鄒琳
摘? 要:高校學(xué)生資助對(duì)脫貧攻堅(jiān)作出突出貢獻(xiàn),是阻斷貧困代際傳遞的重要途徑。文章從價(jià)值追求、歷史使命、社會(huì)意義三個(gè)方面詮釋高校學(xué)生資助的功能定位。然而,當(dāng)前在精準(zhǔn)資助推進(jìn)中存在粗放型資助方式、社會(huì)力量貢獻(xiàn)不足、對(duì)“從輸血到造血”詮釋不足等問(wèn)題。為此,亟需轉(zhuǎn)變資助思維,提高政治站位,充分認(rèn)識(shí)到高校學(xué)生資助在脫貧攻堅(jiān)中的重大作用與意義,完善精準(zhǔn)資助機(jī)制建設(shè);充分發(fā)揮多元資助主體,尤其是社會(huì)主體在資助中的重要作用,加速建設(shè)社會(huì)支持體系;探索資助育人新模式,由單純的“輸血”到既“輸血”又“造血”,支持學(xué)生全面發(fā)展,在脫貧攻堅(jiān)中發(fā)揮更大作用。
關(guān)鍵詞:脫貧攻堅(jiān);高校學(xué)生資助;現(xiàn)實(shí)困境
中圖分類號(hào):G640? ? ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A? ? ? ? ? 文章編號(hào):2096-000X(2021)26-0006-05
Abstract: Grants for college students have made outstanding contribution to poverty alleviation, which is a significant way to break the intergenerational transmission of poverty. This paper tries to interpret the function of grants for college students from the following three aspects: value pursuit, historical mission and social significance. However, there are still some problems in the practice of precise funding promotion, such as the extensive funding, the insufficient contribution of social groups, and the inadequate interpretation of "from blood transfusion to hematopoiesis". Therefore, it is urgent to change the thinking of financial aid, improve the political position and improve the construction of targeted funding mechanism and fully realize the important role and significance of financial aid for college students under the background of poverty alleviation. Besides, we should take maximum advantage of multiple funding entities, especially the social entities, and accelerate the construction of a social support system. We should also explore a new mode of educational subsidy, from simple "blood transfusion" to both "blood transfusion" and "blood donation", to support the all-round development of students and promote the greater role of college student subsidies in poverty alleviation.
Keywords: poverty alleviation; colleges and universities student aid; realistic dilemma
一、脫貧攻堅(jiān)背景下高校學(xué)生資助的功能定位
(一)公平正義:高校學(xué)生資助的價(jià)值追求
資助工作是一項(xiàng)講政治、惠民生、暖民心的工程,是構(gòu)建社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)的重要舉措。貧困問(wèn)題已經(jīng)不僅僅是民生問(wèn)題,更影響了社會(huì)公平正義。要充分認(rèn)識(shí)高校學(xué)生資助在追求社會(huì)公平正義的核心價(jià)值,更好地推動(dòng)我國(guó)教育扶貧事業(yè)的改革與發(fā)展。資助不僅是為了使貧困地區(qū)和家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)子脫離貧困,更是為了消除社會(huì)中的不平等,使全社會(huì)達(dá)到公平正義的狀態(tài),通過(guò)起點(diǎn)公正、過(guò)程公正和結(jié)果公正的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)教育分配正義和關(guān)系正義,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)資助對(duì)公平正義的價(jià)值追求。
十八大以來(lái),全國(guó)在教育領(lǐng)域全面落實(shí)精準(zhǔn)扶貧、精準(zhǔn)脫貧方略,瞄準(zhǔn)貧困地區(qū)學(xué)生,實(shí)施全覆蓋的教育扶貧行動(dòng),先后實(shí)施了20項(xiàng)教育扶貧政策,實(shí)現(xiàn)了貧困地區(qū)義務(wù)教育普及、學(xué)校基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、學(xué)生資助體系、教師隊(duì)伍建設(shè)、民族教育發(fā)展、職業(yè)教育提升等領(lǐng)域的教育扶貧全方位覆蓋[1]。建立健全高校學(xué)生資助政策體系,使家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生都能夠平等獲得接受高等教育的機(jī)會(huì),保證教育公平,實(shí)現(xiàn)“人人有學(xué)上,個(gè)個(gè)有技能,家家有希望”的目標(biāo),讓貧困家庭子女也能擁有夢(mèng)想成真和人生出彩的機(jī)會(huì)。
(二)脫貧攻堅(jiān):高校學(xué)生資助的歷史使命
中共中央、國(guó)務(wù)院于2018年8月發(fā)布《中共中央國(guó)務(wù)院關(guān)于打贏脫貧攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)三年行動(dòng)的指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)》中提出:“到2020年,鞏固脫貧成果,通過(guò)發(fā)展生產(chǎn)脫貧一批,易地搬遷脫貧一批,生態(tài)補(bǔ)償脫貧一批,發(fā)展教育脫貧一批,社會(huì)保障兜底一批。要健全覆蓋各級(jí)各類教育的資助政策體系,學(xué)生資助政策實(shí)現(xiàn)應(yīng)助盡助?!笨梢?jiàn),學(xué)生資助在教育扶貧中發(fā)揮著重要作用,肩負(fù)著脫貧攻堅(jiān)的歷史使命。