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局部進(jìn)展期腎癌術(shù)前CRP/Alb比值對預(yù)后的價值

2020-07-04 02:56張大為張桂銘劉勇

張大為 張桂銘 劉勇

[摘要]目的 探討術(shù)前C-反應(yīng)蛋白/清蛋白(CRP/Alb)的比值在預(yù)測局部進(jìn)展期腎癌病人預(yù)后中的作用。方法 回顧性分析78例局部進(jìn)展期腎癌病人的臨床資料,所有病人病理類型均為透明細(xì)胞癌,根據(jù)受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線計(jì)算CRP/Alb最佳臨界值,按最佳臨界值將病人分為CRP/Alb高比值組和CRP/Alb低比值組,比較兩組間臨床病理特征的差異,并采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析、單變量和多變量Cox比例風(fēng)險模型分析CRP/Alb比值預(yù)測腎癌病人預(yù)后的價值。結(jié)果 CRP/Alb比值與病人Fuhrman分級及T分期相關(guān)(χ2=6.159、11.496,P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析顯示,CRP/Alb高比值組總生存時間明顯低于CRP/Alb低比值組(t=4.242,P<0.05)。單因素分析顯示,腫瘤的T分期(P=0.003)、CRP/Alb比值(P=0.047)與預(yù)后相關(guān);多因素回歸分析顯示,T分期(P=0.002)、CRP/Alb比值(P=0.026)與腎癌的總生存率相關(guān),是獨(dú)立的預(yù)后因素。結(jié)論 CRP/Alb比值升高是局部進(jìn)展期腎癌病人總生存率的獨(dú)立預(yù)后指標(biāo),可作為判斷預(yù)后和術(shù)后輔助治療的依據(jù)。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 腎腫瘤;疾病惡化;C反應(yīng)蛋白質(zhì);白蛋白類;預(yù)后

[中圖分類號] R737.11[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼] A[文章編號] 2096-5532(2020)04-0413-04

doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2020.56.082

[網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版] http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/37.1517.R.20200417.0910.004.html;2020-04-17 17:14

VALUE OF PREOPERATIVE C-REACTIVE PROTEIN/ALBUMIN RATIO IN PREDICTING THE PROGNOSIS OF PATIENTS WITH LOCALLY ADVANCED RENAL CARCINOMA

ZHANG Dawei, ZHANG Guiming, LIU Yong

(Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China)

[ABSTRACT]Objective To investigate the value of preoperative C-reactive protein/albumin (CRP/Alb) ratio in predicting the prognosis of patients with locally advanced renal carcinoma.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 78 patients with local advanced renal carcinoma, and all patients had a pathological type of clear cell carcinoma. According to the optimal cut-off value of CRP/Alb ratio calculated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the patients were divided into high CRP/Alb group and low CRP/Alb group, and clinicopathological features were compared between the two groups. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analyses were performed to investigate the value of CRP/Alb ratio in predicting the prognosis of patients with renal carcinoma. Results CRP/Alb ratio was correlated with Fuhrman grade and T stage (χ2=6.159,11.496;P<0.05). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the high CRP/Alb group had a significantly shorter overall survival time than the low CRP/Alb group (t=4.242,P<0.05). The univariate analysis showed that tumor T stage (P=0.003) and CRP/Alb ratio (P=0.047) were associated with prognosis, and the multiva-riate regression analysis showed that T stage (P=0.002) and CRP/Alb ratio (P=0.026) were correlated with the overall survival rate of renal carcinoma and were independent prognostic factors.Conclusion Elevated CRP/Alb ratio is an independent prognostic indicator for overall survival rate in patients with locally advanced renal carcinoma and can thus be used as a basis for prognosis prediction and postoperative adjuvant therapy.

