杜志勇 魏翠鳳 田銳 江建新 王敏 秦仁義
·論著·
放化療抵抗的胰腺癌細(xì)胞中干細(xì)胞標(biāo)志物的表達(dá)
杜志勇 魏翠鳳 田銳 江建新 王敏 秦仁義
目的觀察放化療抵抗的胰腺癌細(xì)胞的Bcl-2、survivin及干細(xì)胞標(biāo)志物Oct-4、ABCG2蛋白表達(dá)的變化,探討這部分腫瘤細(xì)胞耐受放化療的原因。方法采用同步放化療干預(yù)人胰腺癌細(xì)胞系SW1990、BxPC3、pc3、jf305,獲得放化療抵抗的胰腺癌細(xì)胞,以不行放化療處理的細(xì)胞作為對(duì)照。采用Western blotting檢測(cè)它們的Bcl-2、survivin、Oct-4和ABCG2蛋白的表達(dá)變化。結(jié)果放化療抵抗的SW1990、BxPC3、pc3、jf305胰腺癌細(xì)胞Bcl-2蛋白表達(dá)量分別為0.7955±0.0326、0.5718±0.0212、0.6137±0.0382和0.8733±0.0461;survivin蛋白表達(dá)量分別為0.8207±0.0490、0.6973±0.0211、0.7967±0.0346和0.8013±0.0398;Oct-4蛋白表達(dá)量分別為0.8728±0.0177、0.7861±0.0139、0.4794±0.0932和0.4216±0.1043;ABCG2蛋白表達(dá)量分別為0.7810±0.1370、0.4957±0.1126、0.6102±0.1358和0.4670±0.1274。對(duì)照組相應(yīng)細(xì)胞系的4種蛋白表達(dá)量分別為0.4723±0.018、0.2954±0.0103、0.3587±0.0201和0.2718±0.0136;0.4717±0.0274、0.3587±0.0113、0.3891±0.0147和0.3326±0.0124;0.6053±0.0142、0.4236±0.0086、0.2385±0.0671和0.1985±0.0582;0.3156±0.0582、0.2360±0.0423、0.2813±0.0512和0.1808±0.0370。放化療后胰腺癌細(xì)胞的4種蛋白表達(dá)量均顯著增加(P﹤0.05)。結(jié)論放化療抵抗的胰腺癌細(xì)胞中可能富含腫瘤干細(xì)胞。
胰腺腫瘤; 干細(xì)胞; 腫瘤細(xì)胞系; 抗藥性,腫瘤; 標(biāo)志物
放化療主要是通過(guò)誘導(dǎo)凋亡來(lái)殺死腫瘤細(xì)胞,腫瘤細(xì)胞耐受凋亡則導(dǎo)致治療失敗。現(xiàn)在認(rèn)為治療失敗最根本的原因是腫瘤干細(xì)胞的存在[1]。腫瘤干細(xì)胞通常高表達(dá)抗凋亡蛋白而低表達(dá)促凋亡蛋白,因此較普通腫瘤細(xì)胞更加耐受凋亡。一般而言,腫瘤細(xì)胞系中的干細(xì)胞含量通常較少。我們以前的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示[2],單獨(dú)給予極高濃度的化療藥物很難殺死大部分胰腺癌細(xì)胞,而放化療同步往往能獲得最佳效果。因此,本文采用同步放化療的辦法殺死大部分胰腺癌細(xì)胞,檢測(cè)殘存的小部分放化療抵抗的胰腺癌細(xì)胞中干細(xì)胞標(biāo)志物Oct-4、ABCG2及凋亡相關(guān)蛋白Bcl-2和survivin的表達(dá)變化,探討胰腺癌細(xì)胞耐受放化療的原因。
一、放化療抵抗胰腺癌細(xì)胞的獲取
人胰腺癌細(xì)胞系SW1990、BxPC3、pc3、jf305為本實(shí)驗(yàn)室保存,復(fù)蘇后用含10%胎牛血清的RPMI1640培養(yǎng)基常規(guī)培養(yǎng)。取指數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期細(xì)胞,SW1990、BxPC3和jf305細(xì)胞加入健擇(法國(guó)禮來(lái)有限公司產(chǎn)品,0.2 g/支)終濃度為10-6mol/L的培養(yǎng)基,pc3細(xì)胞加入健擇終濃度為5×10-7mol/L的培養(yǎng)基,培養(yǎng)24 h后2Gy照射一次,以后持續(xù)用含藥培養(yǎng)基培養(yǎng),每天觀察細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)情況,當(dāng)瓶底貼壁細(xì)胞不再明顯減少時(shí)收集剩余細(xì)胞。以不行放化療處理的細(xì)胞作為對(duì)照。
二、Oct-4、ABCG2、Bcl-2和survivin蛋白檢測(cè)
收集上述各組1×107個(gè)細(xì)胞,充分洗滌,置于冰上加入100 μl冷裂解液(pH 8.0的50 mmol/L Tris-HCl、150 mmol/L NaCl、0.02% NaN3、0.1% NP-40)。離心后取上清,考馬斯亮藍(lán)法測(cè)定蛋白濃度。取100 μg蛋白質(zhì),常規(guī)行Western blotting。兔抗人Oct-4 IgG及鼠抗人ABCG2 IgG(abcam公司)1∶500稀釋?zhuān)皇罂谷藄urvivin IgG和鼠抗人Bcl-2 IgG(santa cruz公司)1∶200稀釋?;瘜W(xué)發(fā)光法顯示條帶,壓片曝光。測(cè)定各條帶吸光值,以目的蛋白條帶和內(nèi)參條帶的吸光值積分比值表示目的蛋白的相對(duì)表達(dá)量。
