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血小板相關(guān)參數(shù)與急性缺血性卒中靜脈溶栓遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后的相關(guān)性:Meta分析

2023-10-18 08:27徐國(guó)鋒王艷
中國(guó)現(xiàn)代醫(yī)生 2023年28期
關(guān)鍵詞:基線異質(zhì)性溶栓

徐國(guó)鋒,王艷

血小板相關(guān)參數(shù)與急性缺血性卒中靜脈溶栓遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后的相關(guān)性:Meta分析

徐國(guó)鋒1,王艷2

1.中山大學(xué)附屬第七醫(yī)院檢驗(yàn)科,廣東深圳 518107;2.中山大學(xué)附屬第七醫(yī)院急診與災(zāi)難醫(yī)學(xué)中心,廣東深圳 518107

系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)急性缺血性腦卒中(acute ischemic stroke,AIS)患者靜脈溶栓(intravenous thrombolysis,IVT)治療前后平均血小板體積(mean platelet volume,MPV)、血小板體積分布寬度(platelet distribution width,PDW)、血小板與淋巴細(xì)胞比值(platelet to lymphocyte ratio,PLR)、血小板與中性粒細(xì)胞比值(platelet to neutrophil ratio,PNR)與遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后的關(guān)系。通過計(jì)算機(jī)檢索中國(guó)知網(wǎng)、萬(wàn)方數(shù)據(jù)、重慶維普、PubMed、Web of Science數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中關(guān)于MPV、PDW、PLR、PNR與AIS患者IVT治療后遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后相關(guān)性的研究文獻(xiàn),檢索時(shí)間從建庫(kù)至2023年2月,使用改良Rankin量表評(píng)估患者遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后。使用Newcastle-Ottawa量表對(duì)文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),使用RevMan 5.4軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理。共14篇文獻(xiàn)、3645例患者納入研究。Meta分析顯示:AIS患者基線MPV升高與IVT后遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后不良呈正相關(guān)(1.80,95%:1.27~2.53,=0.0009),基線PDW(1.16,95%:0.81~1.66,=0.42)、基線PLR(1.00,95%:0.99~1.01,=0.91)與IVT后遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后不良無(wú)明顯相關(guān)性。IVT后24h內(nèi)PLR升高(1.01,95%:1.00~1.01,=0.004)與遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后不良呈正相關(guān),PNR升高(0.96,95%:0.94~0.97,<0.000 01)與遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后不良呈負(fù)相關(guān);IVT后24h內(nèi)MPV(0.82,95%:0.46~1.49,=0.52)和PDW(0.87,95%:0.64~1.16,=0.34)均與遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后不良無(wú)明顯相關(guān)性?;€MPV升高及IVT后24h內(nèi)PLR升高、PNR降低可能是AIS患者IVT后遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后不良的預(yù)測(cè)標(biāo)志物。

平均血小板體積;血小板體積分布寬度;血小板與中性粒細(xì)胞比值;血小板與淋巴細(xì)胞比值;急性缺血性腦卒中;Meta分析

腦卒中已成為全球三大主要致死疾病之一,發(fā)病率、致殘率和死亡率均較高。伴隨著我國(guó)人口老齡化,腦卒中發(fā)病率呈逐年增高趨勢(shì),其中缺血性腦卒中占絕大多數(shù)[1-2]。靜脈溶栓(intravenous thrombolysis,IVT)是發(fā)病4.5h內(nèi)的急性缺血性腦卒中(acute ischemic stroke,AIS)患者的首選治療方法[3-4]。不同AIS患者IVT治療后預(yù)后存在差異,探討影響其預(yù)后的相關(guān)因素具有重要意義。近年來(lái),越來(lái)越多的學(xué)者通過尋找實(shí)驗(yàn)室指標(biāo)以對(duì)AIS患者IVT后臨床效果進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè),但仍存在爭(zhēng)議。血小板的激活和活化在血栓形成中發(fā)揮重要作用,平均血小板體積(mean platelet volume,MPV)和血小板體積分布寬度(platelet distribution width,PDW)是反映血小板活化的重要指標(biāo)[5-6];同時(shí)越來(lái)越多的研究顯示AIS后炎癥反應(yīng)與其病程及預(yù)后密切相關(guān),而淋巴細(xì)胞和中性粒細(xì)胞是炎癥相關(guān)的重要組成部分[7]。本研究通過系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)AIS患者IVT后的遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后與基線、IVT后24h內(nèi)MPV、PDW、血小板與淋巴細(xì)胞比值(platelet to lymphocyte ratio,PLR)和血小板與中性粒細(xì)胞比值(platelet to neutrophil ratio,PNR)的相關(guān)性,從血液成分角度尋找AIS患者IVT后不良預(yù)后的早期識(shí)別因素,以便進(jìn)行早期干預(yù)。

