国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

骨關(guān)節(jié)炎早期診斷及進(jìn)展預(yù)測(cè)

2015-05-30 13:48:44俞建鈺等
關(guān)鍵詞:骨關(guān)節(jié)炎診斷綜述

俞建鈺等

【摘 要】 結(jié)合癥狀及生活方式、生化標(biāo)志物、影像和基因4個(gè)方面的研究進(jìn)展,對(duì)近年骨關(guān)節(jié)炎早期診斷和進(jìn)展預(yù)測(cè)進(jìn)行綜述。

【關(guān)鍵詞】 骨關(guān)節(jié)炎;診斷;預(yù)測(cè);綜述

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4174.2015.07.016

骨關(guān)節(jié)炎(osteoarthritis,OA)是最常見的肌肉骨骼疾病,全球患病人數(shù)過億[1]。OA的病理機(jī)制以關(guān)節(jié)周圍的軟骨丟失和骨贅形成為特征,多種細(xì)胞因子參與發(fā)病[2]。OA除給患者帶來痛苦外,還導(dǎo)致勞動(dòng)能力的下降以及大量的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用支

出[3-4]。治療上除了關(guān)節(jié)置換外,尚無有效的治療措施能夠在骨結(jié)構(gòu)上改善病情,大部分治療都是以緩解疼痛癥狀為主,并且緩解率也不是很

高[5-6]。因此,早期診斷及準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)疾病的進(jìn)展,從而進(jìn)行有效的干預(yù)措施顯得尤為重要。目前,OA的診斷主要依靠關(guān)節(jié)平片上的關(guān)節(jié)間隙狹窄,難以實(shí)現(xiàn)早期診斷。同時(shí)它對(duì)病情的改變也非常不敏感,難以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)病情進(jìn)展的預(yù)測(cè),MRI雖然取得了不少成果,但是目前國(guó)際上在MRI替代關(guān)節(jié)平片問題上還沒達(dá)成一致[7]。生化標(biāo)志物被寄予厚望,也取得了不少進(jìn)展,已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了多種與OA相關(guān)的生化標(biāo)志物。國(guó)際OA研究學(xué)會(huì)(OARSI)和美國(guó)FDA將生化標(biāo)志物分為6大類,分別為:評(píng)估骨關(guān)節(jié)炎病情嚴(yán)重程度(Burden of disease),用于臨床試驗(yàn)(Investigative),評(píng)估預(yù)后(Prognostic),評(píng)估干預(yù)療效(Efficacy of intervention),用于診斷(Diagnostic),評(píng)估干預(yù)安全性(Safety)[8]。雖然很多生化標(biāo)志物能夠符合上述分類的一種或幾種,有的還實(shí)現(xiàn)了商品化,但是目前FDA還未批準(zhǔn)任何一個(gè)與OA相關(guān)的生化標(biāo)志物[7]。本文旨在復(fù)習(xí)近年OA早期診斷和進(jìn)展預(yù)測(cè)的研究進(jìn)展,展望未來的研究方向。

1 早期診斷

1.1 癥狀和生活習(xí)慣 膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛是膝OA患者最重要的主訴,但是特異性并不高。英國(guó)利茲大學(xué)風(fēng)濕性疾病研究所的Hensor等[9]使用OA促進(jìn)項(xiàng)目(osteoarthritis Initiative,OAI)的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行研究,共納入了4673例患者的WOMAC(根據(jù)患者相關(guān)癥狀及體征來評(píng)估其關(guān)節(jié)炎的嚴(yán)重程度及治療療效)數(shù)據(jù)。在所有OAI的數(shù)據(jù)中,疼痛得分最高的依次為走樓梯、步行、站立位、半臥位/坐位,最后是臥床。連續(xù)隨訪多次都是按照這種順序排列。研究人員認(rèn)為,患者自訴的負(fù)重下膝關(guān)節(jié)彎曲運(yùn)動(dòng)(如走樓梯等)時(shí)膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛是早期OA的最初表現(xiàn),以此進(jìn)行篩查有助于更早診斷OA,從而進(jìn)行有效的干預(yù)以達(dá)到更好的治療效果。

