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指向思維品質(zhì)的中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解考點(diǎn)分析

2021-10-09 08:58周智忠
關(guān)鍵詞:閱讀理解思維品質(zhì)

周智忠

摘 ? ?要:思維品質(zhì)在初中英語(yǔ)中考閱讀理解測(cè)試中的顯性考點(diǎn),可分為細(xì)節(jié)理解、詞義理解、主旨理解、語(yǔ)篇認(rèn)知、目的意圖、態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)、預(yù)測(cè)與表達(dá)等七個(gè)類別。以此分析2021年浙江省各地市的中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題可以得出,日常的英語(yǔ)閱讀教學(xué)要做好以下兩點(diǎn):一是在豐富的文本語(yǔ)境中培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對(duì)語(yǔ)言的感知能力;二是充分挖掘文本價(jià)值進(jìn)行學(xué)科素養(yǎng)的融合發(fā)展。

關(guān)鍵詞:思維品質(zhì);閱讀理解;英語(yǔ)中考試題

一、前言

語(yǔ)言既是交流的工具,也是思維的工具。思維需要借助語(yǔ)言,而語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)又能促進(jìn)思維的發(fā)展[1]?!镀胀ǜ咧杏⒄Z(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(2017年版)》將思維品質(zhì)列為英語(yǔ)學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng)之一,明確了培養(yǎng)思維品質(zhì)在英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的重要地位,建議通過(guò)語(yǔ)言材料的選擇、考查重點(diǎn)的設(shè)置和考試形式的設(shè)計(jì)等,直接或間接地考查學(xué)生的思維品質(zhì)[2]94。

因此,思維品質(zhì)不僅是英語(yǔ)閱讀教學(xué)的主要目標(biāo),而且也成為閱讀測(cè)試的主要訴求之一。如何在閱讀理解測(cè)試中通過(guò)問(wèn)題情境的設(shè)計(jì)達(dá)成直接或間接考查學(xué)生思維品質(zhì)的目標(biāo)要求,成為閱讀理解命題和技術(shù)研究的重要內(nèi)容。本研究通過(guò)分析2021年浙江省各地市的中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題,試圖構(gòu)建思維品質(zhì)在閱讀理解測(cè)試中的顯性考點(diǎn),并反撥初中英語(yǔ)閱讀教學(xué)。

二、思維品質(zhì)在閱讀測(cè)試中的顯性考點(diǎn)界定

思維品質(zhì)是指思維在邏輯性、批判性、創(chuàng)新性等方面所表現(xiàn)的能力和水平。在教學(xué)中,教師應(yīng)通過(guò)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生開(kāi)展“觀察與比較、分析與推斷、歸納與建構(gòu)、批判與創(chuàng)新”等學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng),幫助他們發(fā)展思維品質(zhì)。這也表明思維品質(zhì)是隱性的,其內(nèi)隱和貫穿于其他三個(gè)核心素養(yǎng),具有從低階到高階循環(huán)提升的特點(diǎn),同時(shí)可以通過(guò)一些外顯的教學(xué)活動(dòng)進(jìn)行培養(yǎng)和發(fā)展。那么,在紙筆形式的閱讀理解測(cè)試中,思維品質(zhì)考查的顯性考點(diǎn)應(yīng)該指向哪里?

《普通高中英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(2017年版)》明確指出,命題時(shí)要從理解的對(duì)象和理解的層次設(shè)置試題的考查點(diǎn)[2]99。理解的對(duì)象包括語(yǔ)篇直接或間接提供的信息、事實(shí)、觀點(diǎn)、情感和態(tài)度等。理解的層次包括識(shí)別、區(qū)分、歸納、分析、闡釋和評(píng)價(jià)等。鑒于“理解層次”無(wú)法進(jìn)行量化評(píng)價(jià),本研究中我們主要采用“理解對(duì)象”這一概念對(duì)中考試卷中的思維品質(zhì)顯性考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析說(shuō)明。結(jié)合《義務(wù)教育英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(2011年版)》中閱讀教學(xué)五級(jí)目標(biāo)[3],我們將思維品質(zhì)顯性考點(diǎn)分成七個(gè)類別,并試圖按思維品質(zhì)的三個(gè)特性和八類圍繞思維品質(zhì)培養(yǎng)的學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng),構(gòu)建思維品質(zhì)從水平特點(diǎn)、理解活動(dòng)到顯性考點(diǎn)的關(guān)系(如表1),便于一線教師進(jìn)行閱讀測(cè)試研究和教學(xué)實(shí)施。

