;consumPtive thirst
10.3969/j.issn.1672-2779.2016.17.049
1672-2779(2016)-17-0110-02
(本文編輯:張文娟本文校對(duì):李蘭2016-04-20)