職業(yè)因素影響人的活動(dòng)和行為模式,可能參與OA的發(fā)病。研究顯示,職業(yè)足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員發(fā)生OA的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增高,且發(fā)病后癥狀更明顯[10]。英國(guó)學(xué)者發(fā)現(xiàn),穿鞋的習(xí)慣也和OA的發(fā)生相關(guān),長(zhǎng)期穿緊跟高跟鞋的女性發(fā)生下肢OA的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較低,但是也不排除“自選擇”偏倚,因?yàn)槟軌蜷L(zhǎng)期穿高跟鞋的女性一般從事關(guān)節(jié)負(fù)重較輕的職業(yè),身材也更好[11]。瑞典一個(gè)病例對(duì)照研究發(fā)現(xiàn),OA患者骨量、脂肪量較高,而肌肉量較少,對(duì)骨骼的保護(hù)能力較弱。推測(cè)具備這些特征的人很可能更容易出現(xiàn)OA[12]。

1.2 生化標(biāo)志物 現(xiàn)有的研究數(shù)據(jù)顯示,白細(xì)胞介素(IL)-2、IL-6、IL-7、IL-15、IL-18符合用于診斷的分類,隨著數(shù)據(jù)的增加可能以后可以用于輔助OA的早期診斷,雖然還沒得到美國(guó)FDA的批準(zhǔn)[2]。

其他的生化標(biāo)志物有:瘦素(leptin)能夠解釋半數(shù)肥胖相關(guān)OA的發(fā)病。肥胖患者進(jìn)行瘦素檢測(cè)有助于更早地判斷發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[13]。血清X膠原水平升高與OA發(fā)病相關(guān),其參與軟骨的破壞和炎

癥[14]。UDP-半乳糖-4表異構(gòu)酶(UDP-galactose-

4-epimerase)通過調(diào)節(jié)軟骨多糖蛋白的合成在OA的發(fā)病中發(fā)揮重要作用[15]。OA患者軟骨中人類內(nèi)源性逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒(HERV-W)存在激活現(xiàn)象,但是HERV-W在疾病發(fā)生或惡化中起到的病因作用仍然有待證實(shí)[16]。鼠的體內(nèi)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),導(dǎo)入

miR-21基因?qū)?dǎo)致軟骨的破壞。而GAS5(一種長(zhǎng)非編碼RNA)通過負(fù)調(diào)節(jié)miR-21保護(hù)軟骨,參與OA的發(fā)病[17]。

1.3 影像學(xué) 近期的臨床實(shí)踐發(fā)現(xiàn),傳統(tǒng)影像學(xué)檢查對(duì)OA結(jié)構(gòu)性改變不敏感,無論患者是否存在癥狀[18]。絕大部分膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛患者在疾病早期關(guān)節(jié)平片上沒有結(jié)構(gòu)性改變,但隨后進(jìn)展為OA的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高達(dá)50%~80%[19]。關(guān)節(jié)X線片難以實(shí)現(xiàn)OA的早期診斷,MRI技術(shù)已經(jīng)廣泛應(yīng)用于OA的研究領(lǐng)域中,最常用的序列包括:關(guān)節(jié)軟骨延遲增強(qiáng)MRI(dGEMRIC)、T2釋放時(shí)間成像(T2 Relaxation Time Mapping)、T1ρ釋放時(shí)間成像(T1ρ Relaxation Time Mapping)、鈉MRI(Sodium MRI)、超短回旋時(shí)間成像(UTE)、gag化學(xué)交換飽和轉(zhuǎn)移(gagCEST)、彌散加權(quán)成像(DWI)[20]。

