涂琴琴
(湖北省黃石市中心醫(yī)院 麻醉科, 湖北 黃石, 435000)
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不同濃度舒芬太尼復(fù)合依托咪酯應(yīng)用于高齡患者對(duì)氣管插管時(shí)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)的影響
涂琴琴
(湖北省黃石市中心醫(yī)院 麻醉科, 湖北 黃石, 435000)
摘要:目的觀察不同濃度舒芬太尼復(fù)合依托咪酯應(yīng)用于高齡患者對(duì)氣管插管時(shí)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)的影響。方法選擇本院收治的需行氣管插管的高齡患者60例作為研究對(duì)象,按照數(shù)字隨機(jī)法分為3組,每組20例,A組靶控輸注舒芬太尼0.30 μg/L, B組靶控輸注舒芬太尼0.35 μg/L, C組靶控輸注舒芬太尼0.40 μg/L, 待達(dá)到效應(yīng)室、血漿質(zhì)量濃度平衡后靶控輸注依托咪酯0.50 mg/L, 靜脈推注咪達(dá)唑侖、維庫(kù)溴銨,行氣管插管。3組患者均于誘導(dǎo)前、舒芬太尼平衡時(shí)、依托咪酯平衡時(shí)、氣管插管即刻等不同時(shí)間比較血流動(dòng)力學(xué)相關(guān)指標(biāo)。結(jié)果3組患者誘導(dǎo)前血流動(dòng)力學(xué)指標(biāo)差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05); 舒芬太尼、依托咪酯達(dá)到平衡時(shí)C組心率顯著慢于A組、B組(P<0.05); 插管即刻B組、C組平均動(dòng)脈壓及心率均低于A組(P<0.05); 插管5 min時(shí)刻C組平均動(dòng)脈壓及心率均低于A組、B組(P<0.05)。A組于T4時(shí)刻出現(xiàn)3例血壓超過160 mmHg, C組于T1、T2時(shí)刻出現(xiàn)4例心率低于50次/min,B組未出現(xiàn)血壓、心率劇烈波動(dòng)。結(jié)論靶控輸注舒芬太尼0.35 μg/L負(fù)荷依托咪酯應(yīng)用于高齡患者氣管插管,對(duì)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)影響較小,可達(dá)到滿意麻醉效果,效果較佳,安全性較高,具有重要的臨床價(jià)值。
關(guān)鍵詞:舒芬太尼; 依托咪酯; 高齡患者; 氣管插管; 血流動(dòng)力學(xué)
隨著人口老齡化不斷加快,高齡患者已越來越常見,因此需行手術(shù)治療的高齡患者也隨之增加[1]。調(diào)查研究[2-3]表明,高齡患者合并疾病較多,高血壓、冠心病、糖尿病均為高齡患者的常見病。高齡患者血管收縮性較差,心血管及機(jī)體重要臟器耐受性顯著降低,氣管插管引起的應(yīng)激反應(yīng)可致患者發(fā)生心血管反應(yīng),如血壓急劇增高、心率增快,一定程度上加大了麻醉風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。正因如此,對(duì)于高齡患者,采取誘導(dǎo)平穩(wěn)、適宜劑量藥物對(duì)圍術(shù)期安全具有重要的臨床意義。舒芬太尼為臨床常用的麻醉鎮(zhèn)痛藥物,靶控輸注舒芬太尼應(yīng)用于高齡患者麻醉誘導(dǎo)取得了較佳效果,本研究探討了不同劑量舒芬太尼對(duì)患者血流動(dòng)力學(xué)的影響,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1資料與方法
選擇本院收治的需行氣管插管麻醉高齡患者60例 ,均經(jīng)患者及家屬知情同意,且符合倫理委員會(huì)基本要求。60例患者ASA分級(jí)Ⅰ~Ⅲ級(jí),根據(jù)數(shù)字隨機(jī)法將其分為3組,每組20例。A組中,男11例,女9例,年齡66~85歲,平均(73.8±4.1)歲,體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(22.7±3.4)kg/m2,合并疾病為冠心病7例、高血壓8例、糖尿病4例。B組中,男12例,女8例,年齡65~86歲,平均(74.5±4.5)歲,體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(22.9±3.4) kg/m2,合并疾病為冠心病8例、高血壓6例、糖尿病5例。C組中,男9例,女11例,年齡67~84歲,平均(74.5±3.8)歲,體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(22.4±3.5) kg/m2,合并疾病為冠心病6例、高血壓7例、糖尿病6例。經(jīng)分析,2組患者年齡、性別構(gòu)成及合并疾病等差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
1.2.1麻醉前準(zhǔn)備:60例患者入室后均開通靜脈通道,并連接監(jiān)護(hù)儀行血氧飽和度、心電圖等生命體征監(jiān)測(cè),并于局麻下行左側(cè)橈動(dòng)脈穿刺監(jiān)測(cè)有創(chuàng)動(dòng)脈壓。
