文|張敏

一、教學(xué)背景

近兩年，中國(guó)空間站建造進(jìn)展順利、佳報(bào)頻傳。去年10月，神州十三號(hào)載人飛船首次在軌飛行6個(gè)月，讓每一位中華兒女倍感自豪。11月份，南通市舉辦了以“講中國(guó)故事，倡傳統(tǒng)美德”為主題的教研活動(dòng)，筆者關(guān)注到如火如荼建設(shè)中的中國(guó)空間站，希望讓每個(gè)學(xué)生了解空間站，感受祖國(guó)科技的偉大成就！空間站的建設(shè)屬于時(shí)事，筆者從“二十一世紀(jì)學(xué)生英文報(bào)”網(wǎng)站找到兩篇相關(guān)新聞報(bào)道，并進(jìn)行刪減整合，形成了本課的教學(xué)語篇“Building a home in space”。（內(nèi)容如下）

Building a home in space

China is building a common（共同的）home in space for everyone.It’s the Tiangong space station（天宮空間站）.

The space station will have a core capsule（核心艙）,two lab capsules（實(shí)驗(yàn)艙）,a cargo spacecraft（貨運(yùn)飛船）and a manned spacecraft（載人飛船）.

On October 16,Shenzhou XIII（神州十三號(hào)）carried three Chinese astronauts into space.They are Zhai Zhigang,Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu.They will live and work in Tiangong’s core module（艙）,Tianhe,for six months.This will be the longest（最長(zhǎng)的）space journey（旅行）by astronauts.

During（在……期間）their stay,they have many tasks to do.They will do scientific experiments and spacewalks.Wang will be the first Chinese woman to carry out a spacewalk.She will also become a space teacher and give a lesson to students on Earth.

One other special thing is that astronauts will spend the Spring Festival in space for the first time.What will they do to celebrate?We can see them on TV later and find out！

二、教學(xué)分析

1.語篇分析

全文共分為五段，第一、二兩段介紹空間站的基本信息和五個(gè)模塊的名稱；第三至五段介紹神州十三號(hào)載人飛船的信息。語篇話題屬于科普類，生詞較多、較難，對(duì)于影響學(xué)生閱讀興趣的生詞，加注了中文；而能通過上下文猜測(cè)大意的生詞，則不需加注中文。

2.學(xué)生分析

語篇內(nèi)容適合六年級(jí)學(xué)生，經(jīng)過幾年的學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生已經(jīng)積累了較為豐富的語音、詞匯、語法等知識(shí)，擁有較高的語言能力和學(xué)習(xí)能力。語篇內(nèi)容雖然較難，但可以設(shè)定恰當(dāng)?shù)慕虒W(xué)目標(biāo)，選擇合適的教學(xué)方法，將課堂活動(dòng)始終保持在學(xué)生的“最近發(fā)展區(qū)”，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)教學(xué)目標(biāo)。

3.目標(biāo)分析

教學(xué)目標(biāo)的設(shè)定既要基于學(xué)生的學(xué)情，又要指向核心素養(yǎng)的發(fā)展，包括提升學(xué)生的語言能力、文化意識(shí)、思維品質(zhì)和學(xué)習(xí)能力。本課教學(xué)目標(biāo)具體如下：

（1）學(xué)生能聽懂、會(huì)讀、會(huì)說space station,core capsule,lab capsule,cargo spacecraft,manned spacecraft,astronauts,scientific experiments,spacewalk,spend等語篇重點(diǎn)詞匯。

（2）學(xué)生能夠利用板書、思維導(dǎo)圖等合作復(fù)述天空空間站的五個(gè)模塊以及神州十三號(hào)載人飛船的信息。

（3）學(xué)生能夠了解空間站的建設(shè)進(jìn)程和計(jì)劃、貨運(yùn)飛船和實(shí)驗(yàn)艙的功能。

（4）學(xué)生能夠了解中國(guó)航天50年的發(fā)展歷程，感受祖國(guó)科技的巨大進(jìn)步，增強(qiáng)民族自豪感，樹立報(bào)效祖國(guó)的遠(yuǎn)大志向。