美國(guó)波士頓大學(xué)Crema等[21]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),半月板中部的嚴(yán)重?fù)p傷與dGEMRIC值較低顯著相關(guān),提示dGEMRIC技術(shù)能夠在半月板功能喪失時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)軟骨的早期退化改變。上海交通大學(xué)附屬第六人民醫(yī)院的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),3.0 T MRI能夠很好地發(fā)現(xiàn)早期膝關(guān)節(jié)軟骨病變,T2序列敏感性較好[22]。德國(guó)學(xué)者的研究也發(fā)現(xiàn),在關(guān)節(jié)平片出現(xiàn)明顯OA改變前,MRI的T2值評(píng)估有助于預(yù)測(cè)OA的發(fā)

生[23]。澳大利亞學(xué)者發(fā)現(xiàn),MRI的積液滑膜炎和Hoffa滑膜炎都能強(qiáng)預(yù)測(cè)新發(fā)放射學(xué)OA[24]。

1.4 基因 BAG6(BCL2-Associated Athanogene 6) rs311 758 2 SNP和6號(hào)染色體FAM46A基因的第2個(gè)外顯子的可變串聯(lián)重復(fù)序列(VNTR)多態(tài)性與大關(guān)節(jié)(髖和膝關(guān)節(jié))OA的易感性相關(guān)[25]。而雌激素受體alpha1基因rs934 079 9的多態(tài)性可能與OA的發(fā)病相關(guān)[26]。腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)基因變異在手OA的發(fā)病中發(fā)揮著重要的作用。同時(shí)TNF-α基因與IL-4R及IL-10基因存在基因-基因相互作用[27]。

特定線粒體基因組型(H和J)OA患者的傳統(tǒng)分子標(biāo)志物高于正常對(duì)照組[28]。歐洲的一項(xiàng)研究顯示,J型線粒體基因組和西班牙人OA風(fēng)險(xiǎn)下降相關(guān),而H型與英國(guó)的OA風(fēng)險(xiǎn)下降相關(guān)[29]。

抑制素1沉積于OA軟骨細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞核能夠下調(diào)PITX1的表達(dá)[30]。通過關(guān)節(jié)軟骨的全基因組DNA甲基化分析能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)炎癥增強(qiáng)的亞組[31]。而英國(guó)的Rushton等[32]確定了大量與膝OA和髖OA相關(guān)的軟骨DNA甲基化組。

2 進(jìn)展預(yù)測(cè)

2.1 影像學(xué) 在OA進(jìn)展速度方面,Collins等[33]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),6年時(shí)間里大部分患者膝部疼痛的改變非常小,提示膝OA是一種持續(xù)性疼痛而不是進(jìn)行性惡化。

關(guān)節(jié)的軟骨和關(guān)節(jié)間隙情況可能對(duì)OA的進(jìn)展起預(yù)測(cè)作用。Everhart等[34]根據(jù)OAI的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行研究發(fā)現(xiàn),脛腓軟骨下表面比值(SSR)是OA癥狀及影像學(xué)進(jìn)展的預(yù)測(cè)因素,內(nèi)側(cè)SSR較高對(duì)出現(xiàn)OA相關(guān)癥狀有保護(hù)作用,外側(cè)SSR較高對(duì)OA發(fā)病和進(jìn)展有保護(hù)作用;同時(shí)外側(cè)和內(nèi)側(cè)SSR隨時(shí)間變化不大,不同的MRI研究中結(jié)果相似。澳大利亞Paracelsus醫(yī)科大學(xué)的Wirth等[35]對(duì)脛腓骨關(guān)節(jié)間隙狹窄(JSN)患者進(jìn)行研究發(fā)現(xiàn),外側(cè)JSN對(duì)外側(cè)部軟骨丟失的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值和內(nèi)側(cè)JSN對(duì)內(nèi)側(cè)軟骨丟失的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值相當(dāng)。出現(xiàn)JSN的關(guān)節(jié),其非狹窄部分和狹窄部分的軟骨丟失差不多。美國(guó)克利夫蘭Lerner醫(yī)學(xué)院的Oak等[36]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),量化放射學(xué)關(guān)節(jié)間隙寬度(JSW)值與4年臨床轉(zhuǎn)歸(膝關(guān)節(jié)損傷和關(guān)節(jié)炎轉(zhuǎn)歸評(píng)分KOOS)相關(guān)。研究初期JSW較窄的患者4年后KOOS評(píng)分較低,早期改善病情的治療可能有助改善預(yù)后。比利時(shí)Liège大學(xué)的Bruyere等[37]對(duì)JSW和WOMAC評(píng)分(3年評(píng)估1次)與膝OA患者8年后接受膝關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)的相關(guān)性進(jìn)行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)JSW 和 WOMAC評(píng)分與膝關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)相關(guān),JSW每狹窄0.1 mm,膝關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加14%(95%CI為3%~25%),WOMAC評(píng)分每增加10%,膝關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加16%(95%CI為1%~33%)。

