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PCI術(shù)后72 h內(nèi)動態(tài)BPV對STEMI患者隨訪MACE發(fā)生風(fēng)險的影響

2024-07-06 17:49:58張寶山張海軍陳會校趙沙沙張強李娟柴巧英
醫(yī)學(xué)信息 2024年12期
關(guān)鍵詞:經(jīng)皮冠狀動脈介入血壓變異性

張寶山 張海軍 陳會校 趙沙沙 張強 李娟 柴巧英

摘要:目的? 探討經(jīng)皮冠狀動脈介入(PCI)術(shù)后72 h內(nèi)血壓變異性(BPV)對ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者隨訪主要心血管不良事件(MACE)發(fā)生風(fēng)險的影響,旨在為后續(xù)個體化防治方案制定及預(yù)后評估提供更多證據(jù)。方法? 回顧性納入2017年1月-2020年6月于邯鋼醫(yī)院行直接PCI術(shù)治療的STEMI患者共359例,根據(jù)術(shù)后72 h內(nèi)收縮壓和舒張壓變異性分為高水平組和低水平組,比較各組臨床特征資料及隨訪24個月MACE發(fā)生情況。采用Logistic回歸模型評價PCI術(shù)后72 h內(nèi)動態(tài)BPV對STEMI患者術(shù)后隨訪24個月MACE發(fā)生風(fēng)險的獨立影響,描繪ROC曲線評價PCI術(shù)后72 h內(nèi)動態(tài)BPV用于隨訪MACE發(fā)生風(fēng)險預(yù)測臨床效能。結(jié)果? 收縮壓變異性高水平組房顫比例、高血壓比例及ACEI/ARB使用比例均高于低水平組(P<0.05);舒張壓變異性高水平組高血壓比例、體質(zhì)量指數(shù)及ACEI/ARB使用比例均高于低水平組,但年齡和LVEF水平均低于低水平組(P<0.05);收縮壓變異性高水平組心力衰竭發(fā)生率高于低水平組(P<0.05);舒張壓變異性高水平組心力衰竭和MACE發(fā)生率均高于低水平組(P<0.05);Logistic回歸模型多因素分析結(jié)果顯示,整體人群中收縮壓高變異性是心力衰竭發(fā)生獨立危險因素,舒張壓高變異性是心力衰竭及MACE發(fā)生獨立危險因素(P<0.05);而口服降壓藥物人群中收縮壓和舒張壓高變異性均是心力衰竭及MACE發(fā)生獨立危險因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲線分析結(jié)果顯示,舒張壓高變異性可用于STEMI患者PCI術(shù)后隨訪24個月MACE發(fā)生風(fēng)險預(yù)測,AUC=0.863(95%CI:0.783~0.923)。結(jié)論? STEMI患者隨訪MACE發(fā)生與PCI術(shù)后72 h內(nèi)動態(tài)BPV水平關(guān)系密切,且收縮壓和舒張壓變異性聯(lián)合在預(yù)測患者術(shù)后24個月MACE發(fā)生風(fēng)險方面效能良好。

關(guān)鍵詞:經(jīng)皮冠狀動脈介入;血壓變異性;ST段抬高型心肌梗死;主要心血管不良事件

中圖分類號:R541.4? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文獻標(biāo)識碼:A? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2024.12.017

文章編號:1006-1959(2024)12-0080-05

Influence of BPV Within 72-hour After PCI on MACE Risk During Follow-up in Patients with STEMI

Abstract:Objective? To investigate the effect of blood pressure variability (BPV) within 72-hour after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) during follow-up, so as to provide more evidence for subsequent individualized prevention and prognosis evaluation.Methods? A total of 359 STEMI patients who underwent primary PCI in Hangang Hospital from January 2017 to June 2020 were retrospectively included. According to the variability of systolic and diastolic blood pressure within 72-hour after operation, they were divided into high-level group and low-level group. The clinical characteristics of each group and the occurrence of MACE after 24 months of follow-up were compared. Logistic regression model was used to evaluate the independent effect of dynamic BPV within 72-hour after PCI on the risk of MACE in STEMI patients after 24 months of follow-up. The ROC curve was used to evaluate the clinical efficacy of dynamic BPV within 72-hour after PCI in predicting the risk of MACE.Results? The proportion of atrial fibrillation, hypertension and ACEI/ ARB used in high-level group of systolic blood pressure variability were higher than those in low-level group (P<0.05). The proportion of hypertension, body mass index and proportion of ACEI/ARB used in high-level group of diastolic blood pressure variability were higher than those in low-level group, but the age and LVEF levels were lower than those in the low-level group (P<0.05). The incidence of heart failure in high-level group of systolic blood pressure variability was higher than that in low-level group (P<0.05). The incidence of heart failure and MACE in high-level group of diastolic blood pressure variability was higher than that in low-level group(P<0.05). Multivariate analysis of Logistic regression model showed that high variability of systolic blood pressure was an independent risk factor for heart failure in the whole population, and high variability of diastolic blood pressure was an independent risk factor for heart failure and MACE (P<0.05); while, the high variability of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in the population of oral antihypertensive drugs is an independent risk factor for heart failure and MACE (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that high diastolic blood pressure variability could be used to predict the risk of MACE in STEMI patients after PCI for 24 months, AUC=0.863(95%CI: 0.783-0.923).Conclusion? The occurrence of MACE in STEMI patients during follow-up is closely related to the dynamic BPV level within 72-hour after PCI, and the combination of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure variability is effective in predicting the risk of MACE 24 months after PCI.

