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旨在培育思維品質(zhì)的新型對話教學模式初探
——以PEP《英語》六(上)Unit 3 Part A Let’s try & Let’s talk為例

2022-09-03 06:06:28鮑文瓊
小學教學設(shè)計(英語) 2022年8期
關(guān)鍵詞:活躍想象筆者

文|鮑文瓊

在對話教學中培育學生的思維品質(zhì),無疑是教師教學工作的重點之一。筆者按對話前、對話中和對話后三個教學環(huán)節(jié)分步探索了在對話教學過程中培育學生的思維品質(zhì)的方法,構(gòu)建起“對話前(開啟思維)→對話中(活躍思維)→對話后(提升思維品質(zhì))”的新型課堂教學模式,從而幫助學生實現(xiàn)“在對話的過程中有思維,在思維的過程中有對話”,努力使學生達成對話前有思考,對話時有思維含量,對話后有沉淀的目標,在提升學生思維品質(zhì)的同時也提升學生的文化品格。

一、對話前,開啟學生的思維

開啟學生的思維,就是要讓學生成為問題的發(fā)現(xiàn)者,通過教師各種各樣的刺激使學生產(chǎn)生思考的欲望和沖動。通過筆者的觀察、研究和實踐發(fā)現(xiàn),以下方面能幫助學生開啟思維(見圖1):

例如在執(zhí)教PEP《英語》六(上)Unit 3 Part A Let’s try & Let’s talk 這一課時,在對話前,筆者運用頭腦風暴的形式激發(fā)學生思考,從而開啟學生的發(fā)散思維,提前預測對話內(nèi)容的方法。

【教學片斷1】

1.Greetings and warming-up

(1)Greetings

(2)A song“What are you going to do?”

2.Revision

(1)Fun with the timeline(見圖2)

T: Here is a timeline.Can you go on with this?

Ss: Tomorrow/ This Friday/ This weekend/...

Then T shows her own list.

T: That’s my list.I think you listed more than me.

Ss: ...

(2)Brainstorm(見圖3)

圖3

T: There are so many activities.What activities make you feel happy/busy/meaningful? Please choose a kind and list in groups.

Ss: OK!

T: How many activities have you listed? Please share them with the class.

After that,T shows her own lists and asks the Ss to read.

(3)Share Ms Bao’s weekend plan(見圖4、圖5)

圖4

圖5

T: For me teaching is meaningful.Now I am having an English lesson.This afternoon I am going to have an English class in 606.What are you going to do this afternoon?

S1: I’m going to...

T: I’m going to see a film this evening.What are you going to do this evening?

S2: ...

T: Now, boys and girls, you may choose one to ask and answer in pairs.In this exercise you can use “Have a good time! Sounds great! Can I go with you?”etc.

Ss work in pairs.Then choose some pairs to show.

T: If you want to know Ms Bao’s weekend plan,what will you ask?

S1: ...

Encourage the Ss to ask questions and get to know the teacher’s weekend plan.

T: What do you think of my weekend?

Ss: It is busy/ happy/ meaningful, ...

本課所設(shè)計的三個對話前活動從不同的層面激開啟學生的思維?;顒右煌ㄟ^對時間軸的補白,引導學生廣泛搜羅腦海中關(guān)于時間的詞匯,同時通過觀察和思考得出這個時間軸上的詞匯指向未來,于是又對腦海中所搜集到的詞匯進行篩選進而獲得最佳答案,在這一活動中學生的想象思維和邏輯思維同時開啟;活動二是通過頭腦風暴的形式讓學生列舉所學過的動詞詞組,是一個更為開放的思考活動,學生在列舉大量的動詞詞組的同時,還需要判斷該詞組屬于The activities make you feel happy/ busy/ meaningful 中的哪一類,從而促使學生在想象中判斷,在判斷中想象;活動三是通過讓學生提問教師的方式獲取有關(guān)教師的周末計劃的信息,如何提問、如何組織語言等等便成了學生需要思考和解決的問題,學生需要思考的問題更多,相應(yīng)的思考也將更深入。

以上三個對話前的活動前后聯(lián)系,梯度上升,以weekend plan 為主線,引導學生進行多方面的思考,連續(xù)刺激和開啟學生的思維,為接下來的學習和進一步思考奠定基礎(chǔ)。

二、對話中,活躍學生的思維

對話過程中,在學生的思維開啟之后,教師還要幫助學生更加積極主動地思考,讓學生成為一個善思者。教師適時的啟發(fā)和點撥,能有效幫助學生活躍思維。通過筆者的觀察、研究和實踐發(fā)現(xiàn),以下方面能幫助學生活躍思維(見圖6):

圖6

仍以PEP《英語》六(上)Unit 3 Part A Let’s try& Let’s talk 為例。在對話中,筆者通過呈現(xiàn)情境,讓學生預測對話內(nèi)容的方法,開啟學生的想象思維和發(fā)散思維。

【教學片斷2】

1.Presentation and practice

(1)Predict Sarah’s and Mike’s weekend plan

T: Now look! Who are they?

Ss: ...

T: What are they doing?

Ss: They are making a phone call.

T: What are they talking about?

Ss: ...

蘇共長期執(zhí)政,由于權(quán)力過分集中,缺乏監(jiān)督制約,在蘇共內(nèi)部逐步形成了一個特殊的階層。他們享有多方面特權(quán):

T: They’re talking about the weekend plan.