三、思維品質(zhì)在中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解測(cè)試中的考點(diǎn)分析

本研究涵蓋2021年浙江省11個(gè)地市中考英語(yǔ)試卷共10份(嘉興與舟山同卷),試卷中的閱讀理解題絕大多數(shù)為選擇題。在題量上,除一份試卷為13題之外,其他試卷均有15題,10份試卷共148題。其中,考查細(xì)節(jié)理解的有67題,考查詞義理解的有14題,考查主旨理解的有20題,考查語(yǔ)篇認(rèn)知的有17題,考查目的意圖的有6題,考查態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)的有20題,考查預(yù)測(cè)與表達(dá)的有4題。總體上來(lái)看,將近一半試題為細(xì)節(jié)理解題,符合許多地市“兩考合一”的現(xiàn)實(shí)需要。同時(shí),主旨理解、語(yǔ)篇認(rèn)知、態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)等體現(xiàn)高階思維的題目也占有很大比重,對(duì)初中英語(yǔ)閱讀教學(xué)起著很好的導(dǎo)向作用。

(一)指向思維邏輯性的考點(diǎn)分析

學(xué)生思維品質(zhì)的高低主要反映在思維的邏輯性、批判性和創(chuàng)造性的水平上。邏輯性是思維品質(zhì)的基礎(chǔ)形態(tài),是其他兩種屬性得以養(yǎng)成的支架。在課堂教學(xué)中對(duì)學(xué)生思維的培養(yǎng)不應(yīng)直接指向批判性思維或創(chuàng)造性思維,教師首先應(yīng)考慮培養(yǎng)學(xué)生基于生活常識(shí)的邏輯思維[4]。同樣,在中考閱讀理解測(cè)試中,邏輯性思維考查亦是重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容,主要的顯性考點(diǎn)包括細(xì)節(jié)理解、詞義理解、主旨理解以及語(yǔ)篇知識(shí)等。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解

理解細(xì)節(jié)需要學(xué)生觀察、比較、分析語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)文本信息的整體解析。這既是學(xué)生需要掌握的最基本的閱讀技能,又是閱讀理解測(cè)試中最重要的考點(diǎn)之一,屬于低階的邏輯思維。分析發(fā)現(xiàn),67個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題大多只需要進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的信息轉(zhuǎn)換,但部分題目也需要進(jìn)行信息綜合和邏輯推理,如杭州卷第18題:

18.Why did Ryan want to put up a sign?

A. To welcome people. B. To feed sea animals.

C. To use the rubbish again. D. To stop sea pollution.

【原文節(jié)選】

... Then Derek and I put it back in the water. “I know! We should make a sign about not throwing rubbish into the sea, and put it in the sand on the beach,” I said. “I’ll help, too,” said Derek. “Great idea, boys. If we don’t all do something to stop sea pollution, these sea animals will die.”

評(píng)析:原文中,Ryan首先說(shuō)明他要做一塊不要往海里扔垃圾的牌子,然后說(shuō)如果不阻止海洋污染,海洋動(dòng)物就會(huì)死亡。學(xué)生只有綜合Ryan說(shuō)的兩句話并理解兩者之間的邏輯關(guān)系,才能得出正確答案D。

2.詞義理解

詞義理解需要學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文邏輯關(guān)系和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)等方法推斷出相關(guān)詞義的含義,考點(diǎn)通常包括理解生詞、指代用法等。詞義理解也是閱讀理解測(cè)試中指向邏輯思維的常見(jiàn)題型,今年10份卷子中共有14個(gè)詞義理解題,其中理解生詞和指代用法各7個(gè)。特別要指出的是,代詞作為一種重要的連綴手段,其指代用法考查正變得越來(lái)越重要,如湖州卷第34題:

34.What does the underlined word “they” in the passage refer to?

