李綿鳳
[摘 要]目的 探討綜合護(hù)理干預(yù)在妊娠紋修復(fù)中的應(yīng)用效果。方法 選取2023年1月-12月于我院行妊娠紋修復(fù)的120例患者為研究對(duì)象,按隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為對(duì)照組及觀察組,每組60例。對(duì)照組予以常規(guī)護(hù)理,觀察組予以綜合護(hù)理,比較兩組妊娠紋認(rèn)知水平、心理彈性、妊娠紋改善效果、生活質(zhì)量及護(hù)理滿意度。結(jié)果 觀察組知曉最佳治療時(shí)間、癥狀表現(xiàn)、自然預(yù)后、治療方法占比高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);觀察組護(hù)理后樂(lè)觀、力量、堅(jiān)韌評(píng)分高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);觀察組護(hù)理后平均凹陷程度、粗糙程度、凹陷體積、灰度值評(píng)分低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);觀察組護(hù)理后軀體疼痛、生理功能、精神健康、社會(huì)功能、情感職能、生理職能、活力、總體健康評(píng)分高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);觀察組護(hù)理滿意度高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 在妊娠紋修復(fù)中實(shí)施綜合護(hù)理干預(yù)可有效改善妊娠紋,提高患者對(duì)妊娠紋的認(rèn)知水平及心理彈性,有助于提升患者生活質(zhì)量,且患者護(hù)理滿意度較高,值得臨床應(yīng)用。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 綜合護(hù)理干預(yù);妊娠紋修復(fù);自我護(hù)理能力;心理彈性
[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)] R473.71 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1004-4949(2024)10-0156-04
Application Effect of Comprehensive Nursing Intervention in the Repair of Striae Gravidarum
LI Mian-feng
(Pingyi County Peoples Hospital, Linyi 273300, Shandong, China)
[Abstract]Objective To explore the application effect of comprehensive nursing intervention in the repair of striae gravidarum. Methods A total of 120 patients with striae gravidarum repair who were treated in our hospital from January to December 2023 were selected as the research subjects. They were divided into control group and observation group according to the random number table method, with 60 patients in each group. The control group was given routine nursing, and the observation group was given comprehensive nursing. The cognitive level of striae gravidarum, psychological resilience, improvement effect of striae gravidarum, quality of life and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results The percentage of knowing the best treatment time, symptoms, natural prognosis and treatment methods in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The scores of optimism, strength and tenacity in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The average depression degree, roughness, depression volume and gray value score of the observation group after nursing were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The scores of physical pain, physiological function, mental health, social function, emotional function, physiological function, vitality and overall health in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The nursing satisfaction of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The implementation of comprehensive nursing intervention in the repair of striae gravidarum can effectively improve the striae gravidarum, improve the patients cognitive level and psychological elasticity of striae gravidarum, help to improve the quality of life of patients, and the patients nursing satisfaction is high, which is worthy of clinical application.
[Key words] Comprehensive nursing intervention; Striae gravidarum repairy; Self-care ability; Psychological resilience