美國(guó)學(xué)者Roemer等[38]發(fā)現(xiàn),MRI上的積液、滑膜炎、骨髓病變等多種表現(xiàn)與膝OA的進(jìn)展相關(guān)。加拿大學(xué)者Ratzlaff等[39]發(fā)現(xiàn),計(jì)算機(jī)輔助定位髖關(guān)節(jié)間隙寬度能夠更好地預(yù)測(cè)OA進(jìn)展。

2.2 生活和行為模式 在身形方面,Batsis等[40]使用OAI數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn),腰圍越大,生活質(zhì)量越差,隨著時(shí)間的推移,出現(xiàn)物理功能下降、殘疾的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加。另一個(gè)研究也發(fā)現(xiàn),體質(zhì)量減輕不少于10%能夠減緩OA的進(jìn)展[41]。

日本學(xué)者通過PET-CT代謝水平增高證實(shí)機(jī)械壓力與髖OA的骨重構(gòu)加速相關(guān)。也證實(shí)了壓力負(fù)荷與膝OA的進(jìn)展加速相關(guān)[42]。

飲食方面,女性喝牛奶能夠降低OA的進(jìn)展[43],男性軟飲料攝入過多增加OA的進(jìn)展[44]。另外,維生素D缺乏將增加OA的進(jìn)展[45]。

2.3 生化標(biāo)志物 尿II型膠原C末端肽(uCTX-II),

血清軟骨低聚體基質(zhì)蛋白(COMP),血清透明質(zhì)酸,血和尿C1,血和尿C2C,血和尿Coll2-1和Coll2-1NO2,血CPII,血II型前膠原N末端肽(PIIANP),尿/血NTX-1,尿/血CTX-1,血CS846,血基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶-3(MMP-3)等已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了商品化,這些細(xì)胞因子參與了軟骨的合成代謝及降解,研究顯示它們對(duì)OA的進(jìn)展有一定的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值。另外,hs-CRP、IL-1β、IL-1Ra、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-7、IL-10、IL-15、15-羥廿碳四烯酸(15-HETE)、前列腺素E2(PGE2)、補(bǔ)體、瘦素、脂聯(lián)素、抵抗素、外周血白細(xì)胞表達(dá)的

IL-1β/TNF-α都是候選的預(yù)后生化標(biāo)志物[46] 。

此外,德國(guó)的Schmal等[47]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),滑膜液中聚合素(aggrecan)、堿性成纖維細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)因子(bFGF)、骨形態(tài)發(fā)生蛋白-7(BMP-7)和CD105隨著年齡及OA病情的進(jìn)展而增加。他們還發(fā)現(xiàn),滑膜聚合素濃度增加也可見于踝OA,不僅和關(guān)節(jié)平片Kellgren-Lawrence(K-L)評(píng)級(jí)相關(guān),也和臨床功能相關(guān)[48],BMPR-1A是膝關(guān)節(jié)局限性軟骨病變OA進(jìn)展的預(yù)測(cè)因素[49]。2014年

他們?cè)俅螌?duì)此進(jìn)行了深入研究發(fā)現(xiàn),聚合素、BMP-7和BMP-2是踝OA的主要標(biāo)志物,聚合素和BMP-7都隨著OA進(jìn)展而增加。相反,高濃度BMP-2與臨床功能良好及低OA相關(guān)影像學(xué)改變征象少相關(guān)[50]。Apex核酸酶2能夠阻斷OA患者壓力介導(dǎo)的軟骨活性下降,從而對(duì)OA的進(jìn)展起保護(hù)作用[51]。

