李 蘭 劉 娟
(江西省萍鄉(xiāng)市中醫(yī)院骨一科,萍鄉(xiāng)337000)
冰硝散外敷預(yù)防下肢深靜脈血栓形成護(hù)理中的應(yīng)用
李蘭劉娟
(江西省萍鄉(xiāng)市中醫(yī)院骨一科,萍鄉(xiāng)337000)
目的探討冰硝散外敷在預(yù)防下肢深靜脈血栓形成護(hù)理中的應(yīng)用效果。方法收集2015年1月—2015年12月收治的64例髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)患者納入本研究,隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組與實(shí)驗(yàn)組。對(duì)照組進(jìn)行常規(guī)護(hù)理,對(duì)患者進(jìn)行心理指導(dǎo)、用藥指導(dǎo)、功能鍛煉等。在此基礎(chǔ)上,實(shí)驗(yàn)組進(jìn)行冰硝散外敷。觀察患者療效、大腿周徑、小腿周徑、深靜脈血拴(DVT)發(fā)生情況。結(jié)果實(shí)驗(yàn)組護(hù)理后總有效率為96.88%,高于對(duì)照組的71.88%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),護(hù)理后2組患者大腿周徑均低于護(hù)理前,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);護(hù)理后實(shí)驗(yàn)組大腿周徑低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。護(hù)理后2組患者小腿周徑均低于護(hù)理前,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);護(hù)理后實(shí)驗(yàn)組小腿周徑低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。實(shí)驗(yàn)組護(hù)理后DVT發(fā)生率為9.38%,低于對(duì)照組的34.38%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論冰硝散外敷能夠有效預(yù)防下肢深靜脈血栓形成,提高治療效果,改善大腿周徑、小腿周徑,降低DVT發(fā)生情況。
冰硝散外敷;下肢深靜脈血栓;護(hù)理;應(yīng)用效果;脈痹
機(jī)體可因各種原因,引起血液在靜脈內(nèi)的異常凝固,使得血管腔部分阻塞或者完全阻塞,即靜脈血栓栓塞癥(venous thromboembolism,VTE)[1]。在不同階段,可分為深靜脈血栓(deeP vein thrombosis,DVT)或肺栓塞(Pulmonary embolism,PE),造成循環(huán)功能障礙和呼吸功能障礙[2-3]。研究有效的護(hù)理干預(yù)策略,預(yù)防患者DVT的發(fā)生,有重要臨床意義?,F(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1.1一般資料收集2015年1月—2015年12月收治的64例髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)患者納入本研究,隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組與實(shí)驗(yàn)組。實(shí)驗(yàn)組男女比例為27∶5,年齡61~79歲,平均年齡為(66.84±3.61)歲;對(duì)照組男女比例為28∶4,年齡60~78歲,平均年齡為(65.98±3.57)歲;排除合并心腦血管病者,有全身血液系統(tǒng)或免疫系統(tǒng)疾病者。兩組患者一般資料差異不明顯(P>0.05),可以用作對(duì)比。
1.2治療方法對(duì)照組進(jìn)行常規(guī)護(hù)理,對(duì)患者進(jìn)行心理指導(dǎo)、用藥指導(dǎo)、功能鍛煉等。在此基礎(chǔ)上,實(shí)驗(yàn)組進(jìn)行冰硝散外敷。芒硝2000 g,冰片10 g,研磨,攪拌均勻,裝入布袋中,密封,攤平在患肢處。進(jìn)行固定,等到布袋濕透,皮膚有水珠滲出后,進(jìn)行更換。每隔1天換1次袋內(nèi)的藥物。連續(xù)1周。
1.3療效評(píng)價(jià)觀察患者療效、大腿周徑、小腿周徑、DVT發(fā)生情況指標(biāo)。療效評(píng)價(jià):患者未出現(xiàn)血栓,雙下肢周徑相差不大為顯效;患者輕度血栓,雙下肢周徑相差<1cm為有效;其他為無效??傆行蕿轱@效率和有效率的和。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析2組數(shù)據(jù)資料均應(yīng)用SPSS17.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)和分析,數(shù)值采用(x±s)表示,計(jì)數(shù)資料采用率(%)表示,分別用t和χ2檢驗(yàn),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義用P<0.05表示。
