馮若 王麗萍 柴玉榮 郭文文 翟文龍
·基礎(chǔ)研究·
P38與內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激誘導(dǎo)胃癌細(xì)胞順鉑耐藥的關(guān)系*
馮若①王麗萍①柴玉榮①郭文文①翟文龍②
目的:探討P38在內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激誘導(dǎo)胃癌細(xì)胞中對順鉑產(chǎn)生耐藥的作用。方法:采用衣霉素及毒胡蘿卜素建立胃癌細(xì)胞內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激模型,用Western blot技術(shù)檢測內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激標(biāo)志物GRP78的表達(dá);流式細(xì)胞儀技術(shù)檢測內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激能否降低胃癌細(xì)胞對順鉑的敏感性;Western blot技術(shù)檢測內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激對P38激活狀態(tài)的影響;流式細(xì)胞儀技術(shù)檢測P38通路受阻能否逆轉(zhuǎn)內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激誘導(dǎo)的胃癌細(xì)胞對順鉑的耐藥現(xiàn)象。結(jié)果:衣霉素(或毒胡蘿卜素)處理胃癌細(xì)胞BGC823及SGC7901 8、16、24 h后,GRP78蛋白表達(dá)量均明顯高于0 h組。衣霉素(或毒胡蘿卜素)組、順鉑組及衣霉素(或毒胡蘿卜素)加順鉑組胃癌細(xì)胞系的凋亡率均明顯高于對照組(P<0.05),衣霉素(或毒胡蘿卜素)加順鉑組凋亡率明顯低于順鉑組(P<0.05)。衣霉素(或毒胡蘿卜素)處理胃癌細(xì)胞BGC823及SGC7901 8、16、24 h后,P38的磷酸化水平明顯高于0 h組,而各組P38蛋白表達(dá)水平無明顯變化;P38抑制劑SB203580或PD169316均可抑制P38的激活。阻斷P38通路可基本恢復(fù)內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激狀態(tài)下胃癌細(xì)胞對順鉑的敏感性(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激可通過激活P38通路誘導(dǎo)胃癌細(xì)胞對順鉑產(chǎn)生耐藥,阻斷該通路可抑制內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激誘導(dǎo)胃癌細(xì)胞對其耐藥現(xiàn)象。
內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激 胃癌細(xì)胞 P38 順鉑 耐藥
胃癌發(fā)病率在世界范圍內(nèi)居惡性腫瘤發(fā)病率第二位,且發(fā)病率呈上升趨勢,發(fā)病年齡也趨于年輕化,死亡率位于我國惡性腫瘤死亡率之首[1-2]。我國胃癌患者就診時,大多已是中晚期,失去了根治性手術(shù)治療的機會,治療方案多為以化療為主的綜合治療,預(yù)后極差。雖然化療藥物可提高晚期胃癌患者的生存期,但總體療效仍不理想,其中多藥耐藥現(xiàn)象是導(dǎo)致胃癌化療失敗的主要原因。順鉑作為胃癌患者化療的一線藥物,耐藥現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重,深入探討胃癌細(xì)胞對順鉑產(chǎn)生耐藥的機制十分必要。
內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激在腫瘤組織中普遍存在,可激活細(xì)胞內(nèi)一系列的代償機制,對細(xì)胞發(fā)揮保護(hù)作用,可能參與耐藥機制。P38是MAPK家族的重要成員,在胃癌細(xì)胞生存、分化及增殖等方面起到重要的調(diào)控作用[3-6]。但關(guān)于內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激與胃癌細(xì)胞耐藥的關(guān)系及P38在內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激誘導(dǎo)胃癌細(xì)胞耐藥中的作用知之甚少。本研究擬探討內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激與胃癌細(xì)胞耐藥的關(guān)系,為闡明胃癌細(xì)胞的耐藥機制注入新的內(nèi)容。
1.1 材料
胎牛血清與RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)基購自美國GIBCO公司;磷酸化P38特異性抑制劑PD169316及SB203580、衣霉素(tunicamycin,TM)及毒胡蘿卜素(thapsigargin,TG)購自美國Sigma公司;順鉑購自齊魯制藥有限公司;兔抗人GRP78抗體、HRP酶標(biāo)二抗、兔抗人p-P38抗體、兔抗人P38抗體及ECL發(fā)光試劑盒購自美國CellSignaling公司;2×TaqPCRMastermix及逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒購自北京天根生物公司。TRIzol試劑及DEPC購自美國Invitrogen公司;由上海生工公司合成PCR引物。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng) 人胃腺癌細(xì)胞系SGC7901及BGC823購自美國模式培養(yǎng)物集存庫(American type culture collection,ATCC)。采用RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)基(含10%胎牛血清)貼壁培養(yǎng)BGC823或SGC7901于含5%CO2、37℃飽和濕度的恒溫培養(yǎng)箱內(nèi)。