Write the title“The weekend plan”on Bb.

T: What is Mike going to do? And what is Sarah going to do? You may choose one and predict in pairs.(見圖7)

圖7

(2)Listen and check(見圖8、圖9)

圖8

圖9

T: First let’s check their Saturday plans.Let’s listen and circle.

Ss listen to the dialogue of Let’s try and finish the exercise on P24.Then check.

T: So what is Mike going to do this Saturday morning?

Ss: ...

T: What about Sarah? What is Sarah going to do this Saturday?

Ss: .../ I don’t know.

T: We’re not sure.So we can say,“Maybe Sarah is going to go swimming in the afternoon or in the morning”.

Ss: Maybe Sarah is going to go swimming this Saturday.

(3)Watch and check

T: We’ve got their Saturday plans.What about Sundays? Let’s watch the video.

(Before watching, the Ss will have 2 questions.)

Q1: What is Mike going to do this Sunday?

Q2: What is Sarah going to do this Sunday?

(4)Read and check

T: Mike is going to see a film.When is he going to see a film?

Ss: ...

T: In the afternoon or in the morning?

Ss In the afternoon.

T: How do you know that?

Ss: Because on the ticket, it says 16:20.

T: What’s Mike going to do this Sunday morning? Do you know?

Ss: ...

T: Maybe Mike is going to...

Ss: Do homework.

T: I think so.

T: Doing homework belongs to work activities.Going fishing and seeing a film belong to play activities.So:

Work+Play= A meaningful plan

T: What is Sarah going to do this Sunday?

Development: When is Sarah going to have an art lesson?

Where is Sarah going to have an art lesson?

What is Sarah going to do in the art lesson?

(5)Listen and repeat the dialogue

(6)Read together

(7)Read in roles

在對話中筆者設(shè)計了前后相連的三個活動。先讓學生在前一個環(huán)節(jié)的基礎(chǔ)上預測Sarah 或Mike 的周末計劃,旨在讓學生全方位展開想象,在進入對話之前對對話有一定的預判。通過想象,學生不但對對話內(nèi)容有了一定的了解,更激起了學生對對話內(nèi)容的好奇和向往。然后通過Listen and check, Watch and check 以及Read and check 三個活動從聽覺和視覺方面一步步地來印證之前的預測和想象。這三個活動層次分明,前后連貫,學生在活動中不僅印證了對對話內(nèi)容的預測,而且還對細節(jié)進行了理性思考,整個過程中學生的注意力、判斷力都被積極地調(diào)動起來,進而思辨出自己之前的猜測孰對孰錯。

綜觀學生這一系列在對話中的思維活動,從思維的活躍程度來說,主動、積極和活躍;從思維的類型來說,想象思維和判斷思維交織,有效達成了在對話中活躍學生思維的目的。

三、對話后,提升學生的思維品質(zhì)

對話后,要使學生從中有所得,有所沉淀,就要使學生說“有含金量”的話,即提升學生的思維品質(zhì)。通過筆者的觀察、研究和實踐發(fā)現(xiàn),以下方面能幫助學生提升思維品質(zhì)(見圖10):

圖10

仍以PEP《英語》六(上)Unit 3 Part A Let’s try& Let’s talk 為例。在對話后,筆者采用了先讓學生反思總結(jié)之前所學對話,再想象類似的對話情境,并創(chuàng)編新對話的方式培養(yǎng)學生的綜合分析能力和創(chuàng)新思維能力。

【教學片斷3】

1.Consolidation

(1)Let’s think

T: What do you think of Mike’s weekend plan?

S1: It’s meaningful.

S2: Sometimes he plays and sometimes he works.That’s great!

S3: It’s colourful.

...

T: What do you think of Sarah’s weekend plan?

S1: She plays too much.

S2: She doesn’t do homework.

S3: She doesn’t read books.

T: So sometimes we need to play and sometimes we need to work.They are both important.There is a saying,“All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.”

(2)Make your weekend plan with your friend

T: Now you may talk about your weekend plan with your friend.And try to make it concrete and meaningful.There are 3 levels for you to choose.

(3)Enjoy some meaningful plans

T: A meaningful plan helps you a lot.So try to make a plan before you do something important.

Ss: OK!

對話后的三個活動,引導著學生的思維向更深處探究。活動一,Let’s think 引導學生反思并總結(jié)剛剛所學的對話,讓學生在談體會、發(fā)表意見的過程中進行深層思考,綜合分析各種計劃合理與否,孰對孰錯。這是學生對價值觀發(fā)出的拷問,是一種深層次的對話,這樣的對話來源于課本,又高于課本,拷問過后在學生心中沉淀下來的就是正確的認識。活動二,Make your plan with your friend 是一個開放性的活動,在分層設(shè)計中學生的創(chuàng)新思維被不同程度開啟,學生需要想象在什么樣的情況下需要制定計劃,設(shè)置什么樣的計劃才是合理的,怎樣合理分配學習和娛樂的時間等等。通過這些想象,學生所創(chuàng)編出來的對話便是創(chuàng)新的成果?;顒尤珽njoy some meaningful plans 可以豐富學生的體驗,這樣的體驗刺激了學生情感的豐富,有了一定的情感積淀之后學生的想法自然增多,也就是學生的思維處在復雜之中,復雜便是學生思維品質(zhì)提升的表現(xiàn),慢慢地學生必將從中提煉出道理的精髓、智慧的精華以及人生的真諦。

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