4.重難點(diǎn)分析

本課教學(xué)重點(diǎn)是掌握語篇核心詞匯、復(fù)述語篇大意，了解空間站的建設(shè)情況和中國(guó)航天史，發(fā)展學(xué)生的語言能力和文化意識(shí)。教學(xué)難點(diǎn)首先為科普類生僻詞匯，其次為復(fù)述文本內(nèi)容，最后是讓學(xué)生能夠在學(xué)習(xí)中形成正確的文化意識(shí)。要突破以上難點(diǎn)，需要選擇科學(xué)、合理的教學(xué)方法并豐富課程資源。

三、教學(xué)實(shí)錄

Step 1.Warming-up and leading-in

1.Watch a video

設(shè)計(jì)意圖：通過觀看空間站的科普視頻，激發(fā)學(xué)生對(duì)于本課內(nèi)容的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，初步呈現(xiàn)重點(diǎn)詞匯。

2.Free talk

T:You watched carefully.Can you guess what we’ll learn today?

S:Tiangong Space Sation.（新授space,station）

T:The name of the space station is Tiangong,which means Heavenly Palace.What do you think of the name?

S:It’s beautiful.

T:Which country is building it?

S:China.

T:You can see the national flag here.Now,let’s listen to Paragragh 1 and check.

T:Who can read this part?（學(xué)生朗讀第一段）

T:I’m happy you can read this word well.（新授common）

T:Today let’s talk about building a home in space.

設(shè)計(jì)意圖：本環(huán)節(jié)承上啟下,師生結(jié)合視頻展開交流，自然過渡到文本第一段并揭示課題。在交流中追問空間站的名字，讓學(xué)生初步感受中華文化的浪漫，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的文化自信。

Step 2.Presentation and practice

1.Learn and retell the five parts of the space station

（1）Listen and learn

T:From the picture,can you guess how many parts the space station will have?

S:Five.

T:Let’s listen and find out what they are.

T:First,there’s a...Who can read it?

S:core capsule（新授core capsule：before——core，capsule分解為cap+sule，操練sule）

T:Next，there are two...

S:Lab capsules.（新授lab）

T:Then，there’s a...

S:Cargo spacecraft.（新授cargo spacecraft：cargo分解成car+go，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生猜測(cè)詞義，spacecraft分解成space+craft，操練craft）

T:A car can go with goods.Cargo means...

S:貨運(yùn)。

T:Clever boy！Finally,there’s a...

S:Manned spacecraft.（新授man-manned）

T:Manned spacecraft can carry men to space.It means...

S:載人飛船。

T:Great！Now let’s read the five parts together.

設(shè)計(jì)意圖：本環(huán)節(jié)學(xué)習(xí)空間站五個(gè)模塊的名稱，通過單詞分解、聯(lián)系舊知、看詞猜意等方式，幫助學(xué)生輕松朗讀和理解詞匯。

（2）Match and retell

T:Look!I have a model of the space station.Can you put the names of each part in the right place?（一位同學(xué)在黑板上進(jìn)行板貼，其他學(xué)生在導(dǎo)學(xué)單上完成）

T:Next,let’s work in pairs and retell.

設(shè)計(jì)意圖：通過將空間站五個(gè)模塊名稱擺放到相對(duì)應(yīng)圖片的正確位置，學(xué)生能夠在多感官活動(dòng)中積極主動(dòng)地建構(gòu)知識(shí)，獲得積極的學(xué)習(xí)體驗(yàn)。

2.Watch and know the plan

T:You know the five parts well,but which ones did we send into space?Look at the names.What spacecrafts are they？

T:Tianhe is the core capsule.What about Tianzhou?

S:Lab capsules.

T:No.Zhou is a boat.It can carry goods.Guess？

S:Cargo spacecraft?

T:Yes!And Shenzhou is...

S:Manned spacecraft.

T:Right!Now watch a video and match the names with the launching time.

T:What can you find?（觀察板書并思考）

S:We always send cargo spacecraftsbeforemanned spacecrafts.

T:You have sharp eyes.Why do we do that?

S:I think before the men go to the space station,the food will go first.