三、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
一、殘存胰腺癌細(xì)胞量
同步放化療導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)減慢,大部分細(xì)胞死亡。連續(xù)培養(yǎng)10~12 d后,細(xì)胞數(shù)量不再明顯減少,此時(shí)細(xì)胞還剩10%左右。
二、胰腺癌細(xì)胞Bcl-2、survivin蛋白表達(dá)
放化療抵抗的SW1990、BxPC3、pc3、jf305胰腺癌細(xì)胞Bcl-2蛋白表達(dá)量分別為0.7955±0.0326、0.5718±0.0212、0.6137±0.0382和0.8733±0.0461,較相應(yīng)對(duì)照組0.4723±0.018、0.2954±0.0103、0.3587±0.0201和0.2718±0.0136的表達(dá)量均顯著增加(圖1,P﹤0.05)。
放化療抵抗的SW1990、BxPC3、pc3、jf305胰腺癌細(xì)胞survivin蛋白表達(dá)量分別為0.8207±0.0490、0.6973±0.0211、0.7967±0.0346和0.8013±0.0398,較相應(yīng)對(duì)照組0.4717±0.0274、0.3587±0.0113、0.3891±0.0147和0.3326±0.0124的表達(dá)量也均顯著增加(圖1,P﹤0.05)。
三、胰腺癌細(xì)胞Oct-4、ABCG2蛋白表達(dá)
放化療抵抗的SW1990、BxPC3、pc3、jf305胰腺癌細(xì)胞Oct-4蛋白表達(dá)量分別為0.8728±0.0177、0.7861±0.0139、0.4794±0.0932和0.4216±0.1043,較相應(yīng)對(duì)照組的0.6053±0.0142、0.4236±0.0086、0.2385±0.0671和0.1985±0.0582的表達(dá)量均顯著增加(圖1,P﹤0.05)。
放化療抵抗的SW1990、BxPC3、pc3、jf305胰腺癌細(xì)胞ABCG2蛋白表達(dá)量分別為0.7810±0.1370、0.4957±0.1126、0.6102±0.1358和0.4670±0.1274,較相應(yīng)對(duì)照組的0.3156±0.0582、0.2360±0.0423、0.2813±0.0512和0.1808±0.0370的表達(dá)量也均顯著增加(圖1,P﹤0.05)。
圖1SW1990(S)、BxPC(B)、pc3(P)和jf305(J)細(xì)胞的Oct-4、ABCG2、Bcl-2和survivin蛋白表達(dá)(加“”者為放化療抵抗組)
目前已經(jīng)在血液系統(tǒng)腫瘤和多種實(shí)體腫瘤中發(fā)現(xiàn)了相應(yīng)的腫瘤干細(xì)胞[1,3-4]。這些腫瘤干細(xì)胞和正常的干細(xì)胞一樣,通常處于G0期,高表達(dá)耐藥蛋白,并且具有強(qiáng)大的DNA修復(fù)能力和抗凋亡活性等[5],因此較常規(guī)的腫瘤細(xì)胞更能耐受凋亡,從而對(duì)放化療不敏感[3-4,6-8]。
腫瘤干細(xì)胞較普通腫瘤細(xì)胞更為耐受凋亡的主要原因是:⑴高表達(dá)Bcl-2等多種抗凋亡蛋白及survivin等多種凋亡抑制蛋白;⑵高表達(dá)包括ABCG2在內(nèi)的多種耐藥蛋白。因此,腫瘤干細(xì)胞可能是腫瘤耐藥、復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移的重要原因[1,5]。此外,干細(xì)胞可通過(guò)Wnt/β-catenin信號(hào)途徑介導(dǎo)其放療抵抗[9]。本結(jié)果顯示,4株胰腺癌細(xì)胞經(jīng)放化療處理后,殘存胰腺癌細(xì)胞Bcl-2、survivin和ABCG2蛋白表達(dá)均顯著增加,支持上述觀點(diǎn)。
采用放化療干預(yù)獲得放化療抵抗的腫瘤細(xì)胞,其可能富含腫瘤干細(xì)胞。ABCG2被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)具有普遍意義的干細(xì)胞標(biāo)志物[10],在干細(xì)胞低氧發(fā)育過(guò)程中發(fā)揮著重要的生理功能,在多種腫瘤干細(xì)胞高表達(dá)。Oct-4是另一個(gè)重要的干細(xì)胞標(biāo)志物,對(duì)于維持干細(xì)胞的自我更新和多能性起著重要作用,并與腫瘤分化及惡性程度相關(guān)[11-12]。我們之前的研究和他人研究都已經(jīng)證實(shí)胰腺癌細(xì)胞系表達(dá)干細(xì)胞標(biāo)志物Oct-4和ABCG2[12-14]。Shah等[15]用濃度梯度遞增法得到健擇耐藥的胰腺癌細(xì)胞系,其CD24、CD44、ESA表達(dá)增加,而CD44+CD24+ESA+表型胰腺癌細(xì)胞(約占細(xì)胞總數(shù)的0.2%~0.8%)被認(rèn)為是胰腺癌干細(xì)胞,這說(shuō)明健擇耐藥的胰腺癌細(xì)胞中可能富含胰腺癌干細(xì)胞。Olempska等[14]認(rèn)為,ABCG2和(或)CD133陽(yáng)性的胰腺癌細(xì)胞可能是胰腺癌干細(xì)胞。本實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,放化療抵抗的胰腺癌細(xì)胞高表達(dá)Oct-4及ABCG2蛋白,也說(shuō)明這部分殘存的胰腺癌細(xì)胞富含胰腺癌干細(xì)胞。