1.2.2麻醉誘導(dǎo):60例患者均接受面罩給氧,A組靶控輸注舒芬太尼0.30 μg/L,B組靶控輸注舒芬太尼0.35 μg/L,C組靶控輸注舒芬太尼0.40 μg/L,待達(dá)到效應(yīng)室、血漿質(zhì)量濃度平衡后靶控輸注依托咪酯0.50 mg/L, 然后靜脈推注咪達(dá)唑侖4 mg、維庫(kù)溴銨8 mg,待肌肉松弛后行氣管插管。固定氣管導(dǎo)管,給予丙泊酚、維庫(kù)溴銨、舒芬太尼維持麻醉深度。
比較3組患者不同時(shí)刻血流動(dòng)力學(xué)指標(biāo),如誘導(dǎo)前(T1)、舒芬太尼平衡時(shí)(T2)、依托咪酯平衡時(shí)(T3)、氣管插管即刻(T4)、插管1 min(T5)、插管5 min(T6)心率(HR)、平均動(dòng)脈壓(MAP)。同時(shí)比較3組患者誘導(dǎo)期間血管活性藥物使用情況。
2結(jié)果
經(jīng)分析,誘導(dǎo)前3組患者血流動(dòng)力學(xué)指標(biāo)比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05); 舒芬太尼、依托咪酯達(dá)到平衡時(shí),C組心率顯著慢于A組、B組(P<0.05); 插管即刻、插管1 min時(shí)刻,B組、C組平均動(dòng)脈壓及心率均低于A組(P<0.05); 插管5 min時(shí)刻,C組平均動(dòng)脈壓及心率均低于A組、B組(P<0.05)。見表1。
表1 3組患者不同時(shí)刻血流動(dòng)力學(xué)指標(biāo)比較±s)
與同時(shí)刻B、C組比較,*P<0.05;與同時(shí)刻A、B組比較,#P<0.05。
經(jīng)分析,A組于T4時(shí)刻出現(xiàn)3例血壓超過160 mmHg,給予降壓藥物處理后血壓降低;C組于T1、T2時(shí)刻出現(xiàn)4例心率低于50次/min,給予阿托品處理后好轉(zhuǎn);B組未出現(xiàn)血壓、心率劇烈波動(dòng)。
3討論
高齡患者臨床較為常見,患者血管脆性大,且合并疾病較多,體質(zhì)衰弱,機(jī)體對(duì)麻醉、手術(shù)的耐受性顯著較低[4-5]。氣管插管為臨床麻醉重要環(huán)節(jié)之一,喉鏡、導(dǎo)管置入時(shí)可造成明顯刺激,患者因咽喉部、氣管內(nèi)刺激引起神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)興奮,進(jìn)而可發(fā)生一過性高血壓反應(yīng)。氣管插管時(shí),若未達(dá)到較為滿意的應(yīng)激性抑制,則可能出現(xiàn)心血管反應(yīng),主要表現(xiàn)為血壓劇烈升高,心率加快。高齡患者合并高血壓、冠心病、糖尿病的比率顯著高于其他年齡段人群,血壓增高、心率增快會(huì)增加心臟負(fù)荷,嚴(yán)重時(shí)可導(dǎo)致患者發(fā)生心力衰竭,一定程度上增加了麻醉風(fēng)險(xiǎn),并對(duì)患者圍術(shù)期安全性產(chǎn)生了重要威脅[6-7]。
研究[8]發(fā)現(xiàn),麻醉誘導(dǎo)過程中,藥物劑量稍有變化則可導(dǎo)致高齡患者血流動(dòng)力學(xué)劇烈變化。劑量稍大,患者血壓降低,可發(fā)生嚴(yán)重低血壓,心率降低,部分患者甚至出現(xiàn)重要器官灌注不足,不利于圍術(shù)期安全;劑量稍微不足,則可能發(fā)生嚴(yán)重高血壓,嚴(yán)重威脅患者安全。靶控輸注為臨床重要技術(shù)之一,相對(duì)于靜脈推注給藥方式,效果更為平穩(wěn),對(duì)高齡患者更為適用。舒芬太尼為臨床常用麻醉鎮(zhèn)痛藥物,較為廣泛地應(yīng)用于麻醉誘導(dǎo),對(duì)抑制插管應(yīng)激性反應(yīng)具有重要的臨床價(jià)值[9-12]。靶控輸注舒芬太尼及依托咪酯復(fù)合肌松藥等可達(dá)到較佳的氣管插管要求,但其靶控輸注濃度為臨床關(guān)注重點(diǎn),濃度高可致血壓降低,濃度低則可能發(fā)生血壓升高。本研究對(duì)60例患者進(jìn)行分組研究,分別靶控輸注不同濃度舒芬太尼,結(jié)果表明,靶控輸注舒芬太尼0.35μg/L負(fù)荷依托咪酯應(yīng)用于高齡患者氣管插管對(duì)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)影響較小,患者血流動(dòng)力學(xué)更為平穩(wěn),氣管插管期間患者血壓、心率均相對(duì)于其他2組更為平穩(wěn),未出現(xiàn)心率低于50次/min及血壓高于160 mmHg,表明應(yīng)用安全。
總之,靶控輸注舒芬太尼0.35μg/L負(fù)荷依托咪酯應(yīng)用于高齡患者氣管插管對(duì)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)影響較小,患者血流動(dòng)力學(xué)指標(biāo)更為平穩(wěn),抑制插管引起的應(yīng)激反應(yīng)效果較佳,臨床應(yīng)用安全。但本研究為單中心研究,且所納入的病例數(shù)較少,尚需更多臨床研究予以佐證。