1.2.2 內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激模型建立 用內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激誘導(dǎo)劑5μg/mL衣霉素或1μg/mL毒胡蘿卜素分別處理BGC823及SGC7901細(xì)胞0、8、16及24 h,Western blot檢測內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激標(biāo)志物GRP78表達(dá);用5 μg/mL衣霉素或1 μg/mL毒胡蘿卜素分別處理胃癌細(xì)胞BGC823及SGC7901 0 h及8 h,RT-PCR技術(shù)檢測GRP78的mRNA表達(dá)。β-actin作為內(nèi)參基因,目的基因及內(nèi)參基因的引物序列如下:GRP78:上游引物:5'-ATCACG CCGTCCTATGTCGC-3';下游引物:5'-GCAATAGCAG CTGCCGTAGGCT-3';擴增片斷長度為443bp。β-actin:上游引物:5'-TCAGAAGGATTCCTATGTGG GC-3';下游引物:5'-CATCTCTTGCTCGAAGTCCAG-3';擴增片斷長度為532 bp。PCR反應(yīng)條件如下:94℃、3 min;30個循環(huán)(94℃、30 s;57℃、30 s;72℃、60 s);72℃、5 min;4℃、5 min。
1.2.3 Western blot技術(shù)檢測P38及磷酸化P38的表達(dá) 用內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激誘導(dǎo)劑5 μg/mL衣霉素或1 μg/mL毒胡蘿卜素分別處理BGC823及SGC7901細(xì)胞0、8、16及24 h,Western blot技術(shù)檢測各時間點P38及磷酸化P38的表達(dá),以明確內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激是否激活P38通路。將胃癌細(xì)胞BGC823及SGC7901分別分組如下:未加藥對照組、衣霉素組(5 μg/mL衣霉素孵育9 h)、SB203580或PD169316+衣霉素組(10 μg/mL SB203580或10 μg/mL PD169316預(yù)處理細(xì)胞1 h,再加5 μg/mL衣霉素繼續(xù)孵育8 h),Western blot技術(shù)檢測各組P38及p-P38的表達(dá),以檢測磷酸化P38特異性抑制劑SB203580或PD169316對內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激狀態(tài)下P38通路的抑制效果。
1.2.4 流式細(xì)胞儀技術(shù)檢測內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激對胃癌細(xì)胞化療藥物敏感性的影響 將BGC823及SGC7901分為未加藥對照組、衣霉素組(5 μg/mL衣霉素孵育56 h)、5 μg/mL順鉑組及衣霉素+順鉑組(5 μg/mL衣霉素預(yù)處理8 h,再加5μg/mL順鉑孵育48 h),流式細(xì)胞儀技術(shù)檢測各組胃癌細(xì)胞凋亡率,以探討內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激是否降低胃癌細(xì)胞對順鉑的敏感性;將胃癌細(xì)胞BGC823分為未加藥對照組、10 μg/mL SB203580或10 μg/mL PD169316組、5 μg/mL衣霉素組;SB203580或PD169316+衣霉素組(10 μg/mL SB203580或10 μg/mL PD169316預(yù)處理細(xì)胞1 h,再加5 μg/mL衣霉素繼續(xù)孵育)、順鉑組(5μg/mL順鉑孵育48 h)、SB203580或PD169316+順鉑組(10 μg/mL SB203580或10 μg/mL PD169316預(yù)處理細(xì)胞1 h,再加5 μg/mL順鉑繼續(xù)孵育48 h)、衣霉素+順鉑組(5μg/mL衣霉素孵育8 h,再加 5 μg/mL順鉑繼續(xù)孵育 48 h)、SB203580或PD169316+衣霉素+順鉑組(10 μg/mL SB203580或10μg/mLPD169316預(yù)處理細(xì)胞1 h,5μg/mL衣霉素孵育8 h,再加5μg/mL順鉑繼續(xù)孵育48 h),流式細(xì)胞儀檢測各組細(xì)胞凋亡率,以檢測P38通路受阻對內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激誘導(dǎo)胃癌細(xì)胞耐藥的影響。以上實驗均重復(fù)3次,數(shù)值均以x±s表示。
1.3 統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析
采用SPSS 10.0軟件對實驗數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析,采用LSD檢驗法分別進(jìn)行各組間比較及組間兩兩多重比較。以α=0.05作為檢驗水準(zhǔn)。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2.1 衣霉素或毒胡蘿卜素誘導(dǎo)GRP78在胃癌細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)
