張世能 峗淑莉 黃鳳婷 鐘娃 莊曉虹 梁愛心
·論著·
胰腺癌腫瘤干細(xì)胞的懸浮培養(yǎng)法
張世能 峗淑莉 黃鳳婷 鐘娃 莊曉虹 梁愛心
目的建立無血清懸浮培養(yǎng)分離人胰腺癌細(xì)胞系PANC1干細(xì)胞球的方法。方法采用無血清懸浮法培養(yǎng)PANC1細(xì)胞,顯微鏡下觀察干細(xì)胞球形成率;流式細(xì)胞儀檢測細(xì)胞CD133表達(dá)和細(xì)胞周期;以含10% FBS培養(yǎng)基誘導(dǎo)干細(xì)胞球細(xì)胞分化,熒光顯微鏡下觀察細(xì)胞形態(tài)及CK18的表達(dá);干細(xì)胞球細(xì)胞接種NOD/SCID小鼠皮下,觀察其成瘤能力。結(jié)果在無血清懸浮培養(yǎng)條件下存活的PANC1細(xì)胞形成干細(xì)胞球,體外連續(xù)傳代培養(yǎng)20代始終保持4‰~5‰的干細(xì)胞球形成率。干細(xì)胞球細(xì)胞CD133表達(dá)率(5.91±0.7)%,G0/G1期細(xì)胞占(80.99±2.60)%,與原代PANC1細(xì)胞的(1.44±0.52) %和(69.01±5.03)%相差顯著(Plt;0.05)。將干細(xì)胞球細(xì)胞置含血清培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng),細(xì)胞逐漸恢復(fù)原代細(xì)胞形態(tài),并表達(dá)上皮標(biāo)志蛋白CK18,2×103的干細(xì)胞即在NOD/SCID小鼠皮下成瘤。結(jié)論無血清懸浮法培養(yǎng)PANC1細(xì)胞可分離出腫瘤干細(xì)胞,其具有自我更新、多向分化和成瘤能力。
胰腺腫瘤; 干細(xì)胞; 培養(yǎng)基,無血清; 懸浮法
越來越多的研究資料顯示,腫瘤組織和細(xì)胞系中存在著一群比例極少的干細(xì)胞,其具有自我更新、多向分化潛能和高致瘤性,對放療和化療天然耐受,被認(rèn)為是腫瘤生成、生長、轉(zhuǎn)移、復(fù)發(fā)和耐藥的基礎(chǔ)[1]。迄今,已證實(shí)在白血病、腦腫瘤和乳腺癌等多種類型腫瘤中存在干細(xì)胞[2-4]。我們前期從胰腺癌細(xì)胞系SW1990中成功分離干細(xì)胞樣的側(cè)群細(xì)胞[5]。本研究采用無血清懸浮培養(yǎng)法從人胰腺癌PANC1細(xì)胞中分離干細(xì)胞,并進(jìn)一步分析其特征。
一、干細(xì)胞球培養(yǎng)
收集對數(shù)生長期PANC 1細(xì)胞,用無血清DMEM-F12培養(yǎng)基(0.4%BSA、EGF20 ng/ml、胰島素5 μg/ml、B27 50×、青霉素100 U/ml、鏈霉素100 μg/ml)重懸,調(diào)整細(xì)胞密度至103/ml。取10 ml細(xì)胞懸液置于直立的25 ml培養(yǎng)瓶中常規(guī)培養(yǎng)12 d左右,收集細(xì)胞吹打成單細(xì)胞懸液,接種于無血清DMEM-F12培養(yǎng)基傳代。
二、干細(xì)胞球形成率實(shí)驗(yàn)
收集原代PANC1細(xì)胞系及傳代的PANC1干細(xì)胞球,各取1000個(gè)細(xì)胞分別接種于含5 ml DMEM-F12培養(yǎng)基的6孔板中培養(yǎng)15 d,光鏡下計(jì)數(shù)干細(xì)胞球形成數(shù),干細(xì)胞球數(shù)/接種細(xì)胞數(shù)的百分率即為干細(xì)胞球形成率。
三、細(xì)胞CD133表達(dá)的檢測
取生長12 d的PANC1干細(xì)胞球和對數(shù)生長期PANC1細(xì)胞,加入FITC標(biāo)記的CD133,4℃避光孵育30 min,PBS洗后加入1 ml流式固定液,上流式細(xì)胞儀檢測CD133的表達(dá)。
四、細(xì)胞周期檢測
取上述細(xì)胞加入2 ml預(yù)冷的70%乙醇固定18 h,加入RNase(50 μg/ml),加PI染液(50 μg/ml),37℃孵育30 min,流式細(xì)胞儀分析。
五、細(xì)胞成瘤實(shí)驗(yàn)
取PANC1干細(xì)胞球,用PBS重懸,分別接種2×102、2×103和2×104/200 μl至NOD/SCID小鼠背部皮下,每組3只。當(dāng)腫瘤長度和寬度約1~2 cm時(shí),處死小鼠,取出皮下腫瘤,常規(guī)病理檢查。
六、細(xì)胞誘導(dǎo)分化及形態(tài)學(xué)觀察
取PANC1干細(xì)胞球,用10%血清的RPMI1640培養(yǎng)基培養(yǎng),光學(xué)顯微鏡下動(dòng)態(tài)觀察其形態(tài)學(xué)改變,采用免疫熒光方法檢測誘導(dǎo)分化3 d和10 d時(shí)細(xì)胞的CK18表達(dá)。