2.4 基因 線粒體基因組型在OA的進(jìn)展中發(fā)揮重要的作用[52]。

3 展 望

3.1 新的敏感指標(biāo) 目前所有的研究都以關(guān)節(jié)平片表現(xiàn)為參照。關(guān)節(jié)平片對(duì)病情改變不敏感,而生活行為模式改變及藥物的作用往往在短時(shí)間內(nèi)很難出現(xiàn)顯著性改變,現(xiàn)有指標(biāo)不能滿足臨床及科研需要,應(yīng)盡快制定新的可靠標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

3.2 診斷提前 關(guān)節(jié)平片診斷的OA都不是早期的病變,至少已經(jīng)是K-L評(píng)級(jí)的2~3級(jí)。早期OA,甚至OA前期(早早期OA)的診斷顯得尤為重要。在這個(gè)時(shí)期,任何和OA發(fā)病相關(guān)的可干預(yù)因素都是可以選擇的治療方案?;颊呖梢酝ㄟ^調(diào)整生活方式、改變飲食及運(yùn)動(dòng)習(xí)慣,降低發(fā)展為臨床OA的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),從而減少功能喪失、降低醫(yī)療支出。后期的研究還應(yīng)包括:①與OA發(fā)病相關(guān)的飲食、運(yùn)動(dòng)方式等生活行為模式;②實(shí)現(xiàn)早期診斷的影像及生化標(biāo)志物,甚至是基因檢測(cè)。

3.3 分層干預(yù) 隨著進(jìn)展預(yù)測(cè)指標(biāo)準(zhǔn)確性的提高,可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)進(jìn)展風(fēng)險(xiǎn)不同的患者進(jìn)行分層,實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)體化管理和個(gè)體化治療。加強(qiáng)對(duì)進(jìn)展高?;颊叩墓芾砗椭委煟苊鈱?duì)進(jìn)展低?;颊叩倪^度治療。

3.4 精準(zhǔn)治療 生化標(biāo)志物和基因方面的進(jìn)步將為最終解釋OA發(fā)病的確切機(jī)制提供重要線索。以病因、發(fā)病機(jī)制為基礎(chǔ)的治療才能實(shí)現(xiàn)精準(zhǔn)治療,增加患者治療獲益的同時(shí),減少對(duì)患者的傷害,無論是藥物副作用還是手術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

4 參考文獻(xiàn)

[1] Thomas E,Peat G,Croft P.Defining and mapping the person with osteoarthritis for population studies and public health[J].Rheumatology (Oxford),2014,53(2):338-345.

[2] Mabey T,Honsawek S.Cytokines as biochemical markers for knee osteoarthritis[J].World J Orthop,2015,6(1):95-105.

[3] Roddy E,Thomas MJ,Marshall M,et al.The population prevalence of symptomatic radiographic foot osteoarthritis in community-dwelling older adults:cross-sectional findings from the clinical assessment study of the foot[J].Ann Rheum Dis,2015,74(1):156-63.

[4] Dibonaventura MD,Gupta S,Mcdonald M,et al.Impact of self-rated osteoarthritis severity in an employed population:cross-sectional analysis of data from the National Health and Wellness Survey[J].Health Qual Life Outcomes,2012(10):30.

[5] McAllindon TE,Bannuru RR,Sullivan MC,et al.OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee osteoarthritis[J].Osteoarthritis Cartilage,2014,22(3):363-388.

[6] Sheikh L,Nicholl BI,Green DJ,et al.Osteoarthritis and the rule of halves[J].Osteoarthritis Cartilage,2014,22(4):535-539.

[7] Hunter DJ,Nevitt M,Losina E,et al.Biomarkers for osteoarthritis:current position and steps towards further validation[J].Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol,2014,28(1):61-71.