Westernblot檢測顯示,與相應(yīng)的0h組相比,衣霉素或毒胡蘿卜素處理胃癌細(xì)胞BGC823或SGC7901 GRP78 8、16及24 h后,GRP78蛋白表達(dá)量均明顯增高(圖1,圖2)。RT-PCR結(jié)果顯示:與相應(yīng)的0 h組相比,衣霉素處理胃癌細(xì)胞BGC823或SGC7901 GRP78 8 h后,GRP78mRNA表達(dá)量明顯增高;與相應(yīng)的0 h組相比,毒胡蘿卜素處理胃癌細(xì)胞BGC823或SGC7901 GRP788h后,GRP78mRNA表達(dá)量明顯增高(圖3)。
圖1 衣霉素處理胃癌細(xì)胞后GRP78的蛋白表達(dá)情況Figure 1 Protein expression of GRP78 in gastric cancer cells after tunic?amycin treatment
圖2 毒胡蘿卜素處理胃癌細(xì)胞后GRP78的蛋白表達(dá)情況Figure 2 Protein expression of GRP78 in gastric cancer cells after thapsi?gargin treatment
圖3 內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激誘導(dǎo)劑處理胃癌細(xì)胞后GRP78的mRNA表達(dá)情況Figure 3 mRNA expression of GRP78 in gastric cancer cells after ER stress-induced treatment
2.2 內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激降低了胃癌細(xì)胞對順鉑的敏感性
流式細(xì)胞儀結(jié)果顯示,與相應(yīng)的對照組相比,各藥物處理組細(xì)胞凋亡率均明顯增高(P<0.05);與相應(yīng)的順鉑處理組相比,衣霉素+順鉑處理組及毒胡蘿卜素+順鉑處理組凋亡率均明顯下降(P<0.05,表1)。
表1 各組細(xì)胞凋亡率Table 1 Apoptotic rate of each group
2.3 內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激可在胃癌細(xì)胞BGC823中激活P38通路
Western blot結(jié)果顯示,與相應(yīng)的0 h組相比,衣霉素處理BGC823或SGC7901 8、16 h及24 h后,P38的磷酸化水平均明顯增高;但各組P38蛋白表達(dá)水平則無明顯差別(圖4)。毒胡蘿卜素處理BGC823或SGC7901 8、16及24 h后,P38的磷酸化水平均亦明顯增高;且各組P38蛋白表達(dá)水平無明顯差別(圖5)。
2.4 磷酸化P38抑制劑可阻斷內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激狀態(tài)下胃癌細(xì)胞內(nèi)P38通路的活化
Western blot結(jié)果顯示,與相應(yīng)的對照組相比,衣霉素處理組BGC823的P38磷酸化水平明顯增高(P<0.05);而PD169316(或SB203580)+衣霉素處理組P38磷酸化水平與對照組無明顯差別(圖6)。
2.5 P38通路受阻對內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激誘導(dǎo)胃癌細(xì)胞耐藥的影響
流式細(xì)胞儀結(jié)果顯示,各藥物處理組細(xì)胞凋亡率均明顯高于對照組(P<0.05);SB203580+順鉑處理組細(xì)胞凋亡率明顯高于SB203580處理組(P<0.05),但SB203580與順鉑并無協(xié)同效應(yīng)(P>0.05);衣霉素+順鉑處理組細(xì)胞凋亡率明顯低于順鉑處理組(P<0.05);SB203580+衣霉素+順鉑處理組細(xì)胞凋亡率明顯高于衣霉素+順鉑處理組(P<0.05),但與順鉑處理組無明顯差別(P>0.05,圖7)。
將磷酸化P38抑制劑SB203580換為PD169316,結(jié)果與SB203580相似。即各藥物處理組細(xì)胞凋亡率均明顯高于對照組(P<0.05);PD169316+順鉑處理組細(xì)胞凋亡率明顯高于PD169316處理組(P<0.05),但PD169316與順鉑并無協(xié)同效應(yīng)(P>0.05);衣霉素+順鉑處理組細(xì)胞凋亡率明顯低于順鉑處理組(P<0.05);PD169316+衣霉素+順鉑處理組細(xì)胞凋亡率明顯高于衣霉素+順鉑處理組(P<0.05),但與順鉑處理組無明顯差別(P>0.05,圖7)。
圖4 衣霉素處理胃癌細(xì)胞不同時間后P38磷酸化狀態(tài)的改變Figure 4 Phosphorylation changes of P38 in gastric cancer cells after tu?nicamycin treatment for different periods
圖5 毒胡蘿卜素素處理胃癌細(xì)胞不同時間后P38磷酸化狀態(tài)的改變Figure 5 Phosphorylation changes of P38 in gastric cancer cells after thapsigargin treatment for different periods
圖6 磷酸化P38抑制劑對內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激狀態(tài)下BGC823細(xì)胞內(nèi)P38活性的影響Figure 6 Inhibition effects of phospho-P38 inhibitors on P38 activity in BGC823 gastric cancer cells upon ER stress