七、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
一、胰腺癌干細(xì)胞球的形成
在無血清培養(yǎng)基中懸浮培養(yǎng)4~5 d開始形成干細(xì)胞球,折光性好,中間密度高(圖1A),培養(yǎng)至10 d(圖1B)和15 d(圖1C),細(xì)胞球逐漸增大,中心密度更高。培養(yǎng)12 d左右后傳代,能繼續(xù)形成干細(xì)胞球,以后每7~9 d傳代,連續(xù)傳20代。原代PANC1的干細(xì)胞球形成率為(5.8±1.7)‰;第一代干細(xì)胞球的形成率為(5.5±1.3)‰;第四代為(4.5±1.3)‰,無顯著差異(Pgt;0.05)。
圖1 胰腺癌干細(xì)胞球的形成
二、干細(xì)胞球中細(xì)胞的CD133表達(dá)和周期分布
原代PANC1細(xì)胞CD133表達(dá)為(1.44±0.52)%(圖2B),第一代干細(xì)胞球?yàn)?5.91±0.7)%(圖2A),兩者相差顯著(Plt;0.05)。原代PANC1的G0/G1期細(xì)胞占(69.01±5.03)%(圖2D);第一代干細(xì)胞球?yàn)?80.99±2.60)%(圖2C),兩者相差顯著(Plt;0.05)。
圖2 CD133的表達(dá)和細(xì)胞周期分布
三、NOD/SCID小鼠成瘤情況
PANC1干細(xì)胞球細(xì)胞接種至小鼠背部皮下第11周時(shí),2×103組3只小鼠中有1只、2×104組3只小鼠均可觀察腫瘤的形成(圖3A),病理學(xué)檢查顯示種植瘤具有與原代細(xì)胞一樣的核分裂、核異型的表現(xiàn)(圖3B)。2×102組無小鼠成瘤。
四、細(xì)胞克隆的誘導(dǎo)分化
第一代干細(xì)胞球細(xì)胞置含血清培養(yǎng)基培養(yǎng)8 h后開始貼壁,伸出突起,24 h完全貼壁,細(xì)胞呈棱形、多角形和星形等(圖4A),在含血清培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)的時(shí)間越長,細(xì)胞的形態(tài)與原代細(xì)胞的形態(tài)越相似。培養(yǎng)3 d后,少部分細(xì)胞表達(dá)CK18,10 d后,大部分細(xì)胞都表達(dá)CK18(圖4B)。
圖3荷瘤NOD/SCID小鼠(A)及瘤組織的病理改變(HE ×200)
圖4第一代PANC1干細(xì)胞球用含血清培養(yǎng)劑培養(yǎng)3 d后的細(xì)胞形態(tài)(A)和CK18表達(dá)(B)
胰腺癌的早期診斷率低,耐藥率高,復(fù)發(fā)及轉(zhuǎn)移率高,臨床治療效果一直不理想,這可能緣于存在一群為數(shù)極少的胰腺癌腫瘤干細(xì)胞所致。因此,研究胰腺癌腫瘤干細(xì)胞的特性,將為胰腺癌的臨床診斷和治療提供新的思路和策略,而分離和純化胰腺癌干細(xì)胞是首要解決的關(guān)鍵問題[6]。
目前分離腫瘤干細(xì)胞的方法有3種:第一種為流式細(xì)胞分選法,Li等[7]用此方法分離出CD44+CD24+ESA+的胰腺癌干細(xì)胞,Hermann等[8]分離出CD133+的胰腺癌干細(xì)胞;第二種為側(cè)群細(xì)胞分選法,我們前期已有報(bào)道[5];第三種則為無血清懸浮培養(yǎng)法,已分離出腦、乳腺和結(jié)腸腫瘤的干細(xì)胞[3-4,9],但對胰腺癌尚未見報(bào)道。
由于腫瘤干細(xì)胞尚無公認(rèn)的特異性表面標(biāo)志物,因此鑒定干細(xì)胞主要依據(jù)細(xì)胞是否具有自我更新、多向分化潛能和高致瘤性。本文采用無血清懸浮培養(yǎng)法從PANC1中分離出干細(xì)胞球,且在體外連續(xù)傳代20代始終保持一定的干細(xì)胞球形成率,當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)換成血清培養(yǎng)時(shí),干細(xì)胞球細(xì)胞能貼壁生長,且表達(dá)CK18;2000個(gè)干細(xì)胞能在NOD/SCID小鼠中成瘤,符合上述3種特性,可以認(rèn)為這些細(xì)胞是腫瘤干細(xì)胞。
CD133為造血干細(xì)胞的表面標(biāo)志物,也被認(rèn)為是腦、結(jié)腸腫瘤干細(xì)胞的表面標(biāo)志物。Hermann等[8]分離的CD133+的胰腺癌細(xì)胞,500個(gè)就能使NOD/SCID小鼠成瘤。本實(shí)驗(yàn)采用無血清懸浮培養(yǎng)法分離的干細(xì)胞球細(xì)胞也高表達(dá)CD133,提示該培養(yǎng)方法能富集CD133表型的胰腺癌干細(xì)胞,可作為研究胰腺癌干細(xì)胞較為理想的模型。