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Influence of different concentration of sufentanil combined with etomidate on hemodynamics of elderly patients with tracheal intubation
TU Qinqin
(AnesthesiaDepartment,HuangshiCentralHospital,Huangshi,Hubei, 435000)
ABSTRACT:ObjectiveTo observe the effect of different concentration of sufentanil combined with etomidate on hemodynamics of elderly patients with tracheal intubation. MethodsA total of 60 elderly patients with tracheal intubation were randomly divided into three groups with 20 cases in each group according to random number method. A group adopted target controlled infusion of sufentanil for 0.30μg/L and group B adopted target controlled infusion of sufentanil for 0.35μg/L while C group applied with target controlled infusion of sufentanil for 0.40μg/L.Three groups adopted target controlled infusion of etomidate for 0.50mg/L after reaching balance of plasma concentration, and were given intravenous injection of midazolam and vecuronium, and implemented tracheal intubation. The hemodynamic indicators were compared before induction at the time of sufentanil balance, etomidate balance and endotracheal intubation. ResultsThere were no significant difference in patients′ hemodynamics indicators before induction(P>0.05). C group′ heart rate was significantly slower than A group and B group when sufentanil, etomidate reached balance(P<0.05). B group and C group′ mean arterial pressure and heart rate were lower than that of group A when intubation(P<0.05). C group′ mean arterial pressure and heart rate were lower than that of A group and B group at 5 min after intubation(P<0.05). In A group, blood pressure more than 160 mmHg occurred in 3 cases at T4, heart rate below 50 /min occurred in 4 cases in C group at T1and T2, group B had no blood pressure and heart rate fluctuations. ConclusionTCI 0.35 μg/L sufentanil and etomidate for elderly patients with tracheal intubation has less influence on hemodynamics, it can achieve satisfactory anesthesia effect with good effect and high safety, so it is of great value in clinic.
KEYWORDS:sufentanil; etomidate; elderly patients; tracheal intubation; hemodynamics
收稿日期:2015-03-22
中圖分類號(hào):R 472.9
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A
文章編號(hào):1672-2353(2015)24-069-03
DOI:10.7619/jcmp.201524021