T:Great！Cargo spacecrafts can carry many other things，too.（拓展貨運(yùn)飛船的功能）

T:Are they important to the astronauts?（新授astronauts）

設(shè)計(jì)意圖：學(xué)生在了解空間站建設(shè)情況時(shí)，通過談?wù)摳鞑糠趾教炱鞯闹形拿?，再次體會(huì)中華文化之美。在匹配航天器與發(fā)射時(shí)間后,學(xué)生觀察板書探究發(fā)射規(guī)律，思考貨運(yùn)飛船先于載人飛船發(fā)射的原因，體現(xiàn)新版《英語課程課標(biāo)》倡導(dǎo)的“為學(xué)生創(chuàng)設(shè)主動(dòng)參與和探究主題意義的情境和空間，使學(xué)生成為意義探究的主體和積極主動(dòng)的知識(shí)建構(gòu)者”。最后，以astronauts一詞巧妙連接下一部分。

3.Talk about the 3 astronauts of Shenzhou XIII

T:Look at the astronauts.Who are they?

S:They are Zhai Zhigang,Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu.

T:What do you know about them?

S:They went to space on the 16th of October.

S:They live and work in the core capsule.

S:They’ll stay for 6 months.

T:What do you think of 6 months?

S:It’s very long for us.

T:Yes.This will be the longest space journey by astronauts.

T:What will they do?

S:They’ll do scientific experiments and spacewalks.（新授：science-scientific,experiments拆分成音節(jié)朗讀）

T:What does spacewalk mean?

S:太空漫步。

T:It means work out of the space station.

T:What else will they do?

S:They will give a lesson to students on Earth.

T:Two weeks ago,they became space teachers and gave a lesson.Did you watch the lesson?

S:Yes./No.

T:Now let’s watch a short clip.（學(xué)生觀看太空課片段）What do you think of the lesson?

S:It’s very interesting.

T:I think it’s special.（新授special）Why?

S:Because we can’t do it on the Earth.

T:Great!There’s one other special thing for them.What is that?

S:They will spend the Spring Festival in space for the first time.

T:Yes!Spend means...

S:度過。

T:How will they spend the Spring Festival in space?Guess!

S:I think they will call their family and give good wishes.

S:I think they will clean the space station and make it red.

S:I think they will eat jiaozi and watch the Spring Festival Gala.

T:Good ideas!You can see them on TV later and find out！Next,please work in groups and retell.

設(shè)計(jì)意圖：該部分是語篇的主要內(nèi)容，學(xué)生通過導(dǎo)學(xué)單上的思維導(dǎo)圖提煉關(guān)鍵信息，提升思維品質(zhì)和學(xué)習(xí)效果；通過觀看太空課，猜測(cè)航天員如何在太空過春節(jié)，有效拓展了文本，豐富了學(xué)生的課程資源。最后，小組借助板書合作復(fù)述，化解難點(diǎn)，發(fā)展了語言能力和學(xué)習(xí)能力。

Step 3.Get to know more

T:Did we send all the parts to the space station?

S:No.

T:Not the lab capsules.When will we send the two lab capsules?

S:Next year.

T:What can astronauts do in the lab capsules?

S:They can do scientific experiments.

T:Yes,lab capsules are also places to live,work and stay in emergency.They can even manage and control the space station.Are they useful?

S:Yes!

T:When will we finish building our home in space?Who can read this part?（學(xué)生朗讀課件中的相關(guān)信息）

T:Do you know why we call it a common home?

S:Because we welcome foreign astronauts to the space station.

T:Yes！We know a lot about space station now.How do you feel?What do you want to say?

S:I feel proud because I’m Chinese.

S:I’m very excited!

S:I’m proud of our motherland and the three astronauts too!

S:I hope our motherland will be stronger.

T:The space work is not easy.Let’s watch a video to know about China’s space history.

T:Scientists make our country strong.What can you do for our country?

S:I can study hard.

S:I can learn more things for the future.

S:I want to be a good student.

T:Great!Let’s work together and make our aims come true!