妊娠紋(striae gravidarum)是妊娠過(guò)程中隨著胎兒的增長(zhǎng),腹部皮下脂肪層增厚,腹部皮膚延展速度與腹部增長(zhǎng)速度不一致,導(dǎo)致皮膚內(nèi)的彈力蛋白纖維斷裂而引發(fā)的紋路[1]。現(xiàn)階段,臨床多會(huì)在產(chǎn)后通過(guò)射頻儀進(jìn)行妊娠紋修復(fù)治療,雖有一定的改善效果,但受損部位很難恢復(fù)至孕前,且整體治療過(guò)程較為漫長(zhǎng)。在此期間,由于部分患者對(duì)該疾病的認(rèn)知缺乏,導(dǎo)致無(wú)法積極配合治療,影響最終治療效果[2]。因此,對(duì)該疾病患者實(shí)施有效的護(hù)理干預(yù)至關(guān)重要。綜合護(hù)理通過(guò)對(duì)患者的心理、生理層面進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)估,設(shè)定多項(xiàng)護(hù)理程序,可提升整體護(hù)理水平[3]。本研究旨在探討綜合護(hù)理干預(yù)在妊娠紋修復(fù)中的應(yīng)用效果,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1.1 一般資料 選取2023年1月-12月于平邑縣人民醫(yī)院行妊娠紋修復(fù)的120例患者為研究對(duì)象,按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為對(duì)照組及觀察組,每組60例。對(duì)照組年齡25~40歲,平均年齡(35.04±2.23)歲;病程0.5~3年,平均病程(1.33±0.26)年。觀察組年齡25~41歲,平均年齡(35.06±2.25)歲;病程0.6~3年,平均病程(1.35±0.24)年。兩組年齡及病程比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),研究可比。
1.2 納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①腹部存在明顯的妊娠紋;②單胎足月順產(chǎn);③均知情同意并簽署知情同意書(shū)。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①就診前接受抗生素或激素用藥者;②瘢痕體質(zhì)者;③皮膚存在炎癥者。
1.3 方法
1.3.1對(duì)照組 予以常規(guī)護(hù)理:包括口頭健康宣教,實(shí)施腹部按摩、基礎(chǔ)心理疏導(dǎo)等。
1.3.2觀察組 予以綜合護(hù)理:①組建綜合護(hù)理干預(yù)小組:由護(hù)士長(zhǎng)擔(dān)任小組組長(zhǎng),組內(nèi)所有成員均接受妊娠紋護(hù)理相關(guān)知識(shí)的培訓(xùn),使護(hù)理人員對(duì)妊娠紋護(hù)理的技能儲(chǔ)備更為全面,能夠?qū)颊哒归_(kāi)體系化的護(hù)理干預(yù);通過(guò)考核后,方可參與后續(xù)的護(hù)理服務(wù);②心理護(hù)理:采用鼓勵(lì)式語(yǔ)言鼓勵(lì)患者,并協(xié)助患者舒緩心理壓力,讓其用積極、理性的眼光看待妊娠紋;③健康宣教:通過(guò)發(fā)放健康教育手冊(cè)、播放視頻等多種方式協(xié)助患者強(qiáng)化對(duì)疾病的認(rèn)知;④皮膚護(hù)理:○a 洗澡時(shí)讓患者將溫?zé)岬呐D叹鶆蛲磕ㄔ诟共科つw上,以雙手打圈的形式對(duì)腹部皮膚進(jìn)行按摩;洗澡后將纖體緊致霜均勻涂抹在腹部,強(qiáng)化皮膚新陳代謝,緊致皮膚;○b 雞蛋清涂敷:清潔腹部皮膚后,將橄欖油加入到雞蛋清內(nèi)涂敷妊娠紋,再使用棉布條將腹部包裹,持續(xù)10 min。
1.4 觀察指標(biāo)
1.4.1調(diào)查兩組妊娠紋認(rèn)知水平 根據(jù)《妊娠紋知曉情況》[4]問(wèn)卷回答情況調(diào)查,以問(wèn)答題的形式讓患者自行填寫(xiě)問(wèn)卷,根據(jù)回答正確與否判斷,統(tǒng)計(jì)兩組知曉相關(guān)內(nèi)容的占比。
1.4.2評(píng)估兩組心理彈性 采用心理彈性量表(CDRISC)[5]評(píng)估,包括樂(lè)觀、力量、堅(jiān)韌3個(gè)維度,各維度總分分別為16、32、52分,量表滿分100分,評(píng)分與心理彈性呈正相關(guān)。
1.4.3評(píng)估兩組妊娠紋改善效果 根據(jù)愛(ài)爾蘭皮膚成像3D皮膚測(cè)試儀檢測(cè)結(jié)果評(píng)定,包括平均凹陷程度、粗糙程度、凹陷體積、灰度值4個(gè)方面,每部分總分15分,評(píng)分與妊娠紋嚴(yán)重度呈正相關(guān)。
1.4.4評(píng)估兩組生活質(zhì)量 于護(hù)理后采用健康狀況調(diào)查簡(jiǎn)表(SF-36)對(duì)軀體疼痛、生理功能、精神健康、社會(huì)功能、情感職能、生理職能、活力、總體健康8個(gè)維度進(jìn)行評(píng)分,各維度總分均為100分,評(píng)分越高提示患者生活質(zhì)量越好。
1.4.5評(píng)估兩組護(hù)理滿意度 使用本院自制滿意度問(wèn)卷調(diào)查表對(duì)護(hù)理水平、操作技法、服務(wù)態(tài)度等20項(xiàng)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行評(píng)定,對(duì)“非常滿意、一般滿意、不滿意”分別記2分、1分、0分,其中>16分為非常滿意,12~16分為一般滿意,<12分為不滿意。滿意度=非常滿意率+一般滿意率。
2.1 兩組妊娠紋認(rèn)知水平比較 觀察組知曉最佳治療時(shí)間、癥狀表現(xiàn)、自然預(yù)后、治療方法占比高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 兩組心理彈性比較 觀察組護(hù)理后樂(lè)觀、力量、堅(jiān)韌評(píng)分高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表2。
2.3 兩組妊娠紋改善效果比較 觀察組護(hù)理后平均凹陷程度、粗糙程度、凹陷體積、灰度值評(píng)分低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表3。
2.4 兩組生活質(zhì)量比較 觀察組護(hù)理后軀體疼痛、生理功能、精神健康、社會(huì)功能、情感職能、生理職能、活力、總體健康評(píng)分高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表4。
2.5 兩組護(hù)理滿意度比較 觀察組護(hù)理滿意度高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表5。