A. Archeologists. ? ? ? B. Artists.

C. Researchers. ? ? ? ? ?D. Soldiers.

【原文節(jié)選】

... Chinese and German researchers have developed a chemical liquid(液體) to help save the soldiers’ colors. After finding a soldier or another art piece, archeologists put the liquid on it. They then cover it in plastic.

評(píng)析:上文提到,當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)士兵或一件藝術(shù)品之后,考古學(xué)家就會(huì)把液體放到它們上面。然后,他們用塑料覆蓋它們。根據(jù)話語(yǔ)邏輯,可以推斷they指的就是archeologists。故正確選項(xiàng)為A。

3.主旨理解

主旨理解需要學(xué)生觀察、比較、分析所含信息,然后抽象出核心信息,歸納中心大意。它需要較強(qiáng)的邏輯思維。10份試卷中均含有主旨理解題,有個(gè)別試卷多達(dá)3題。其中,標(biāo)題類的有9題,全文大意類的有4題,段落大意類的有7題。相比較而言,標(biāo)題類主旨理解題在信息綜合、分析、歸納和概括的能力要求上會(huì)更高。如紹興卷第37題:

37.What’s the best title for the passage?

A. A film about a dancer B. A family in London

C. A place for film-making D. A life on film

【原文】

It’s been 100 years since the actor and filmmaker Charlie Chaplin produced the film The Kid, which many consider to be his greatest one.

Like all films at the time, The Kid was made in black and white and was silent (made without any sound, not even the characters talking). The story is about the relationship between “the Tramp”, played by Chaplin, and his adopted (領(lǐng)養(yǎng)的) child, played by Jackie Coogan. The pair develop a partnership where the six-year-old boy breaks windows and runs away, so that Chaplin’s character can offer his services as a window fixer.

Although the film is a comedy, it also has some tragedy, reflecting Chaplin’s own life. He started testing actors for the role of the Kid just a few days after his baby son had died. Chaplin was known for being hard to please, and it is said that if he could, he would have played every role in every one of his films. When Chaplin visited a theatre, a dancer brought his son, Jackie Coogan, on stage, and Chaplin knew he had his co-star (聯(lián)袂主演者). Chaplin later wrote, “All children in some form have talents; the trick is to bring it out in them. With Jackie it was easy.”

Like the Kid in the film, Chaplin and his brother Sydney grew up very poor. They lived in London and were raised by their mother. When Chaplin was 10 years old, his mum became too ill to look after her sons, so they had to take care of themselves. He later wrote that the film sets in The Kid were based (基于) on the places where he and Sydney had lived with their mother as children. “Perhaps that’s why the film had some truth,” he said.

評(píng)析:主旨理解通常需要學(xué)生注意區(qū)分主旨和用于支撐主旨的細(xì)節(jié)和事實(shí)之間的區(qū)別。此題中A、B和C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)只是文中出現(xiàn)的三個(gè)細(xì)節(jié),只有選項(xiàng)D涵蓋了文中關(guān)鍵信息:電影和卓別林的人生。故正確選型為D。

4.語(yǔ)篇知識(shí)

語(yǔ)篇知識(shí)是關(guān)于語(yǔ)篇是如何構(gòu)成、語(yǔ)篇是如何表達(dá)意義以及人們?cè)诮涣鬟^(guò)程中如何使用語(yǔ)篇的知識(shí)。把握不同語(yǔ)篇的特定結(jié)構(gòu)、文體特征和表達(dá)方式,不僅有助于學(xué)生加深對(duì)語(yǔ)篇意義的理解,還有助于它們使用不同的語(yǔ)篇進(jìn)行有效的表達(dá)和交流。語(yǔ)篇知識(shí)考查是一個(gè)比較寬泛的考點(diǎn),10份試卷中考查文章讀者的有3題,考查文章結(jié)構(gòu)的有3題,考查句子之間邏輯關(guān)系的有4題,考查文體特征的有5題,考查修辭的有2題。如衢州卷第37題:

【原文節(jié)選】

Do video games do harm to our children? Today, many children spend a lot of their free time playing games on the Internet. In the UK, 99% of kids aged 8 to 15 play video games every week. This information tells us that the benefits and dangers of video games must be carefully considered.