2.12組患者療效對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn)組護(hù)理后總有效率為96.88%,高于對(duì)照組的71.88%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表1。
表1 2組患者臨床療效對(duì)比[例(%)]
2.22組患者治療前后大腿周徑對(duì)比護(hù)理后2組患者大腿周徑均低于護(hù)理前,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);護(hù)理后實(shí)驗(yàn)組大腿周徑低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表2。
表2 2組患者護(hù)理前后大腿周徑對(duì)比(±s,cm)
表2 2組患者護(hù)理前后大腿周徑對(duì)比(±s,cm)
注:與同組護(hù)理前對(duì)比,△P<0.05,與對(duì)照組對(duì)比,*P<0.05
組別例數(shù)護(hù)理前護(hù)理后實(shí)驗(yàn)組325.92±2.441.58±1.02△*對(duì)照組325.79±1.662.38±1.25△
2.32組患者治療前后小腿周徑對(duì)比護(hù)理后2組患者小腿周徑均低于護(hù)理前,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);護(hù)理后實(shí)驗(yàn)組小腿周徑低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表3。
表3 2組患者護(hù)理前后小腿周徑對(duì)比(±s,cm)
表3 2組患者護(hù)理前后小腿周徑對(duì)比(±s,cm)
注:與同組護(hù)理前對(duì)比,△P<0.05,與對(duì)照組對(duì)比,*P<0.05
組別例數(shù)護(hù)理前護(hù)理后實(shí)驗(yàn)組323.87±1.151.22±0.55△*對(duì)照組323.88±1.021.84±0.66△
2.42組患者DVT發(fā)生情況對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn)組護(hù)理后DVT發(fā)生率為9.38%,低于對(duì)照組的34.38%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表4。
表4 2組患者DVT發(fā)生情況對(duì)比[例(%)]
靜脈疾病在血管外科疾病中占較大比例,而且以下肢為主。下肢靜脈疾病又可分為血液倒流和血液回流障礙2種[4-6]。DVT屬中醫(yī)學(xué)中的“腫脹”“股腫”“瘀血流注”“血瘀證”范疇,其發(fā)病率在不斷增加[7-8]。臨床在治療該病癥的時(shí)候,主要是溶栓、抗凝為主,然而,效果欠佳[9-11]。研究有效的干預(yù)措施,可以改善患者的生活質(zhì)量,減少DVT的發(fā)生。
冰硝散其主要成份為冰片和芒硝,可以減少DVT的發(fā)生。在《別錄》中就已經(jīng)有芒硝的記載,能夠?yàn)a下攻積、清熱消腫,外敷的時(shí)候,以硫酸根離子的形式存在,能夠促進(jìn)組織水分滲出體外,減輕腫脹組織對(duì)血管的壓迫,減少靜脈回流阻力,改善機(jī)體的局部血液循環(huán)情況[12-13]。冰片則可以去翳明目、消腫鎮(zhèn)痛,改善上皮細(xì)胞的通透性。因此,冰硝散在改善腫脹、減少DVT發(fā)生方面,效果較好。本文研究結(jié)果顯示,實(shí)驗(yàn)組護(hù)理后總有效率為96.88%,高于對(duì)照組的71.88%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),護(hù)理后實(shí)驗(yàn)組大腿周徑低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。護(hù)理后實(shí)驗(yàn)組小腿周徑低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。在各個(gè)方面,患者均得到了較好的改善。
在進(jìn)行冰硝散外敷的時(shí)候,注意觀察患者是否有過敏反應(yīng),避免用手抓,降低皮膚破損情況的發(fā)生。中醫(yī)研究認(rèn)為,DVT的生成,主要是和血瘀為本、濕熱為標(biāo)有關(guān)系,冰硝散的主要成分,均性寒清熱、味苦燥濕,可以通過皮膚吸收,達(dá)到治療的效果[14]。
總之,冰硝散外敷能夠有效預(yù)防下肢深靜脈血栓形成,提高治療效果,改善大腿周徑、小腿周徑,降低DVT發(fā)生情況。
[1]劉惠潔.冰硝散外敷治療下肢深靜脈血栓形成患肢水腫的療效觀察[J].中國現(xiàn)代醫(yī)生,2010,48(8):127,150.
[2]張晨,熊昌源,高駿.下肢深靜脈血栓形成的中西醫(yī)治療進(jìn)展[J].湖北中醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),2010,12(3):63-67.