Key words:Percutaneous coronary intervention;Blood pressure variability;ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction;Major cardiovascular adverse events

近年來研究提示,BPV水平與冠狀動脈粥樣硬化性心臟病、急性心肌梗死、心力衰竭及卒中發(fā)生關(guān)系密切,其中收縮壓變異性可用于心血管疾病發(fā)生率及繼發(fā)死亡風(fēng)險預(yù)測[1-3]。有學(xué)者報道證實,STEMI患者接受PCI術(shù)后住院期間收縮壓變異性與臨床預(yù)后獨立相關(guān);同時BVP還是急性心肌梗死患者住院及術(shù)后12個月MACE發(fā)生風(fēng)險獨立預(yù)測因子[4,5]。但對于術(shù)后短期,即0~3 d內(nèi)BVP水平與行PCI術(shù)治療STEMI患者心血管預(yù)后及死亡風(fēng)險間關(guān)系報道相對較少,缺乏充足循證醫(yī)學(xué)證據(jù)?;诖?,本研究通過回顧性分析2017年1月-2020年6月于邯鋼醫(yī)院行直接PCI術(shù)治療STEMI患者共359例臨床特征資料,以及隨訪24個月MACE發(fā)生情況,評估PCI術(shù)后72 h內(nèi)動態(tài)BPV對STEMI患者隨訪MACE發(fā)生風(fēng)險的影響,旨在為后續(xù)個體化防治方案制定及預(yù)后評估提供更多證據(jù)。

1資料與方法

1.1一般資料? 回顧性納入2017年1月-2020年6月于邯鋼醫(yī)院行直接PCI術(shù)治療STEMI患者共359例,根據(jù)術(shù)后72 h內(nèi)收縮壓和舒張壓變異性分為高水平組和低水平組,其中≥中位值為高水平組,<中位值為低水平組。研究設(shè)計符合世界醫(yī)學(xué)大會《赫爾辛基宣言》要求,研究方案經(jīng)醫(yī)院倫理委員會批準(zhǔn),研究對象知情同意,并簽署同意書。

1.2納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)? 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①符合STEMI診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),其中新發(fā)或疑似新發(fā)左束支傳導(dǎo)阻滯合并心肌肌鈣蛋白I水平升高亦歸入其中[6];②接受直接PCI術(shù)且完成藥物洗脫支架植入;③年齡18~75歲;④隨訪24個月及以上。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①術(shù)后30 d內(nèi)死亡;②活動性炎癥;③自身免疫性疾?。虎軔盒阅[瘤。

1.3資料收集? 登錄醫(yī)院電子病歷系統(tǒng)收集患者性別、年齡、既往史、超聲心動圖、實驗室檢查及藥物治療情況等資料,其中吸煙指既往連續(xù)或累計吸煙≥6個月[7];血脂異常判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為LDL-C≥3.4 mmol/L、HDL-C<1.04 mmol/L、TG≥1.7 mmol/L或正在接受降脂治療[8]。術(shù)后0.5 h起持續(xù)至72 h的動態(tài)血壓監(jiān)測(邁瑞MC6800型動態(tài)血壓監(jiān)測儀)每隔1 h記錄1次血壓,計算個體內(nèi)血壓值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差,收縮壓和舒張壓標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差中位數(shù)分別為12.1 mmHg,8.9 mmHg。

1.4隨訪情況? 術(shù)后隨訪采用電話、門診或住院復(fù)查方式完成,每3~6個月隨訪1次;記錄術(shù)后24個月內(nèi)MACE發(fā)生情況,包括心力衰竭、因胸痛癥狀再次入院、靶血管重建及心源性死亡;其中靶血管重建指PCI術(shù)后24個月再行冠狀動脈造影證實狹窄程度≥70%而再次接受血運重建手術(shù)治療[9]。

1.5統(tǒng)計學(xué)處理? 數(shù)據(jù)分析采用SPSS 20.0軟件。采用Kolmogorov-Smirnov檢驗完成正態(tài)性評估,符合正態(tài)分布計量資料比較采用t檢驗,以(x±s)表示;計數(shù)資料比較采用χ2檢驗,以(%)表示;多因素分析采用Logistic回歸模型,描繪ROC曲線評價預(yù)測效能。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。

2結(jié)果

2.1各組臨床特征資料比較? 收縮壓變異性高水平組房顫比例、高血壓比例及ACEI/ARB使用比例均高于低水平組(P<0.05);舒張壓變異性高水平組高血壓比例、體質(zhì)量指數(shù)及ACEI/ARB使用比例均高于低水平組(P<0.05),但年齡和LVEF水平均低于低水平組(P<0.05),見表1。