[8] Kraus VB,Burnett B,Coindreau J,et al.Application of biomarkers in the development of drugs intended for the treatment of osteoarthritis[J].Osteoarthritis Cartilage,2011,19(5):515-542.

[9] Hensor EM,Dube B,Kingsbury SR,et al.Toward a clinical definition of early osteoarthritis:onset of patient-reported knee pain begins on stairs.Data from the osteoarthritis initiative[J].Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken),2015,67(1):40-47.

[10] Arliani GG,Astur DC,Yamada RK,et al.Early osteoarthritis and reduced quality of life after retirement in former professional soccer players[J].Clinics(Sao Paulo),2014,69(9):589-594.

[11] McWilliams DF,Muthuri S,Muir KR,et al.Self-reported adult footwear and the risks of lower limb osteoarthritis:the GOAL case control study[J].BMC Musculoskelet Disord,2014(15):308.

[12] Karlsson MK,Magnusson H,C?ster M,et al.Patients with knee osteoarthritis have a phenotype with higher bone mass,higher fat mass,and lower lean body mass[J].Clin Orthop Relat Res,2015,473(1):258-264.

[13] Fowler-Brown A,Kim DH,Shi L,et al.The mediating effect of leptin on the relationship between body weight and knee osteoarthritis in older adults[J].Arthritis Rheumatol,2015,67(1):169-175.

[14] He Y,Siebuhr AS,Brandt-Hansen NU,et al.Type X collagen levels are elevated in serum from human osteoarthritis patients and associated with biomarkers of cartilage degradation and inflammation[J].BMC Musculoskelet Disord,2014(15):309.

[15] Wen Y,Qin J,Deng Y,et al.The critical role of UDP-galactose-4-epimerase in osteoarthritis:modulating proteoglycans synthesis of the articular chondrocytes[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2014,452(4):906-911.

[16] Bendiksen S,Martinez-Zubiavrra I,Tümmler C,et al.

Human endogenous retrovirus W activity in cartilage of osteoarthritis patients[J].Biomed Res Int,2014(2014):698609.

[17] Song J,Ahn C,Chun CH,et al.A long non-coding RNA,

GAS5,plays a critical role in the regulation of miR-21

during osteoarthritis[J].J Orthop Res,2014,32(12):1628-1635.

[18] Guermazi A,Niu J,Hayashi D,et al.Prevalence of abnormalities in knees detected by MRI in adults without knee osteoarthritis:population based observational study (Framingham Osteoarthritis Study)[J].BMJ,2012(345):e5339.

[19] Kinds MB,Marijnissen AC,Vincken KL,et al.Evaluation of separate quantitative radiographic features adds to the prediction of incident radiographic osteoarthritis in individuals with recent onset of knee pain:5-year follow-up in the CHECK cohort[J].Osteoarthritis Cartilage,2012,20(6):548-556.

[20] Matzat SJ,Kogan F,F(xiàn)ong GW,et al.Imaging strategies for assessing cartilage composition in osteoarthritis[J].Curr Rheumatol Rep,2014,16(11):462.

[21] Crema MD,Hunter DJ,Burstein D,et al.Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of medial tibiofemoral cartilage and its relationship with meniscal pathology:a longitudinal study using 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging[J].Arthritis Rheumatol,2014,66(6):1517-1524.

[22] Zuo H,Yao W,Qu N,et al.Quantitative evaluation in combination with nonquantitative evaluation in early patellar cartilage osteoarthritis at 3.0 T[J].Clin Interv Aging,2014(9):1133-1143.

[23] Liebl H,Joseph G,Nevitt MC,et al.Early T2 changes predict onset of radiographic knee osteoarthritis:data from the osteoarthritis initiative[J].Ann Rheum Dis,2015,74(4):1353-1359.

[24] Atukorala I,Kwoh CK,Guermazi A,et al.Synovitis in knee osteoarthritis:a precursor of disease?[J].Ann Rheum Dis,2014,8.pii:annrheumdis-2014-205894.