圖7 各組細(xì)胞凋亡率Figure 7 Apoptotic rate of each group
中晚期胃癌患者5年生存率的關(guān)鍵在于如何改善胃癌細(xì)胞多藥耐藥現(xiàn)象以提高胃癌細(xì)胞對化療藥物的敏感性[7-8]。為此,國內(nèi)外學(xué)者從不同角度探討了胃癌多藥耐藥機制。但關(guān)于胃癌細(xì)胞自身的生長環(huán)境與生長狀態(tài)與其對藥物的敏感性關(guān)系的研究則鮮有報道。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激在腫瘤組織內(nèi)普遍存在,而內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激狀態(tài)下,腫瘤細(xì)胞對化療藥物敏感性明顯降低,表明內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激可能是腫瘤細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生多藥耐藥的重要誘因[9]。
當(dāng)某些因素擾亂蛋白質(zhì)折疊時,可導(dǎo)致未折疊的蛋白質(zhì)堆積于內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)腔內(nèi),為消除或緩解內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)腔內(nèi)的未折疊蛋白質(zhì)的堆積狀態(tài),細(xì)胞會產(chǎn)生一系列代償性自我保護(hù)反應(yīng),該反應(yīng)稱為未折疊蛋白質(zhì)反應(yīng)或內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激反應(yīng)。內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激可通過XBP1激活PI3K/Akt通路,引發(fā)黑色素瘤細(xì)胞對化療藥物產(chǎn)生耐藥[10]。大多數(shù)黑色素瘤組織內(nèi)Braf通路均處于激活狀態(tài),常被看作有效的藥物治療靶點,而內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激可誘導(dǎo)黑色素瘤細(xì)胞發(fā)生自我保護(hù)性自噬現(xiàn)象,致使黑色素瘤細(xì)胞對Braf抑制劑產(chǎn)生耐藥[11]。
除此之外,在乳腺癌、膠質(zhì)瘤及肝癌等多種腫瘤中也證實了內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激可誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞耐藥[12-14]。而關(guān)于內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激在胃癌細(xì)胞化療耐藥中的作用則未見報道。
Zhang等[15]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激誘導(dǎo)胃癌細(xì)胞發(fā)生的凋亡率很低,其主要原因在于內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激狀態(tài)下,胃癌細(xì)胞可激活絲裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-acti?vated protein kinase,MAPK)等通路,并可上調(diào)癌基因如Bcl-2等的表達(dá),提示內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激對胃癌細(xì)胞起到重要的保護(hù)作用。作為細(xì)胞的自我保護(hù)性反應(yīng),內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激反應(yīng)與胃癌細(xì)胞耐藥的關(guān)系值得關(guān)注。
本研究采用了N-糖鏈抑制劑衣霉素通過干擾蛋白質(zhì)的糖基化來誘導(dǎo)胃癌細(xì)胞發(fā)生內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激反應(yīng)。分子伴侶葡萄糖調(diào)節(jié)蛋白78(glucose regulated protein 78,GRP78)在內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激狀態(tài)下表達(dá)量顯著增強。而GRP78高表達(dá)常作為檢測內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激存在的指標(biāo)。本實驗結(jié)果表明衣霉素處理兩種不同的胃癌細(xì)胞系后,GRP78的表達(dá)量均顯著提高,提示衣霉素可誘導(dǎo)胃癌細(xì)胞發(fā)生內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激。本研究還選用了另一種內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激誘導(dǎo)劑毒胡蘿卜素,通過干擾細(xì)胞內(nèi)鈣離子平衡誘發(fā)內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激,借以消除單一內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激誘導(dǎo)劑的偏靶效應(yīng)。結(jié)果與衣霉素相似,毒胡蘿卜素可致兩種不同的胃癌細(xì)胞系中GRP78的表達(dá)量顯著增加,誘發(fā)其發(fā)生內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激狀態(tài)下,兩種不同分化程度的胃癌細(xì)胞系對化療藥物順鉑的敏感性均明顯下降,提示內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激誘導(dǎo)胃癌細(xì)胞對順鉑產(chǎn)生耐藥。