1 資料和方法

1.1 文獻(xiàn)納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)為國(guó)內(nèi)外公開發(fā)表的MPV、PDW、PLR和PNR中的一項(xiàng)或多項(xiàng)與AIS患者IVT后臨床預(yù)后相關(guān)性的隊(duì)列研究;②研究對(duì)象為符合IVT適應(yīng)證的AIS患者;③出版語(yǔ)言為中文和英文,國(guó)籍不限;④IVT后3個(gè)月及以上采用改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin scale,mRS)進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后評(píng)估;⑤如為中文文獻(xiàn),需發(fā)表于核心期刊。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①重復(fù)發(fā)表、動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)、綜述類、病例報(bào)道、學(xué)位論文、會(huì)議論文、數(shù)據(jù)不全、尚未公開發(fā)表的文獻(xiàn);②無(wú)法獲取標(biāo)本采集時(shí)間的文獻(xiàn)。

1.2 文獻(xiàn)檢索策略

檢索時(shí)間:自建庫(kù)至2023年2月,檢索中國(guó)知網(wǎng)、萬(wàn)方數(shù)據(jù)、重慶維普、PubMed、Web of Science中公開發(fā)表的關(guān)于MPV、PDW、PLR、PNR與AIS患者IVT治療后遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后相關(guān)性的研究文獻(xiàn)。檢索方式采用主題詞和自由詞組合。中文檢索詞包括:血小板、溶栓、卒中/腦梗死,英文檢索詞包括:platelet、thrombolysis/thrombolytic、stroke/cerebral infarction。

1.3 數(shù)據(jù)篩選、提取及文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)

由2名研究者獨(dú)立對(duì)納入文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)提取。在遇到差異時(shí),共同查閱全文,通過討論解決分歧。根據(jù)Newcastle-Ottawa量表對(duì)文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量進(jìn)行評(píng)估,最高9顆星,≥6顆星為高質(zhì)量,納入研究的文獻(xiàn)均≥6顆星。

1.4 結(jié)局性指標(biāo)

將IVT治療≥3個(gè)月后mRS評(píng)分作為結(jié)局性指標(biāo),mRS評(píng)分0~2分納入預(yù)后良好組,mRS評(píng)分≥3分納入預(yù)后不良組。

1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

采用RevMan 5.4軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。以合并的作為效應(yīng)量,通過每篇文章提供的和95%利用公式計(jì)算Log()及其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤(standard error,)。采用2檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行異質(zhì)性檢驗(yàn),檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)為=0.10。當(dāng)2>50%時(shí),認(rèn)為研究間存在異質(zhì)性。當(dāng)>0.10,2≤50%時(shí),采用固定效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行合并分析;當(dāng)≤0.10,2>50%時(shí),采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行合并分析。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 文獻(xiàn)檢索流程與結(jié)果

最初檢索得到文獻(xiàn)1009篇,按照納入和排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行篩選,共14篇文獻(xiàn)、3645例患者納入研究[8-21];其中預(yù)后良好組2210例,預(yù)后不良組1435例,見圖1、表1。

2.2 Meta分析結(jié)果

2.2.1 基線及IVT治療后24h內(nèi)MPV與AIS患者IVT后遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后的相關(guān)性 7篇[11-13,16,19-21]報(bào)道AIS患者基線MPV、2篇[12,18]報(bào)道IVT后24h內(nèi)MPV與IVT后遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后的相關(guān)性。各研究間存在異質(zhì)性(分別為2=78%,<0.0001和2=82%,=0.02),采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型。結(jié)果顯示:AIS患者基線MPV升高與遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后不良存在正相關(guān)(1.80,95%:1.27~2.53,=0.0009),IVT后24h內(nèi)MPV與遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后不良無(wú)明顯相關(guān)性(0.82,95%:0.46~1.49,=0.52),見圖2、圖3。

