朱彥旭 李锜軒 譚張楊 李建偉
摘? 要:隨著西方國(guó)家對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)微電子行業(yè)封鎖限制力度的加大,快速發(fā)展國(guó)內(nèi)微電子行業(yè)已成為勢(shì)在必行的趨勢(shì),而相關(guān)微電子行業(yè)人才的培養(yǎng),則是確保行業(yè)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。良好的微電子專業(yè)本科生教育培養(yǎng)模式是獲取高質(zhì)量微電子行業(yè)人才的唯一途徑。為更好地貫徹國(guó)家對(duì)高校提出的微電子人才培養(yǎng)要求以及滿足行業(yè)人才的需求,文章通過(guò)對(duì)目前微電子專業(yè)本科教學(xué)中現(xiàn)存問(wèn)題的剖析,引入了具有彈性和針對(duì)性的新型人才培養(yǎng)方案;提出基于OBE理念輔助的本科生導(dǎo)師制新型教育培養(yǎng)模式;并推行以校企合作為核心的實(shí)踐教學(xué)輔助平臺(tái)以強(qiáng)化理論教學(xué)的方案。最后提出了基于DEA模型對(duì)新型微電子專業(yè)本科生培養(yǎng)教學(xué)模式的實(shí)證分析方法。
關(guān)鍵詞:微電子專業(yè);本科教育;本科生導(dǎo)師制;OBE理念;實(shí)踐教學(xué)
中圖分類號(hào):C961? ? ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A? ? ? ? ? 文章編號(hào):2096-000X(2021)26-0160-05
Abstract: In recent years, the blockade of domestic microelectronics industry in western countries has made it an imperative trend to develop domestic microelectronics industry, and the training of relevant microelectronics industry talents is the basis to ensure the development of the industry. The excellent undergraduate education and training mode of microelectronics major is the only way to obtain high quality microelectronics talents. In order to better implement the national requirements for the cultivation of microelectronics talents for universities and meet the needs of talents in the industry, through analyzing the existing problems in the undergraduate teaching of microelectronics major, this paper introduces a new talent training program with flexibility and pertinence. At the same time, a new mode of undergraduate tutorial system based on OBE concept is proposed. In addition, the paper puts forward a practical teaching assistance platform scheme with school-enterprise cooperation as the core, so as to strengthen theoretical teaching. Finally, an empirical analysis method based on DEA model for the new model of microelectronics undergraduate training and teaching is proposed.
Keywords: microelectronics; undergraduate education; tutorial system in undergraduates; OBE concept; practical teaching
西方國(guó)家對(duì)我國(guó)微電子行業(yè)限制銷售和制造禁令力度的不斷加大,雖在一定程度上對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)微電子集成電路發(fā)展造成了影響,但更多的是加快了國(guó)家助力微電子行業(yè)發(fā)展及人才培養(yǎng)教育的舉措。工信部下發(fā)的《中國(guó)集成電路產(chǎn)業(yè)人才白皮書(shū)(2018-2019年版)》指出,我國(guó)集成電路人才缺口直至2021年仍將達(dá)到26.1萬(wàn)人[1]。數(shù)據(jù)表明,人才培養(yǎng)及行業(yè)發(fā)展所具有的連帶效應(yīng),在加速高校微電子專業(yè)人才培養(yǎng)模式的基礎(chǔ)上能有效地解決人才短缺問(wèn)題。即重視高校微電子專業(yè)人才培養(yǎng),是從根本上解決國(guó)家微電子行業(yè)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。為此,早在2015年7月,教育部聯(lián)合工信部等多部門就已做出相關(guān)意見(jiàn),提出《關(guān)于支持有關(guān)高校建設(shè)示范性微電子學(xué)院的通知》,加速國(guó)家對(duì)微電子專業(yè)人才培養(yǎng)的相關(guān)政策文件支持。隨后,2016年4月,教育部、發(fā)改委、工信部等七部委,又頒布了《教育部等七部門關(guān)于加強(qiáng)集成電路人才培養(yǎng)的意見(jiàn)》的通知,明確指出各地教育部門要聯(lián)合高校企業(yè),加大對(duì)集成電路微電子相關(guān)人才的培養(yǎng)教育水平[2]。隨著國(guó)家在微電子專業(yè)人才培養(yǎng)方面陸續(xù)發(fā)布的眾多規(guī)定和實(shí)施整改計(jì)劃要求,推動(dòng)了高校對(duì)微電子專業(yè)人才培養(yǎng)方案整改的探索,尤其是針對(duì)作為微電子專業(yè)主力軍的本科生的教育培養(yǎng)模式改革。
本文通過(guò)對(duì)微電子專業(yè)本科生培養(yǎng)教育中現(xiàn)有問(wèn)題的分析,結(jié)合目前已見(jiàn)成效的高校教育相關(guān)改革策略,針對(duì)性地提出了微電子專業(yè)本科生的教學(xué)培養(yǎng)新模式。以基于OBE理念輔助的本科生導(dǎo)師制為中心,校企合作為輔助,建立具有彈性和針對(duì)性的本科生培養(yǎng)教學(xué)模式。并提出以DEA為評(píng)價(jià)模型的新教育培養(yǎng)模式實(shí)用性的驗(yàn)證方法。
一、微電子專業(yè)本科人才培養(yǎng)中的問(wèn)題