[25] Etokebe GE,Jotanovic Z,Mihelic R,et al.Susceptibility to large-joint osteoarthritis (hip and knee) is associated with BAG6 rs311 758 2 SNP and the VNTR polymorphism in the second exon of the FAM46A gene on chromosome 6[J].J Orthop Res,2015,33(1):56-62.

[26] Yin YW,Sun QQ,Hu AM,et al.Association of rs9340799 polymorphism in estrogen receptor alpha gene with the risk of osteoarthritis:evidence based on 8,792

subjects[J].Mol Genet Genomics,2015,290(2):

513-520.

[27] H?m?l?inen S,Solovieva S,Vehmas T,et al.Variations in the TNF-α gene and their interactions with the IL4R and IL10 genes in relation to hand osteoarthritis[J].BMC Musculoskelet Disord,2014(15):311.

[28] Fernández-Moreno M,Soto-Hermida A,Oreiro N,et al.

Mitochondrial haplogroups define two phenotypes of osteoarthritis[J].Front Physiol,2012(3):129.

[29] Soto-Hermida A,F(xiàn)ernández-Moreno M,Oreiro N,et al.

mtDNA haplogroups and osteoarthritis in different geographic populations[J].Mitochondrion,2014(15):18-23.

[30] Picard C,pellicelli M,Teheri M,et al.Nuclear accumulation of prohibitin 1 in osteoarthritic chondrocytes down-regulates PITX1 expression[J].Arthritis Rheum,2013,65(4):993-1003.

[31] Fernández-Tajes J,Soto-Hermida A,Vázquez-Mosquera ME,et al.Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of articular chondrocytes reveals a cluster of osteoarthritic patients[J].Ann Rheum Dis,2014,73(4):668-677.

[32] Rushton MD,Reynard LN,Barter MJ,et al.Characterization of the cartilage DNA methylome in knee and hip osteoarthritis[J].Arthritis Rheumatol,2014,66(9):2450-2460.

[33] Collins JE,Katz JN,Dervan EE,et al.Trajectories and risk profiles of pain in persons with radiographic,symptomatic knee osteoarthritis:data from the osteoarthritis initiative[J].Osteoarthritis Cartilage,2014,22(5):622-630.

[34] Everhart JS,Siston RA,F(xiàn)lanigan DC.Tibiofemoral subchondral surface ratio(SSR)is a predictor of osteoarthritis symptoms and radiographic progression:data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative(OAI)[J].Osteoarthritis Cartilage,2014,22(6):771-778.

[35] Wirth W,Nevitt M,Hellio Le Graverand MP,et al.Lateral and medial joint space narrowing predict subsequent cartilage loss in the narrowed,but not in the non-narrowed femorotibial compartment:data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative[J].Osteoarthritis Cartilage,2014,22(1):63-70.

[36] Oak SR,Ghodadra A,Winalski CS,et al.Radiographic joint space width is correlated with 4-year clinical outcomes in patients with knee osteoarthritis:data from the osteoarthritis initiative[J].Osteoarthritis Cartilage,2013,21(9):1185-1190.

[37] Bruyere O,Cooper C,Pavelka K,et al.Changes in structure and symptoms in knee osteoarthritis and prediction of future knee replacement over 8 years[J].Calcif Tissue Int,2013,93(6):502-507.

[38] Roemer FW,Kwoh CK,Hannon MJ,et al.Can structural joint damage measured with MR imaging be used to predict knee replacement in the following year?[J].Radiology,2015,274(3):810-820.

[39] Ratzlaff C,Van Wyngaarden C,Duryea J.Location-specific hip joint space width for progression of hip osteoarthritis:data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative[J].Osteoarthritis Cartilage,2014,22(10):1481-1487.

[40] Batsis JA,Zbehlik AJ,Barre LK,et al.The impact of waist circumference on function and physical activity in older adults:longitudinal observational data from the osteoarthritis initiative[J].Nutr J,2014(13):81.

[41] Serebrakian AT,Poulos T,Liebl H,et al.Weight loss over 48 months is associated with reduced progression of cartilage T2 relaxation time values:Data from the osteoarthritis initiative[J].J Magn Reson Imaging,2015,41(5):1272-1280.