圖1 文獻(xiàn)檢索流程圖

表1 納入文獻(xiàn)的基本信息

注:NA為未注明;rt-PA為重組組織型纖溶酶原激活劑;a為基線;b為IVT后24h內(nèi);①為MPV;②為PDW;③為PLR;④為PNR;*數(shù)據(jù)顯示為四分位數(shù)范圍

圖2 基線MPV預(yù)測(cè)AIS患者IVT后遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后不良的Meta分析森林圖

圖3 IVT后24h內(nèi)MPV預(yù)測(cè)AIS患者IVT后遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后不良的Meta分析森林圖

2.2.2 基線及IVT后24h內(nèi)PDW與AIS患者IVT后遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后的相關(guān)性 4篇[9,13,17,21]報(bào)道基線PDW、2篇[17-18]報(bào)道IVT后24h內(nèi)PDW與AIS患者IVT后遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后的相關(guān)性。各研究間存在異質(zhì)性(分別為2=63%,=0.04和2=68%,=0.08),采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型。結(jié)果顯示:基線及IVT后24h內(nèi)PDW與遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后不良均無(wú)明顯相關(guān)性(分別為1.16,95%:0.81~1.66,=0.42和0.87,95%:0.64~1.16,=0.34),見圖4、圖5。

2.2.3 基線及IVT后24h內(nèi)PLR與AIS患者IVT后遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后的相關(guān)性 5篇[12,14,16-17,19]報(bào)道基線PLR、4篇[10,12,14,17]報(bào)道IVT后24h內(nèi)PLR與AIS患者IVT后遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后的相關(guān)性。各研究間存在異質(zhì)性(分別為2=85%,<0.0001和2=66%,=0.03),采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型。結(jié)果顯示:基線PLR與遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后不良無(wú)明顯相關(guān)性(1.00,95%:0.99~1.01,=0.91),IVT后24h內(nèi)PLR升高與IVT后遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后不良存在明顯正相關(guān)(1.01,95%:1.00~1.01,=0.004),見圖6、圖7。

2.2.4 基線及IVT后24h內(nèi)PNR與AIS患者IVT后遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后的相關(guān)性 2篇[15,17]報(bào)道基線PNR與AIS患者IVT后遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后的相關(guān)性,其中1篇認(rèn)為無(wú)相關(guān)性,本研究未進(jìn)一步做Meta分析。3篇[8,15,17]報(bào)道IVT后24h內(nèi)PNR與遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后的相關(guān)性。各研究間無(wú)異質(zhì)性(2=0,=0.41),采用固定效應(yīng)模型。結(jié)果顯示:IVT后24h內(nèi)PNR升高與遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后不良存在明顯負(fù)相關(guān)(0.96,95%:0.94~0.97,<0.000 01),見圖8。

圖4 基線PDW預(yù)測(cè)AIS患者IVT后遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后不良的Meta分析森林圖

圖5 IVT后24h內(nèi)PDW預(yù)測(cè)AIS患者IVT后遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后不良的Meta分析森林圖

圖6 基線PLR預(yù)測(cè)AIS患者IVT后遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后不良的Meta分析森林圖

圖7 IVT后24h內(nèi)PLR預(yù)測(cè)AIS患者IVT后遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后不良的Meta分析森林圖

3 討論

近年來(lái)卒中的發(fā)病率逐年上升,給社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展帶來(lái)嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn),然而目前缺少AIS預(yù)后評(píng)估的預(yù)測(cè)因子。血小板是血栓形成的中心,機(jī)體中體積較大的血小板往往含有較多的活性物質(zhì),在血栓形成過程中,血小板變大、活性增強(qiáng)并釋放更多的血栓素A2、致密顆粒,從而使機(jī)體更容易發(fā)生凝集反應(yīng)[23-25]。MPV是反映血小板大小、功能和活性的重要指標(biāo),PDW可反映血小板體積差異程度,在血小板活化過程中顯著升高,與MPV呈非線性關(guān)系,是血小板活性的另一重要標(biāo)志物[26-27]。