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2009-01-06)
(本文編輯:屠振興)
Expressionofstemcellmarkersinpancreaticcancercellsresistanttochemoradiotherapy
DU Zhi-yong, WEI Cui-feng, TIAN Rui, JIANG Jian-xin, WANG Min, QIN Ren-yi.
Department of Pancreatic-Biliary Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
QINRen-yi,Emailryqin@tjh.tjmu.edu.cn
ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of Bcl-2, survivin and pancreatic cancer stem cells markers Oct-4 and ABCG2 in pancreatic cancer cells resistance to chemoradiotherapy, and explore its mechanism.MethodsConcurrent chemoradiotherapy was used to obtain pancreatic cancer cells resistant to chemoradiotherapy, the pancreatic cancer cells without chemoradiotherapy treatment were used as control. Western-blot was applied to detect the expression of Bcl-2, survivin, Oct-4, ABCG2.ResultsThe expression of Bcl-2 was 0.7955±0.0326, 0.5718±0.0212, 0.6137±0.0382 and 0.8733±0.0461, respectively; the expression of survivin protein was 0.8207±0.0490, 0.6973±0.0211, 0.7967±0.0346 and 0.8013±0.0398, respectively; the expression of Oct-4 protein was 0.8728±0.0177, 0.7861±0.0139, 0.4794±0.0932 and 0.4216±0.1043, respectively; the expression of ABCG2 protein was 0.7810±0.1370, 0.4957±0.1126, 0.6102±0.1358 and 0.4670±0.1274, respectively,in resistant pancreatic cancer cells of SW1990, BxPC3, pc3, jf305 cell line. The corresponding values in the control group were 0.4723±0.018,0.2954±0.0103, 0.3587±0.0201 and 0.2718±0.0136; 0.4717±0.0274, 0.3587±0.0113, 0.3891±0.0147 and 0.3326±0.0124; 0.6053±0.0142, 0.4236±0.0086, 0.2385±0.0671 and 0.1985±0.0582; 0.3156±0.0582, 0.2360±0.0423, 0.2813±0.0512 and 0.1808±0.a0370. The expression of all the four proteins significantly increased after chemoradiotherapy (Plt;0.05).ConclusionsPancreatic cancer cells resistant to chemoradiotherapy may contain cancer stem cells.
Pancreatic neoplasms; Stem cells; Tumor cell line; Drug resistance, neoplasm; Marker
10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-1935.2009.05.011
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(30471693)
430030 武漢,華中科技大學(xué)同濟(jì)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬同濟(jì)醫(yī)院膽胰外科(杜志勇、田銳、江建新、王敏、秦仁義);湖北省荊門(mén)市第一人民醫(yī)院內(nèi)分泌科(魏翠鳳);上海交通大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬瑞金醫(yī)院普外科(杜志勇)
秦仁義,Email:ryqin@tjh.tjmu.edu.cn