2.2各組隨訪24個月MACE發(fā)生情況比較? 收縮壓變異性高水平組心力衰竭發(fā)生率高于低水平組(P<0.05);舒張壓變異性高水平組心力衰竭和MACE發(fā)生率均高于低水平組(P<0.05),見表2。

2.3 PCI術(shù)后72 h內(nèi)動態(tài)BPV對STEMI患者術(shù)后隨訪24個月MACE發(fā)生風(fēng)險的影響多因素分析? Logistic回歸模型多因素分析結(jié)果顯示,整體人群中收縮壓高變異性是心力衰竭發(fā)生獨立危險因素(P<0.05);舒張壓高變異性是心力衰竭及MACE發(fā)生獨立危險因素(P<0.05);而口服降壓藥物人群中收縮壓和舒張壓高變異性均是心力衰竭及MACE發(fā)生獨立危險因素(P<0.05),見表3。

2.4 PCI術(shù)后72 h內(nèi)動態(tài)BPV用于術(shù)后隨訪24個月MACE發(fā)生風(fēng)險預(yù)測臨床效能ROC曲線分析? ROC曲線分析結(jié)果顯示,舒張壓高變異性可用于STEMI患者PCI術(shù)后隨訪24個月MACE發(fā)生風(fēng)險預(yù)測,AUC=0.863(95%CI:0.783~0.923),見圖1。

3討論

血壓波動與人體體液、神經(jīng)中樞反射及周圍環(huán)境等相互影響關(guān)系密切。在單日或就診期間測量血壓變化情況可能與疾病本身、藥物相關(guān)損傷或血流動力學(xué)調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)異常有關(guān),并能夠在一定程度上反映機體整體健康狀況[10,11]。

既往研究亦證實,BPV水平與卒中、心肌梗死、心血管病發(fā)生發(fā)展有關(guān),并能夠用于心血管疾病患者全因死亡預(yù)測,而上述事件與患者平均血壓水平并無相關(guān)性[12]。動態(tài)血壓監(jiān)測是評估24 h內(nèi)BPV最常用手段之一,經(jīng)動態(tài)血壓監(jiān)測每隔1 h計算BPV是全人群心血管意外相關(guān)死亡風(fēng)險獨立預(yù)測因子;同時血壓正常急性冠脈綜合征患者經(jīng)動態(tài)血壓監(jiān)測評估短期 BPV高水平與PCI后再狹窄風(fēng)險獨立相關(guān)[13,14]。此外,基于動態(tài)血壓監(jiān)測計算BPV還可能與急性心肌梗死患者住院期間MACE發(fā)生風(fēng)險有關(guān)[15]。

本研究通過單因素和多因素分析,證實術(shù)后早期BPV這一指標(biāo)與STEMI患者直接PCI術(shù)后MACE發(fā)生風(fēng)險具有相關(guān)性;其中整體人群中收縮壓高變異性是患者心力衰竭發(fā)生獨立危險因素,而舒張壓高變異性則與心力衰竭及MACE發(fā)生獨立相關(guān),與以往報道結(jié)果基本相符。進一步針對接受口服降壓藥治療人群進行亞組分析結(jié)果顯示,收縮壓和舒張壓高變異性均是心力衰竭及MACE發(fā)生獨立危險因素,提示即使接受口服降壓藥物治療甚至將平均血壓控制在合理水平,仍應(yīng)關(guān)注BPV對于遠期預(yù)后的影響。此外本次研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),收縮壓變異性較低人群具有更高心源性死亡率,這是以往報道中未觀察到的現(xiàn)象,但具體原因尚不明確,考慮到研究整體樣本量較小,這一現(xiàn)象仍有待后續(xù)更大規(guī)模前瞻性研究確證。有報道提示[16,17],急性心肌梗死后心力衰竭患者低BPV與低脈壓有關(guān),而低脈壓往往提示每搏輸出量低,故與遠期不良預(yù)后有關(guān)。另有研究提示[18-20],BPV水平增加可能與大動脈僵硬及順應(yīng)性下降有關(guān);同時交感神經(jīng)活動異常增強可導(dǎo)致血壓不穩(wěn)定,而這往往與伴心血管不良事件發(fā)生風(fēng)險增加直接相關(guān);此外部分體外實驗結(jié)果提示,高BPV水平能夠?qū)е禄蚣又貎?nèi)皮損傷,刺激腎素血管緊張素系統(tǒng)及心肌細胞凋亡,最終反映為終末臟器功能持續(xù)受損。以上皆可能是高BPV水平與急性心肌梗死患者預(yù)后不良相關(guān)潛在原因。

綜上所述,STEMI患者隨訪MACE發(fā)生與PCI術(shù)后72 h內(nèi)動態(tài)BPV水平關(guān)系密切,且收縮壓和舒張壓變異性聯(lián)合在預(yù)測患者術(shù)后24個月MACE發(fā)生風(fēng)險方面效能良好。但研究仍存在不足:①屬于單中心回顧性研究,導(dǎo)致選擇偏倚無法避免;②因無法準(zhǔn)確記錄降壓藥物用量及患者情緒狀態(tài),所得結(jié)論仍有待后續(xù)更為嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)前瞻性研究確證。

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