本研究結(jié)果顯示:AIS患者基線MPV升高與IVT后遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后不良呈正相關(guān),基線PDW、IVT后24h內(nèi)MPV和PDW均與IVT后遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后不良無(wú)明顯相關(guān)性。以上結(jié)果表明基線MPV升高可能是IVT后遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后的預(yù)測(cè)標(biāo)志物,而基線PDW及IVT后24h內(nèi)MPV和PDW在預(yù)測(cè)IVT后遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后的價(jià)值不足。

炎癥反應(yīng)在AIS缺血再灌注損傷中發(fā)揮重要作用,中性粒細(xì)胞數(shù)量越多對(duì)腦組織的損傷越大,淋巴細(xì)胞相對(duì)減少可促進(jìn)促炎因子釋放[28-30]。本研究選取PLR、PNR為研究對(duì)象以期更好地評(píng)估血小板相關(guān)的炎癥反應(yīng)在AIS患者IVT后的臨床預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值。結(jié)果顯示:基線PLR與AIS患者IVT后遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后不良無(wú)明顯相關(guān)性,IVT后24h內(nèi)PLR和PNR升高分別與AIS患者IVT后遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后不良呈正相關(guān)和負(fù)相關(guān)。表明基線PLR預(yù)測(cè)AIS患者IVT后的臨床結(jié)果價(jià)值不足,但I(xiàn)VT后24h內(nèi)PLR升高、PNR降低可能是AIS患者IVT后不良臨床結(jié)局的預(yù)測(cè)標(biāo)志物。

在臨床實(shí)踐中,對(duì)采取IVT治療的AIS患者盡早評(píng)估病情及預(yù)后、篩選可能預(yù)后不良的高危患者并進(jìn)行針對(duì)性干預(yù)對(duì)優(yōu)化治療結(jié)局、降低致殘率具有積極意義。由于AIS病因類型多、影響血液指標(biāo)的因素也較多,且本研究所納入的文獻(xiàn)多為回顧性研究,因而存在一定的局限性,有待于大規(guī)模的隨機(jī)對(duì)照臨床試驗(yàn)進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證。同時(shí),由于AIS的病理生理機(jī)制復(fù)雜,將血液指標(biāo)與臨床、影像指標(biāo)結(jié)合,綜合預(yù)測(cè)AIS患者IVT后的臨床預(yù)后或更加全面。

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Association between platelet parameter and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis: A Meta-analysis

XU Guofeng, WANG Yan2

1.Department of Laboratory, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, China; 2.Center of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, China

To systematically evaluate the relationship between mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), platelet to neutrophil ratio (PNR) and the long-term prognosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT).The research literature on the correlation between MPV, PDW, PLR, PNR and the long-term prognosis of AIS patients after IVT treatment was searched by computer from CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, PubMed and Web of Science databases from the establishment of the library to February 2023. Modified Rankin scale was used to evaluated the long-term prognosis. The quality of literature was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RevMan 5.4 software was used to analyze the data.A total of 14 articles and 3645 patients were included in the study. Meta-analysis revealed as follows: baseline MPV increase was correlated with poor prognosis in AIS patients after IVT (1.80, 95%: 1.27-2.53,=0.0009). Neither PDW (1.16, 95%: 0.81-1.66,=0.42) nor PLR (1.00, 95%: 0.99-1.01,=0.91) in baseline showed correlation with poor prognosis in AIS patients after IVT. Both PLR (1.01, 95%: 1.00-1.01,=0.004) increase and PNR (0.96, 95%: 0.94-0.97,<0.000 01) decrease within 24 hours post-IVT were correlated with poor prognosis in AIS patients after IVT. MPV (=0.82, 95%: 0.46-1.49,=0.52) and PDW (=0.87, 95%: 0.64-1.16,=0.34) within 24 hours after IVT were not significantly associated with poor long-term prognosis.The increase of MPV at baseline and the increase of PLR and decrease of PNR within 24 hours after IVT may be predictive markers of poor long-term prognosis in AIS patients after IVT.

Mean platelet volume; Platelet distribution width; Platenet to lymphocyte ratio; Platelet to neutrophil ratio; Acute ischemic stroke; Meta analysis

R743

A

10.3969/j.issn.1673-9701.2023.28.016

王艷,電子信箱:wangyan@sysush.com

(2023–04–24)

(2023–09–17)

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