王青娟
摘要:模仿寫作訓(xùn)練是提高學(xué)生英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)質(zhì)量,幫助學(xué)生獲得學(xué)習(xí)成就感,增強(qiáng)其學(xué)習(xí)信心與興趣的重要手段。本文從自編短文和模寫范文等方面探討了模仿寫作的問(wèn)題。
關(guān)鍵詞:寫作教學(xué);模仿訓(xùn)練;能力培養(yǎng)
仿寫能直接提高學(xué)生謀篇布局和銜接上下文的能力,在仿照范文寫作的過(guò)程中,學(xué)生可以學(xué)會(huì)使用語(yǔ)言、段落、篇章的表達(dá)方法。
一、模擬課文,自編短文
高中英語(yǔ)新教材突出的特點(diǎn)之一就是內(nèi)容豐富、題材多樣,每個(gè)單元圍繞一個(gè)話題,并有一篇具有指導(dǎo)性的閱讀性的習(xí)作。教師可以教材中的范文為例,要求學(xué)生利用課本內(nèi)容,編寫類似問(wèn)題的對(duì)話和短文。讓學(xué)生模擬仿寫課本內(nèi)容,一方面使學(xué)生更深層地鞏固課本知識(shí),另一方面教師通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇分析,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生建構(gòu)篇章的能力、學(xué)習(xí)寫作技巧、提高寫作質(zhì)量,增強(qiáng)學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)的敏感度,培養(yǎng)語(yǔ)感,同時(shí),這些課本內(nèi)容也為學(xué)生提供了寫作范例,從而使學(xué)生覺(jué)得寫作不再是遙不可及的事情。學(xué)生不僅可以適當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用和引用課文中的詞語(yǔ)和句子來(lái)輕松地表達(dá)自己的思想,而且還可以理解和體會(huì)作者在構(gòu)思、措辭、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的過(guò)渡等方面的寫作技巧,從而有效地提高了學(xué)生英語(yǔ)寫作水平。
二、模寫范文,有的放矢
首先,由教師提供不同題材的優(yōu)秀范文,然后和學(xué)生一起從結(jié)構(gòu)、人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、詞匯、承接等方面進(jìn)行分析,幫助學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)和體會(huì)作者在融思想和內(nèi)容為一體,處理主題句和其他細(xì)節(jié)句的關(guān)系、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的過(guò)渡等方面的寫作技巧;幫助學(xué)生分析文章采用的線索、分析開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾的技巧、歸納整理好的表達(dá)方式和句子結(jié)構(gòu)等,讓學(xué)生欣賞領(lǐng)會(huì)其可取之處。接著教師布置相應(yīng)的作文,讓學(xué)生邊學(xué)邊用,由領(lǐng)會(huì)式掌握自然轉(zhuǎn)為復(fù)用式掌握。這樣利用范文讓學(xué)生有機(jī)會(huì)比較自己的構(gòu)思,從而發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題,產(chǎn)生頓悟之感,寫出表述自然、布局合理、中心突出的好文章。
寫作材料:請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面提示,寫一篇題為SMOKING的短文,100詞左右.開(kāi)頭已給出。
It is almost known to all that smoking is bad for peoples health.
范文:It is almost known to all that smoking is bad for peoples health. Smoking can lead to heart disease, cancer and other problems and 2.5 million people die from smoking each year.
Still, many people find it difficult to stop smoking. One reason is that smoking usually becomes a habit, which is not easy to be given up. Another reason is the effect of nicotine, which is contained in tobacco.
Measures have been taken to help people keep away from the harm of smoking. In many cities, smoking is forbidden in public places. The danger of smoking is warned of everywhere. And newspapers are asked not to publish advertisements for cigarettes. World “No Tobacco Day” has been set against smoking.
教師分析范文。
1.段落的開(kāi)展
topic sentence -supporting sentence
⑴It is almost known to all that smoking is bad for peoples health.
⑵Still, many people find it difficult to stop smoking.
⑶Measures have been taken to help people keep away from the harm of smoking
2.精彩佳句
⑴One reason is that smoking usually becomes a habit, which is not easy to be given up. Another reason is the effect of nicotine, which is contained in tobacco.
(分析:表語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的應(yīng)用使文章行文簡(jiǎn)潔、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、句法得當(dāng))
⑵Measures have been taken to help people keep away from the of smoking. In many cities, smoking is forbidden in public places. The danger of smoking is warned of everywhere. And newspapers are asked not to publish advertisements for cigarettes. World “No Tobacco Day” has been set against smoking.
(分析:比較主動(dòng)句和被動(dòng)句在此段應(yīng)用的區(qū)別,被動(dòng)句強(qiáng)調(diào)事實(shí),句子的感染力和表現(xiàn)力更勝于主動(dòng)句)
⑶精彩詞匯:lead to , die from, find it difficult to do something, give up, take measures to do something, keep away from, warn sb of the danger
(分析:高級(jí)詞匯的使用使文章表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確、生動(dòng))
⑷邏輯過(guò)渡:still的使用使文章邏輯清楚、連貫。
⑸辯詞:disease/sickness; contain/include; die from/die of; warn… of/warn…against
學(xué)生習(xí)作(略)
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]衡玉榮.談高中生在模仿中學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)寫作[J].教育教學(xué)論壇,2011,(7).
[2]劉麗,李勇.提高英語(yǔ)寫作的新途徑——模仿[J].現(xiàn)代交際,2013,(11).
(作者單位:浙江省臺(tái)州溫嶺市松門中學(xué) 317511)