[KEY WORDS] kidney neoplasms; disease progression; C-reactive protein; albumins; prognosis

腎癌是泌尿系腫瘤中最常見的惡性腫瘤之一,其占全身惡性腫瘤的2%~3%[1]。由于健康查體的普及和影像學(xué)技術(shù)的廣泛應(yīng)用,尤其是腹部超聲和CT檢查,使得腎臟腫瘤的檢出增加[2]。局限性腎癌病人通常接受治療性全腎或部分腎切除術(shù),高達(dá)40%的病人腫瘤最終會在遠(yuǎn)處復(fù)發(fā)[3-4]。此外,大約1/3的腎癌病人在初診時即已出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)移。盡管采用了分子靶向治療,但腎癌病人5年總生存率很少超過10%[5-6]。即使是腫瘤分期、分級等臨床病理參數(shù)相似的局部進(jìn)展期腎細(xì)胞癌的臨床病程也難以預(yù)測[7-8]。因此,明確預(yù)后因素對指導(dǎo)手術(shù)后病人管理具有重要意義。越來越多的研究結(jié)果表明,炎癥指標(biāo)C-反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)在多種癌癥,包括腎癌中

均有預(yù)后評估的作用[9-10]。也有研究表明,術(shù)前營養(yǎng)狀況如低清蛋白(Alb)血癥與腎癌根治性或部分切除術(shù)后預(yù)后較差有關(guān)[11-12];術(shù)前CRP/Alb比值為肝癌、胃癌和小細(xì)胞肺癌的獨(dú)立預(yù)后標(biāo)志物[13-15]。目前,CRP/Alb比值在腎癌中的作用研究較少[16],尤其在局部進(jìn)展期腎癌預(yù)后中的作用未有報道。本文探討CRP/Alb比值在局部進(jìn)展期腎癌病人中的預(yù)后價值,為其術(shù)前治療提供理論依據(jù)。

1 對象與方法

1.1 一般資料

收集2008—2017年我院收治、行腎癌根治性切除術(shù)的局部進(jìn)展期腎癌病人的臨床資料,并進(jìn)行回顧性研究。病人入選標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①經(jīng)細(xì)胞學(xué)或組織學(xué)診斷為腎透明細(xì)胞癌;②有全血實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測數(shù)據(jù),包括根治性切除術(shù)前1周內(nèi)血清CRP和Alb;③術(shù)前影像學(xué)或術(shù)后病理學(xué)檢查證實(shí)為局部進(jìn)展期腎癌,2010年AJCC臨床分期為Ⅲ期,其中包括T1N1M0、T2N1M0、T3N0M0、T3N1M0。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①手術(shù)切除前沒有血液標(biāo)本實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測結(jié)果的病人;②活動性炎癥病人和其他惡性腫瘤病人。最終納入符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)病人78例,均有臨床和病理資料,包括手術(shù)時年齡、性別、體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(BMI)、高血壓、糖尿病、吸煙、T分期、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移以及Fuhrman 分級等。所有血標(biāo)本均在首次治療前1周內(nèi)采集。

1.2 病人隨訪

手術(shù)后2年內(nèi)每3個月、2~5年每6個月、5年后每1年進(jìn)行1次CT檢查。最后1次隨訪日期為2018年11月1日??偵媛剩∣S)從手術(shù)日期到死亡日期或最后1次隨訪計(jì)算。

1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析

應(yīng)用SPSS 21.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理。采用χ2檢驗(yàn)比較不同CRP/Alb比值組的臨床病理特征之間的差異。通過受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線,結(jié)合靈敏度和特異度的結(jié)果,將曲線上Youden指數(shù)最大的切點(diǎn)作為確定炎癥因子水平的最佳分界點(diǎn),計(jì)算曲線下面積(AUC)。采用Kaplan-Meier法進(jìn)行生存分析和曲線繪制,使用對數(shù)秩檢驗(yàn)比較不同CRP/Alb比值組的差異。應(yīng)用Cox比例風(fēng)險模型分析單變量分析中具有顯著意義的變量,變量與其他變量顯著相關(guān),則將其排除在最終的多變量分析之外,多變量分析計(jì)算95%置信區(qū)間(95%CI)的危險比(HR)。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 CRP/Alb比值與臨床病理特征的相關(guān)性