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2008-12-26)
(本文編輯:呂芳萍)
Suspensioncultureofhumanpancreaticcancerstemcells
ZHANG Shi-neng,WEI Shu-li,HUANG Feng-ting,ZHONG Wa,ZHUANG Xiao-hong,Liang Ai-xin.
Department of Gastroenterology,Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510120,China
ZHANGShi-neng,Emailshinengz@hotmail.com
ObjectiveTo establish the method of suspension culture for stem cells from human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC1.MethodsPANC1 cells were cultured in serum-free medium under floating-culture system. Tumor cell spheres were observed by optical microscope. Expression of CD133and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry. Cancer stem cells were induced to differentiate with 10% FBS, and expression of CK18, was evaluated with immunofluorescence microscope. Spheres cells were injected into the subcutaneous space of NOD/SCID rat and tumor formation was monitored weekly.ResultsPANC1 cells could form the stem cells spheres, and the rate of sphere formation was stable between 4‰ and 5‰ after 20 passages in vitro. The expression of CD133(5.91±0.7%) and proportion of G0/G1phase cell (80.99±2.60%) was significantly increased in spheres cells compared with parental PANC1 cells (1.44±0.52% and 69.01±5.03%), and the difference was statistically significant (Plt;0.05). When these spheres cells were cultured in media with serum, these cells gradually returned to the status of parental cells and expressed CK18, 2×103sphere cells injection could initiate tumor formation in NOD/SCID rat.ConclusionsTumor spheres stem cells could be generated under serum-free floating-culture system. The sphere cells possessed the capacities of self renew, differentiation, and tumorigenic potential.
Pancreatic neoplasms; Stem cells; Culture media, Serum-free; Floating-culturel system
10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-1935.2009.05.009
廣東省自然科學(xué)基金(8151008901000139)
510120 廣州,中山大學(xué)孫逸仙紀(jì)念醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科
張世能,Email:shinengz@hotmail.com