設(shè)計(jì)意圖：通過交流實(shí)驗(yàn)艙的功能、空間站的建造計(jì)劃并探索common一詞的內(nèi)涵，讓學(xué)生感受到祖國(guó)科技的強(qiáng)大；通過回顧中國(guó)航天50年的歷程，讓學(xué)生明白成就來之不易，從而樹立奮發(fā)向上的斗志，實(shí)現(xiàn)文化意識(shí)的提升。

Step 4.Homework and blackboard design

1.（必做）Talk about the Tiangong space station to your family

2.（選做）Read more about China’s space news

設(shè)計(jì)意圖：本課設(shè)計(jì)的兩個(gè)作業(yè)包括復(fù)習(xí)鞏固和拓展延伸，既有利于學(xué)生鞏固語言知識(shí)和技能，又能夠發(fā)揮潛能，促進(jìn)自主學(xué)習(xí)。板書中左側(cè)呈現(xiàn)空間站的建造計(jì)劃，右側(cè)呈現(xiàn)課題、空間站模型以及神州十三號(hào)載人飛船的關(guān)鍵詞，四張粉紅詞條是對(duì)spend the Spring Festival話題的拓展延伸，板書設(shè)計(jì)形象生動(dòng)，有效體現(xiàn)了教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)。

四、教學(xué)反思

時(shí)文素材與時(shí)俱進(jìn)，蘊(yùn)含著豐富的時(shí)代信息與文化內(nèi)涵。新版《英語課程課標(biāo)》提出，英語課程內(nèi)容的選取遵循培根鑄魂、啟智增慧的原則，緊密聯(lián)系現(xiàn)實(shí)生活，體現(xiàn)時(shí)代特征，反映社會(huì)新發(fā)展、科技新成果。本課對(duì)于小學(xué)階段利用時(shí)文豐富課程資源、發(fā)展學(xué)生核心素養(yǎng)提出以下思考。

1.關(guān)注時(shí)事，捕捉話題

當(dāng)前，中國(guó)空間站的建設(shè)正在取得前所未有的成就，教師能夠捕捉到這一時(shí)事中蘊(yùn)含的巨大育人價(jià)值，積極開發(fā)課程，有效實(shí)現(xiàn)立德樹人的教學(xué)目標(biāo)。時(shí)事是生活中鮮活的教育素材，只要教師們善于發(fā)現(xiàn)，就能夠?qū)⑻N(yùn)含時(shí)代發(fā)展變革的時(shí)文素材變成發(fā)展學(xué)生核心素養(yǎng)的優(yōu)質(zhì)課程資源。

2.精減文本，調(diào)適難度

任何時(shí)文素材，能否運(yùn)用于課堂，都需要教師判斷其內(nèi)容是否符合教學(xué)目標(biāo)和學(xué)情。時(shí)文詞匯量大，本課采用了刪減、合并新聞報(bào)道的方法來獲取合適的語篇。教師還可以結(jié)合學(xué)生實(shí)際，改寫、替換部分詞匯以調(diào)整語篇難度。合理的語篇是成功教學(xué)的前提。

3.運(yùn)用技術(shù)，豐富資源

新版《英語課程課標(biāo)》指出，努力營(yíng)造信息化教學(xué)環(huán)境，基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺(tái)開發(fā)和利用豐富的、個(gè)性化的優(yōu)質(zhì)課程資源。為了豐富課程資源，實(shí)現(xiàn)教學(xué)目標(biāo)，筆者利用信息技術(shù)制作了多個(gè)觀賞性強(qiáng)的英語科普視頻，收到良好的教學(xué)效果。

4.巧用方法，突破難點(diǎn)

本課的教學(xué)難點(diǎn)，經(jīng)過課前準(zhǔn)確的教學(xué)分析，基本實(shí)現(xiàn)突破。美中不足的是，學(xué)生在小組合作復(fù)述神州十三號(hào)載人飛船的內(nèi)容時(shí)，沒能完整復(fù)述所有關(guān)鍵信息。如果能優(yōu)化板書，呈現(xiàn)when,who等疑問詞使邏輯更清晰，并且對(duì)合作要求和評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提出更具體的指導(dǎo)，相信可以進(jìn)一步提升教學(xué)效果。