[42] Hirata Y,Inaba Y,Kobayashi N,et al.Correlation between mechanical stress by finite element analysis and 18F-fluoride PET uptake in hiposteoarthritis

patients[J].J Orthop Res,2015,33(1):78-83.

[43] Lu B,Driban JB,Duryea J,et al.Milk consumption and progression of medial tibiofemoral knee osteoarthritis:

data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative[J].Arthritis Care Res(Hoboken),2014,66(6):802-809.

[44] Lu B,Ahmad O,Zhang FF,et al.Soft drink intake and progression of radiographic knee osteoarthritis:data from the osteoarthritis initiative[J].BMJ Open,2013,3(7):e002993.

[45] Zhang FF,Driban JB,Lo GH,et al.Vitamin D deficiency is associated with progression of knee osteoarthritis[J].J Nutr,2014,144(12):2002-2008.

[46] Attur M,Krasnokutsky-Samuels S,Samuels J,et al.Prognostic biomarkers in osteoarthritis[J].Curr Opin Rheumatol,2013,25(1):136-144.

[47] Schmal H,Henkelmann R,Mehlhorn AT,et al.Synovial cytokine expression in ankle osteoarthritis depends on age and stage[J].Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc,2015,23(5):1359-1367.

[48] Schmal H,Henkelmann R,Mehlhorn AT,et al.Synovial cytokine expression in ankle osteoarthritis depends on age and stage[J].Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc,2015,23(5):1359-1367.

[49] Schmal H,Pilz IH,Mehlhorn AT,et al.Expression of BMP-receptor type 1A correlates with progress of osteoarthritis in human knee joints with focal cartilage lesions[J].Cytotherapy,2012,14(7):868-876.

[50] Schmal H,Salzmann GM,Langenmair ER,et al.Biochemical characterization of early osteoarthritis in the ankle[J].Scientific World Journal,2014(2014):434802.

[51] Yui N,Yoshioka H,F(xiàn)ujiya H,et al.The DNA repair enzyme apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (Apex nuclease)2 has the potential to protect against down-regulation of chondrocyte activity in osteoarthritis[J].Int J Mol Sci,2014,15(9):14921-14934.

[52] Soto-Hermida A,F(xiàn)ernández-Moreno M,Oreiro N,et al.Mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)haplogroups influence the progression of knee osteoarthritis.Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative(OAI)[J].PLoS One,2014,9(11):e112735.

收稿日期:2015-04-27;修回日期:2015-06-03

猜你喜歡
骨關(guān)節(jié)炎診斷綜述
抗抑郁藥帕羅西汀或可用于治療骨關(guān)節(jié)炎
中老年保健(2021年5期)2021-12-02 15:48:21
膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎如何防護(hù)?
SEBS改性瀝青綜述
石油瀝青(2018年6期)2018-12-29 12:07:04
NBA新賽季綜述
NBA特刊(2018年21期)2018-11-24 02:47:52
淺談豬喘氣病的病因、診斷及防治
信息技術(shù)與傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)在當(dāng)代汽車維修中的應(yīng)用分析
紅外線測(cè)溫儀在汽車診斷中的應(yīng)用
科技視界(2016年21期)2016-10-17 18:28:05
窄帶成像聯(lián)合放大內(nèi)鏡在胃黏膜早期病變?cè)\斷中的應(yīng)用
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
修水县| 临西县| 伊川县| 荣成市| 利辛县| 沙河市| 武功县| 麻城市| 延庆县| 长宁县| 全椒县| 曲靖市| 北辰区| 临沂市| 西华县| 红河县| 保定市| 松江区| 祁门县| 濉溪县| 乡城县| 威远县| 平潭县| 历史| 都江堰市| 永昌县| 黔江区| 永丰县| 喀喇沁旗| 留坝县| 垣曲县| 成都市| 元江| 兰西县| 忻城县| 额敏县| 梅河口市| 汕尾市| 永昌县| 仁寿县| 亚东县|