內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激可激活細(xì)胞的生存或增殖通路,起到保護(hù)細(xì)胞的作用。在內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞及成纖維細(xì)胞等多種類型的細(xì)胞中,內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激均可激活P38絲裂原活化蛋白激酶通路[16-18]。P38亦參與調(diào)控胃癌細(xì)胞的生存、增殖及分化等生物學(xué)活動。因此,P38通路可能與內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激降低胃癌細(xì)胞對化療藥物的敏感性有關(guān)。本研究結(jié)果顯示內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激可激活胃癌細(xì)胞內(nèi)P38通路。為揭示P38在內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激誘導(dǎo)胃癌細(xì)胞耐藥中的作用并避免單一小分子抑制劑的偏靶效應(yīng),本研究采用兩種結(jié)構(gòu)不同的磷酸化P38特異性抑制劑SB203580和PD169316來阻斷該通路,結(jié)果顯示這兩種抑制劑均能有效阻斷內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激誘導(dǎo)P38通路的激活,且該通路受阻則可基本逆轉(zhuǎn)內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激誘導(dǎo)胃癌細(xì)胞對順鉑的耐藥現(xiàn)象,提示內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激可通過激活P38通路誘導(dǎo)胃癌細(xì)胞對順鉑產(chǎn)生耐藥。
內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激借助三種內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激感受蛋白IRE1、ATF6及PERK來啟動一系列自我保護(hù)反應(yīng),來維持細(xì)胞的生存狀態(tài)。其中內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激可經(jīng)IRE1通路激活PI3/Akt,進(jìn)而誘導(dǎo)黑色素瘤細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生耐藥;內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激則主要通過ATF6通路來調(diào)控視網(wǎng)膜母細(xì)胞瘤的生存狀態(tài)[10];對于神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)瘤來說,PERK在調(diào)控內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激介導(dǎo)其對化療藥物敏感性方面發(fā)揮重要作用[13]。這些研究表明不同細(xì)胞類型或不同因素誘導(dǎo)下,內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激可借助不同的啟動蛋白參與調(diào)控細(xì)胞耐藥。但關(guān)于內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激感受蛋白與胃癌細(xì)胞內(nèi)P38激活之間的關(guān)系,以及P38與其他生存通路之間的關(guān)系還有待于深入探討。
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(2015-05-06收稿)
(2015-06-16修回)
(編輯:鄭莉)
Role of P38 in endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced chemoresistance to cisplatin in gastric cancer cells
Ruo FENG1,Liping WANG1,Yurong CHAI1,Wenwen GUO1,Wenlong ZHAI2
1Department of Histology and Embryology,Medical College of Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China;2Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery,the FirstAffiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450052,China.