For many people, video games are fun. They have bright lights, funny cartoons and exciting stories. Everywhere you look, you can see ...

Video games are educational too. They make kids think in a creative way and they have to move their hands and eyes quickly. This can improve ...

However, a recent study suggests that video games can also be bad for children. First, children can download many games for free. This means that parents often don’t know if their children are playing violent or scary games. Second, ...

In conclusion, it seems clear that video games have some advantages and some disadvantages. It is up to parents to know what games their children are playing and how much time they spend on them. Parents should ...

評(píng)析:該語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,整體結(jié)構(gòu)為總—分—總。第1段點(diǎn)明主題:我們必須認(rèn)真思考電子游戲的利弊,接下去三段具體分析了電子游戲的利(第2、3段)和弊(第4段),第5段以“In conclusion”開(kāi)頭,對(duì)整個(gè)語(yǔ)篇進(jìn)行了總結(jié)。故正確答案為B。

再如臺(tái)州卷第38題:

38.The writer develops the first sentence in Paragraph 2 mainly by ________.

A. telling stories

B. comparing facts

C. giving examples

D. listing numbers

【原文節(jié)選】

Each day has a topic, which includes food and fashion, looking at how humans harm the environment and how to save the planet. Organizations are leading some online activities. For example, the Marine Conservation Society is hosting meetings on protecting sea fish. Separately, the environmental organization Greenpeace is running a workshop on how to turn worn-out clothing into something new and wearable.

評(píng)析:該題考查語(yǔ)篇的行文手法。which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)前文中的topic做了界定和具體說(shuō)明,因此很容易得出正確答案為C。

(二)指向思維批判性的考點(diǎn)分析

批判性思維強(qiáng)調(diào)獨(dú)立地思考、分析和判斷,可以通過(guò)設(shè)置推理性、詮釋性、評(píng)判性等問(wèn)題來(lái)進(jìn)行考查[5]。在閱讀理解測(cè)試中,要求學(xué)生理解作者的寫(xiě)作目的、意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度是考查批判性思維能力的主要途徑。統(tǒng)計(jì)發(fā)現(xiàn),10份試卷中考查寫(xiě)作目的和意圖的有5題,考查態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)的有15題。

1.目的和意圖

任何語(yǔ)篇都有潛在的寫(xiě)作目的和意圖。因此,命題時(shí)我們需要思考語(yǔ)篇素材是在什么問(wèn)題情境下產(chǎn)生的,生產(chǎn)該語(yǔ)篇素材是為了解決什么問(wèn)題[6]??疾閷?xiě)作目的和意圖通??梢詮娜?、段落甚至個(gè)別語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象的視角命制題目,如嘉興卷第27題:

27.Kelly and Maria are mentioned as an example in this passage to ________.

A. discuss two different study habits

B. compare the differences in their hobbies

C. show the importance of a good study habit

D. express the writer's worry about their friendship

【原文節(jié)選】

You may study differently from your friends, but your study habits are not wrong!

Kelly and Maria are best friends with a lot in common. They love doing things together,such as going to movies and concerts,shopping,or just sitting at a small café. Since they take a lot of the same school subjects, they would love to study together, but they find this impossible. Their working styles are so completely different that they can’t be in the same room while they are studying!

評(píng)析:該題從微觀的角度考查了作者的寫(xiě)作意圖。從文章第一段可以看出文章的主題是study habits,而后兩個(gè)人物的例子是為了說(shuō)明和展開(kāi)文章主題,故正確答案為A。

2.態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)

在閱讀中,正確理解作者的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度無(wú)疑是重要的,它有助于加深學(xué)生對(duì)主題意義的理解。這類試題的答案一般無(wú)法在原文中直接找到,需要根據(jù)已知內(nèi)容進(jìn)行合理的邏輯推理,從而推測(cè)出作者并未說(shuō)明卻已在字里行間所暗示的某些觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度和看法[7]。如紹興卷第44題:

44.The writer implies (暗示) in the passage that _____.

