田丹 吳薇 許青 呂遷洲 李曉宇
摘 要 目的:結(jié)合具體病例回顧酪氨酸激酶抑制劑(tyrosine kinase inhibitors,TKIs)與華法林相互作用的研究現(xiàn)狀。方法:1例女性在合用伊馬替尼和華法林半年后出現(xiàn)血尿,藥師分析不良反應(yīng)的原因并提出處理方式。結(jié)果:血尿的產(chǎn)生可能是伊馬替尼和華法林的相互作用引起兩者血中濃度升高,藥效均增強的結(jié)果。藥師建議立即降低華法林劑量至1.5 mg qd,5 d后復(fù)查國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化比值(international normalized ratio,INR)降為1.85。結(jié)論:華法林與TKIs合用應(yīng)每周仔細(xì)監(jiān)測INR,及時調(diào)整華法林的劑量。對于有相互作用風(fēng)險的藥物,伊馬替尼血藥濃度監(jiān)測應(yīng)貫穿于治療的全程。
關(guān)鍵詞 伊馬替尼 華法林 相互作用 國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化比值 出血
中圖分類號:R973.2; R969.2 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:B 文章編號:1006-1533(2021)19-0061-05
Hematuria caused by combination of imatinib and warfarin: a case report
TIAN Dan, WU Wei, XU Qing, LYU Qianzhou, LI Xiaoyu
(Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: To review the interaction between tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and warfarin combining a specific case. Methods: A female patient developed hematuria after half a year of combination of imatinib with warfarin. The pharmacist analyzed the causes of adverse reactions and proposed the treatment methods. Results: Hematuria was probably caused by the interaction between imatinib and warfarin, which resulted in the increase of their blood concentrations and drug efficacy of imatinib and warfarin. The pharmacist suggested that the warfarin dose should be reduced to 1.5 mg qd immediately, and the international normalized ratio (INR) decreased to 1.85 after 5 days. Conclusion: INR should be carefully monitored every week when the combination of Warfarin with TKIs, and it is suggested that the dose of warfarin should be adjusted in time. For the drugs with interaction risk, the monitoring of imatinib plasma concentration should run through the whole course of treatment.
KEy wORDS imatinib; warfarin; interaction; international standardized ratio; bleeding
近幾十年來,多項單獨阻斷表皮生長因子受體(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)、細(xì)胞間質(zhì)上皮轉(zhuǎn)換因子(cellular-mesenchymal epithelial transition factor,c-MET)等信號通路的單靶點分子靶向藥物臨床試驗以失敗告終,但多靶點小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制劑(tyrosine kinase inhibitors,TKIs)卻成為非常有前途的抗癌藥物。隨之而來,不容忽視的是TKIs與其他藥物合用的潛在相互作用風(fēng)險。伴隨公眾對藥物安全使用的重視和醫(yī)生對藥師的信任,我們每年藥品咨詢窗口服務(wù)的患者數(shù)量呈倍數(shù)增長,這其中就不乏跨學(xué)科的藥物指導(dǎo)。本文就我們遇到的案例進(jìn)行文獻(xiàn)回顧,旨在解決醫(yī)生和患者的疑問。
患者,女,69歲。2021年1月14日至我院冠心病門診隨訪,主訴“近期出現(xiàn)血尿”。該患者2014年6月于我院心內(nèi)科診斷為“心房顫動”,規(guī)律服用華法林1.875 mg qd,國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化比值(international normalized ratio,INR)控制在1.5~2.0。2020年4月體檢CT顯示胃底大彎側(cè)間質(zhì)瘤,胃鏡顯示胃底黏膜下腫瘤,考慮胃腸道間質(zhì)瘤。2020-05-29入院后行腹腔鏡胃部分切除術(shù),術(shù)前停用華法林,術(shù)后繼續(xù)口服華法林1.875 mg qd。2020-06-17日病理提示胃腸道間質(zhì)瘤(5 cm×3 cm),梭形細(xì)胞型,核分裂象7個/50 HPF,符合低惡性胃腸道間質(zhì)瘤。免疫組化:CD117(+),CD34(+),DOG-1(+),Ki-67(8%陽性),SDHB(+)?;驒z測提示:C-kit基因第11外顯子第579位密碼子內(nèi)雜合性插入共27個堿基:CATAGACCCAACACAACTTCCTTATGA,遂予以伊馬替尼400 mg qd治療。