[3]ShresthaGS,Poudyal BS,SedainG,etal.Cerebral venous thrombosis presenting with intracerebral hemorrhage in a patient with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria[J].IndianJ CritCareMed,2016,20(2):117-119.
[4]Bauer PR,Daniels CE,Sampathkumar P.Complications of Central Venous Catheterization[J].NEngl J Med,2016,374(15):1491.
[5]郭雙云,邢燕燕.冰硝散治療急性下肢深靜脈血栓護(hù)理體會(huì)[J].內(nèi)蒙古中醫(yī)藥,2010,29(24):143-144.
[6]譚旭儀,龔志賢,盧敏.骨科大手術(shù)后下肢深靜脈血栓形成的中醫(yī)藥臨床研究概況[J].湖南中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2011,31(3):79-81.
[7]單瑋.下肢深靜脈血栓形成的中醫(yī)治療概況[J].上海中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2011,25(4):99-102.
[8]Han D,ó Hartaigh B,Lee JH,et al.Impact of D-Dimer for Prediction of Incident Occult Cancer in Patients with Unprovoked Venous Thromboembolism[J].PLoS One,2016,11(4):e0153514.
[9]Soyer B,Rusca M,Lukaszewicz AC,et al.Outcome of a cohort of severe cerebral venousthrombosisinintensivecare[J].AnnIntensiveCare,2016,6 (1):29.
[10]李靜,屠洪斌.惡性腫瘤并發(fā)下肢深靜脈血栓形成的原因及護(hù)理進(jìn)展[J].臨床肺科雜志,2013,18(2):387-388.
[11]張新剛.中西醫(yī)結(jié)合介入治療急性下肢深靜脈血栓形成[J].實(shí)用臨床醫(yī)藥雜志,2012,16(11):66-69.
[12]Mahmoud MI,Saadany A,Hassan M,et al.Case report:A rare cause of haemoptysis in a male with unprovoked deep venous thrombosis[J].Breathe (Sheff),2016,12(1):e12-19.
[13]李艷玲,周春玉.116例高齡股骨骨折患者深靜脈血栓預(yù)防與護(hù)理[J].遼寧中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2014,16(12):197-199.
[14]楊雪松,陳柏楠.中西醫(yī)結(jié)合治療下肢深靜脈血栓形成概況[J].山東中醫(yī)雜志,2014,33(1):74-76.
[15]馬海萍.腦卒中偏癱患者下肢深靜脈血栓的預(yù)防和護(hù)理[J].上海醫(yī)藥,2014,35(12):23-25.
The Application of Bingxiao Powder External Application in the Prevention of Deep Vein Thrombosis
LI Lan,LIU Juan
(Department of Orthopedics,Pingxiang Hospital of TCM,Jiangxi Province,Pingxiang 337000,China)
Objective To exPlore the nursing effect of Bingxiao Powder external aPPlication in the Prevention of deeP vein thrombosis. Methods 64 cases of Patients with hiP rePlacement from January 2015 to December 2015 were divided into exPeriment grouP and control grouP.The control grouP was given routine nursing,such as Psychological guidance,medication guidance and functional exercise,etc.On this basis,the exPerimental grouP was treated by Bingxiao Powder external aPPlication.The curative effect,the thigh circumference,the leg circumference and DVT were observed.Results The total effective rate of the exPerimental grouP was 96.88% which was higher than 71.88%of the control grouP,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).After nursing,the thigh circumference of the 2 grouPs was lower than that before treatment,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). After nursing,the leg circumference of the 2 grouPs was lower than that before treatment,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).After nursing,the leg circumference of the exPerimental grouP was lower than that of the control grouP,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).After nursing,the incidence of DVT of the exPerimental grouP was 9.38% which was less than 34.38%of the control grouP,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Bingxiao Powder external aPPlication can be effective in Preventing deeP vein thrombosis of lower limb,imProve the theraPeutic effect,the thigh circumference and the leg circumference,reduce the incidence of DVT.
Bingxiao Powder external aPPlication;deeP vein thrombosis;nursing;aPPlication effect;vessel bi-disease
10.3969/j.issn.1672-2779.2016.17.047
1672-2779(2016)-17-0106-02
(本文編輯:張文娟本文校對(duì):柳嬌娜2016-04-19)