A. the race to get tourists into space is becoming hot

B. there will be only four ways for visitors to reach space

C. the Stratollite is popular with space passengers

D. Richard, Jeff and Elon are all short of money

【原文節(jié)選】

Now Neptune faces competition from the Stratollite, a balloon being developed by a company called World View Enterprises, while the super-rich Richard Branson, Jeff Bezos and Elon Musk are all pouring money into developing business space flying machines. The advantage of the balloon is that it will be cheaper than a space plane or rocket.

評(píng)析:該題考查作者對(duì)未來(lái)太空旅游業(yè)的看法,雖然沒(méi)有明確說(shuō)明,但從文中我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多公司都在該領(lǐng)域投入了大量的資金,說(shuō)明競(jìng)爭(zhēng)很激烈,故答案為A。

(三)指向思維創(chuàng)造性的考點(diǎn)分析

創(chuàng)新是理解和批判作為腳手架的成果的體現(xiàn),也是對(duì)理解和批判環(huán)節(jié)的應(yīng)用和遷移。學(xué)生在形成自我認(rèn)知后,需要借助詞語(yǔ)和句式來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)思想、情感的創(chuàng)造性表達(dá)[8]。閱讀理解測(cè)試可以通過(guò)預(yù)測(cè)故事的結(jié)局或發(fā)展線索以及讀后表述的方式來(lái)考查創(chuàng)造性思維。10份試卷中總共有4個(gè)指向思維創(chuàng)造性的題目,如金華卷第45題:

45.What would Miranda probably do after breakfast?

A. She would go to see the doctor.

B. She would go to bed and have a rest.

C. She would join her team members.

D. She would join her mother in the kitchen.

【原文節(jié)選】

... She shook her head to clear her thoughts and got ready to join her mother. As she walked into the kitchen, her mother gave her a big smile. Immediately, Miranda felt comforted. If nothing else, she at least knew one thing was certain. She was not alone in this and that would make all the difference, no matter what the day would bring.

評(píng)析:該文本講述了作者早上因?yàn)橥忍鄱鴵?dān)心是否還能參加每天的晨跑活動(dòng),后來(lái)因?yàn)橐?jiàn)到媽媽臉上燦爛的微笑,心情平靜了下來(lái),并且覺(jué)得“那點(diǎn)疼”并不會(huì)有多大影響,因此可以推斷作者會(huì)繼續(xù)參加晨跑活動(dòng)。故正確答案為C。

再如溫州卷第40題:

40.What makes the writer’s newspapers survive and grow?

評(píng)析:該題沒(méi)有唯一答案,具有較大的開(kāi)放性。它要求考生在閱讀文本之后,融合文本信息、寓意和自身已有的知識(shí)、經(jīng)驗(yàn),在分析、推理、概括的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造性表達(dá),考查學(xué)生的高階思維。

四、教學(xué)建議

閱讀課堂教學(xué)之所以與中考存在落差,最根本的一點(diǎn)就是教師只憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)教學(xué),而沒(méi)有思考和學(xué)習(xí)的意識(shí)[9]。隨著評(píng)價(jià)改革的深入,目前的中考閱讀理解測(cè)試無(wú)論在材料選擇、考點(diǎn)設(shè)置、題目類型等方面都發(fā)生了積極的變化,特別是在思維品質(zhì)的考查方面,高階思維正逐漸成為考查的熱點(diǎn)。鑒于此,筆者建議在日常教學(xué)中做好以下兩點(diǎn):

(一)在豐富的文本語(yǔ)境中培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對(duì)語(yǔ)言的感知能力

