中國美術(shù)學院良渚校區(qū)，杭州，浙江，中國

2022-03-19 07:55非常建筑

世界建筑 2022年3期

非常建筑

新教育體系

中國美術(shù)學院良渚校區(qū)將容納4000名學生并建立起4個教研方向：發(fā)展跨學科創(chuàng)新人才，推動設(shè)計與信息經(jīng)濟，融入人工智能技術(shù)，建立當代設(shè)計教育新標桿。在校園設(shè)計競賽階段，中國美術(shù)學院要求參與建筑師想象一個能夠幫助實現(xiàn)上述目標的教育體系。我們建議了一個有如下特征的教學框架：（1）手腦并用。每個學生，無論其未來發(fā)展方向，均需上有關(guān)制作的基礎(chǔ)課程，如繪畫、設(shè)計或建筑等。（2）高年級的課程以研究項目為主導，培養(yǎng)學生解決實際問題及跨學科團隊合作的技能。（3）取消“系”的設(shè)置，對知識進行整合。

Towards a New Mode of Education

A new campus of China Academy of Art(CAA) is located in Liangzhu, a district in the city of Hangzhou. At Liangzhu, this art based comprehensive university plans to have four academic divisions, which are College of Innovative Design, College of Art Management,College of Foundational Education, and College of Continuing Education, and will house 3000 full-time students and 1000 continuing education students. The four main objectives of this new campus include developing interdisciplinary innovative talents, promoting design and informational economy, integrating artificial intelligence technology and setting another benchmark for contemporary design education. At the stage of the campus design competition, CAA asked the participating architects to envision an educational system that would meet the missions above. We understood that choosing a major while entering college is no longer the best way for today's higher education and proposed a conceptual framework for learning that is defined by the following: (1) Use head and hands. Every student, regardless his/her discipline or concentration, has to take courses that engage making, from drawing/painting to design/architecture, as part of the foundations.(2) Classes as research projects for advanced level, which allows students to acquire skills to work as an interdisciplinary team and solve realworld problems. (3) Abolish the "departments"so that knowledge is integrated.

建筑育人

基于以上的研究，我們認為建筑可以也應該成為教育體系的一部分。什么樣的校園空間有利于動手和實驗并鼓勵學生之間在課內(nèi)外互動與合作？盡管傳統(tǒng)教室仍然有其存在的必要性，主要的教學空間在良渚被重新定義為開放、延綿的工坊。在工坊中可以進行常規(guī)課程的教授，也可以是學生們或獨自閱讀寫畫或結(jié)伴搭建討論的場所。在工坊中，校園內(nèi)所有的活動盡可一覽無余，學生一邊沉浸在自己的興趣中一邊也不難發(fā)現(xiàn)其他同學從事的種種創(chuàng)作。我們希望在這個校園環(huán)境中能夠模糊教導和學習、研究與實踐的界線。高聳的拱頂給工坊帶來充分的自然光，也給大型的建造及事件，如會議、戲劇/舞蹈演出，創(chuàng)造了條件。

居學

在良渚，學生就住在工坊之上。工坊、公共空間、宿舍自下而上的垂直布置把學生的生活和學習融為一體，體現(xiàn)了“校園即社區(qū)”的理念。宿舍被稱為“學舍”，因為其中設(shè)置了專門為學生自發(fā)組織“興趣社“的空間。興趣社是學生自學課程的一種形式。我們希望通過建筑向?qū)W生推介“生活即教育”的思想，這正是良渚校園規(guī)劃及工坊設(shè)計背后的核心理念。同時，從設(shè)計概念上，良渚校園也是開放的。目前，中國美術(shù)學院已經(jīng)為良渚的新生們開設(shè)了一門課，在課上讓同學們想象利用校園空間的方式。

1 校園外景Exterior view

2 鳥瞰Aerial view

3 工坊Workshops

4 高層宿舍平面High-rise dormitory plans

獨棟校園

在良渚，不但沒有教學區(qū)與生活區(qū)之分，所有的建筑都用廊子相串連，形成了一個只有一棟建筑的校園。為了滿足學生們晾曬衣服的需要，同時又不影響混合使用校園對建筑外表統(tǒng)一的追求，我們在宿舍的陽臺外面設(shè)計了一個整體的格柵系統(tǒng)，達到即整潔又遮陽的目的。在多層宿舍的屋頂?shù)榷嗵帲€設(shè)計了一系列名為“探索器”的半室外純建筑空間，以進一步豐富校園生活。

中國美術(shù)學院良渚校區(qū)分為兩個階段建造。一期已完工，于2021年9月投入使用。整個校園將于2023年建成?！?/p>

5 高層宿舍剖面High-rise dormitory section

Architecture that Teaches

Based on the research above, we believe that architecture can and should be part of the educational system. What kind of campus space may best to facilitate making and experimentation as well as to encourage students to interact with each other inside and outside the classroom to nurture collaboration?While traditional classrooms are still necessary,the main teaching-learning space at Liangzhu is redefined as an open, continuous studio,where classes can be held and students may read, write or draw alone, or build, discuss or debate together. In this space, all the activities on campus are visible, which means that a student can be constantly aware of what others are working on while pursuing his/her own interest. We hope to blur teaching and learning, research and practice in this particular school environment. Its vaulted studio spaces bring in ample natural light would allow largescale installations as well as events, such as conferences and drama/dance performances.

Learning and Living

At Liangzhu, students live right above the studios. The vertically sequenced system of dormitory, social space and studios creates an architecture that embodies the concept of"college as community" where students live and study under one roof. Within the dormitories,there are spaces provided to the students for themselves to organize "hobby clubs", which are a form of self-taught courses. We hope to convey to the students the notion of "living is learning", which makes up the core ideas of this campus design along with the studios. In many ways, CAA Liangzhu is an open project. The incoming students have been asked to imagine the ways they will engage the architectural spaces of this campus in a workshop to make the campus their home.

One Building

Since there are no separate zones for teaching facilities and living quarters typical of a college campus, all the buildings at Liangzhu are connected by covered walkways and conceptually woven into a single piece of architecture. Due to the habit of hanging laundry in the dormitory balconies, this mixed-use spatial organization calls for a tidier than usual appearance for the dormitories. A continuous metal louvre is thus devised on the building exteriors to screen off laundry as well as air conditioners while serving as sunshades. On the rooftops of the dormitories, we designed a series of semioutdoor spaces named "view-finders", which is aimed at further enriching the campus life of Liangzhu.

For the purpose of construction management,the CAA Liangzhu project was scheduled in two phases. The first phase was completed in July 2021, and classes began in September of the same year. The entire campus is due to open in 2023.□