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81401995)and the Basic and Advanced Technology Research of Henan(No.132300410109).
Wenlong ZHAI;E-mail:zhai-wl@hotmail.com
Objective:To investigate the mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress-induced chemoresistance to cisplatin in gastric cancer cells.Methods:ER stress models were established in both BGC823 and SGC7901 gastric cancer cells.The expression of GRP78,an ER stress marker,was examined by Western blot analysis.Moreover,whether ER stress can decrease the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to cisplatin and activate P38 was explored by flow cytometry and Western blot analysis,respectively.Whether ER stress-induced chemoresistance to cisplatin can be abrogated by blocking P38 activity in gastric cancer was also elucidated using flow cytometry.Results:GRP78 protein expression markedly increased after treating BGC823 and SGC7901 gastric cancer cells with tunicamycin(TM)or thapsigargin(TG)for 8,16,and 24 h(P<0.05),compared with that in the group treated for 0 h.The apoptotic rates of TM-(or TG)-,cisplatin-,and TM(or TG)plus cisplatin-treated groups significantly increased(P<0.05)in both BGC823 and SGC7901 gastric cancer cells compared with the rate in the control group.The apoptotic rate of TM(or TG)plus cisplatin-treated group significantly decreased(P<0.05)in both BGC823 and SGC7901 gastric cancer cells compared with that of the cisplatin-treated group.Compared with the group treated for 0 h,phospho-P38 expression markedly increased after treating BGC823 and SGC7901 gastric cancer cells with TM(or TG)for 8,16,and 24 h(P<0.05).No difference in P38 protein expression was observed between each group in both BGC823 and SGC7901 gastric cancer cells(P>0.05).Both P38 inhibitors,either SB203580 or PD169316,can inhibit the activation of P38.The inhibition of P38 activity can overcome ER stress-induced chemoresistance to cisplatin in gastric cancer cells(P<0.05).Conclusion:ER stress can trigger the chemoresistance to cisplatin by activating P38 in gastric cancer cells.
endoplasmic reticulum stress,gastric cancer cell,P38,cisplatin,chemoresistance
10.3969/j.issn.1000-8179.20150508
①鄭州大學(xué)基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)院組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)教研室(鄭州市450001);②鄭州大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院肝膽外科
*本文課題受國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(編號:81401995)和河南省基礎(chǔ)與前沿技術(shù)研究項目(編號:132300410109)資助
翟文龍 zhai-wl@hotmail.com
馮若 專業(yè)方向為消化系統(tǒng)腫瘤基礎(chǔ)研究。
E-mail:fr@zzu.edu.cn