教師要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行大量的課外閱讀,接觸、感知、體驗(yàn)原汁原味的語(yǔ)言,進(jìn)而通過(guò)大量的語(yǔ)言輸入促進(jìn)語(yǔ)言的輸出。建議教師在單元閱讀教學(xué)中結(jié)合單元話題補(bǔ)充必要的文本材料,有目的地培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的體裁理解能力。內(nèi)容上要選用真實(shí)、地道的語(yǔ)言材料,所選材料既要有廣告、海報(bào)、信息表、天氣預(yù)報(bào)等應(yīng)用文,又要考慮詩(shī)歌、小說(shuō)、劇本、新聞等多種文種,讓學(xué)生讀懂相應(yīng)水平的常見(jiàn)體裁的讀物,在各類真實(shí)、有效的閱讀材料中逐漸培養(yǎng)和提升閱讀能力。教師還要有意識(shí)地引導(dǎo)學(xué)生關(guān)注文本特征,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生辨別不同文體的獨(dú)有特點(diǎn),體會(huì)和感悟同類文體的共同點(diǎn)。另外,教師應(yīng)根據(jù)不同文本和不同的閱讀目的指導(dǎo)學(xué)生運(yùn)用不同的閱讀策略,如略讀、掃讀、預(yù)測(cè)等,以提高閱讀效率。

(二)充分挖掘文本價(jià)值進(jìn)行學(xué)科素養(yǎng)的融合發(fā)展

閱讀不僅要理解文字的表層含義,更要理解深層次的含義以及作者表達(dá)的思想和情感。所以,教師應(yīng)做到:充分解讀文本,全面挖掘閱讀文本的價(jià)值,在閱讀中引導(dǎo)學(xué)生辨析語(yǔ)言和文化中的各種現(xiàn)象;分類、概括信息,建構(gòu)新概念;分析信息的邏輯關(guān)系,推斷文本的隱含意義;分析篇章的結(jié)構(gòu),揣測(cè)作者的寫(xiě)作意圖;識(shí)別文本的表意手段,正確評(píng)價(jià)各種觀點(diǎn),理性表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)等。深度挖掘并充分解析閱讀文本,不僅能激發(fā)學(xué)生在語(yǔ)境中理解語(yǔ)言的能力,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行多元思維的能力,也能培養(yǎng)學(xué)生在閱讀文本中學(xué)習(xí)寫(xiě)作手法的意識(shí),為寫(xiě)作環(huán)節(jié)做好鋪墊,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)在閱讀教學(xué)中滲透英語(yǔ)學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng)的融合發(fā)展。

參考文獻(xiàn):

[1]程曉堂.在英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中發(fā)展學(xué)生的思維品質(zhì)[J].中小學(xué)外語(yǔ)教學(xué)(中學(xué)篇),2018(3):1-7.

[2]中華人民共和國(guó)教育部.普通高中英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(2017年版)[S].北京:人民教育出版社,2018.

[3]中華人民共和國(guó)教育部.義務(wù)教育英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(2011年版)[S].北京:北京師范大學(xué)出版社,2012:17.

[4]張金秀.英語(yǔ)學(xué)科思維品質(zhì)培養(yǎng)面臨的困境與對(duì)策[J].中小學(xué)外語(yǔ)教學(xué)(中學(xué)篇),2016(7):6-11.

[5]喬輝.高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解考查核心素養(yǎng)探析[J].中小學(xué)外語(yǔ)教學(xué)(中學(xué)篇),2021(4):27-32.

[6]程曉堂.基于問(wèn)題情境的英語(yǔ)考試命題理念與技術(shù)[J].中國(guó)考試,2018(12):1-8.

[7]王穎婷.基于核心素養(yǎng)的初中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解試題的設(shè)計(jì)[J].中小學(xué)外語(yǔ)教學(xué)(中學(xué)篇),2020(12):56-61.

[8]張宏祥.理解·批判·創(chuàng)新:高中英語(yǔ)思維型閱讀的新審視[J].中學(xué)外語(yǔ)教與學(xué),2021(5):53-55.

[9]周偉.中考閱讀深層考查視角與閱讀教學(xué)落差分析及對(duì)策[J].中小學(xué)外語(yǔ)教學(xué)(中學(xué)篇),2017(12):45-50.

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