根據(jù)ROC曲線計(jì)算得出CRP/Alb比值的最佳臨界值為0.080(圖1)。按最佳臨界值將病人分為高比值組(CRP/Alb比值≥0.080)與低比值組(CRP/Alb比值<0.080),兩組比較,F(xiàn)uhrman分級、T分期差異有顯著性(χ2=6.159、11.496,P<0.05),年齡、性別、BMI、高血壓、糖尿病、吸煙、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移等差異無顯著性(P>0.05)。見表1。

2.2 腎癌病人預(yù)后影響因素單因素和多因素分析

單因素分析顯示,腫瘤的T分期(P=0.003)、CRP/Alb比值(P=0.047)與預(yù)后相關(guān);多因素分析結(jié)果顯示,CRP/Alb比值(P=0.026)、T分期(P=0.002)與局部進(jìn)展期腎癌的OS相關(guān),是局部進(jìn)展期腎癌病人的獨(dú)立預(yù)后因素。見表2、3。

2.3 不同CRP/Alb比值組總生存期比較

Kaplan-Meier生存分析顯示,CRP/Alb高比值組總生存期為(65.020±4.021)月,明顯低于CRP/Alb低比值組的(74.683±3.532)月,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=4.242,P<0.05)。見圖2。

3 討論

已有研究表明,全身免疫應(yīng)答機(jī)制在腫瘤侵犯和進(jìn)展中發(fā)揮了重要的作用[17]。在相關(guān)的炎癥反應(yīng)預(yù)后指標(biāo)中,CRP在多種癌癥包括腎癌中均已被證實(shí)是有效的系統(tǒng)性炎癥評分指標(biāo)[18]。還有研究表明,CRP是多種原發(fā)性惡性腫瘤炎癥相關(guān)的預(yù)后指標(biāo)[19-20]。其機(jī)制可能為:①腫瘤生長引起的周圍組織炎癥可能導(dǎo)致CRP水平升高[21];②CRP可能是機(jī)體免疫系統(tǒng)對腫瘤抗原反應(yīng)的一種指示性標(biāo)志物[22];③腫瘤伴隨著炎癥性細(xì)胞因子的釋放和炎癥微環(huán)境的形成,炎癥細(xì)胞又促進(jìn)了腫瘤的發(fā)展[23]。有研究指出,在惡性腫瘤病人體內(nèi)血清CRP水平均有不同程度的增高,局部進(jìn)展期腎癌病人血清CRP水平明顯高于正常人群,CRP水平升高與腫瘤病人的預(yù)后較差有關(guān),與腫瘤進(jìn)展存在相關(guān)性[13,24]。低Alb水平是一種機(jī)體營養(yǎng)狀態(tài)不良的表現(xiàn),有研究表明Alb水平與不同腫瘤(如肺癌、胃癌和結(jié)腸癌)病人的預(yù)后相關(guān),可導(dǎo)致腫瘤病人生存期縮短和腫瘤進(jìn)展[24],故CRP/Alb比值可以預(yù)測腫瘤病人的生存期[13]。本文研究結(jié)果也表明,CRP/Alb比值升高與局部進(jìn)展期腎癌病人OS較低有關(guān),是一種潛在的腫瘤反應(yīng)和預(yù)后的標(biāo)志物。

本研究單因素分析結(jié)果顯示,局部進(jìn)展期腎癌病人CRP/Alb比值越高,預(yù)后越差;多因素分析表明,CRP/Alb比值是局部進(jìn)展期腎癌病人的獨(dú)立預(yù)后因素,可以獨(dú)立預(yù)測局部進(jìn)展期腎癌病人的術(shù)后生存;CRP/Alb高比值組的OS明顯低于CRP/Alb低比值組,差異有顯著性。提示CRP/Alb比值與局部進(jìn)展期腎癌病人的生存期有關(guān),高CRP/Alb比值建立在血清高CRP和低Alb水平的基礎(chǔ)上。以上結(jié)果表明,CRP/Alb比值作為系統(tǒng)性炎癥評分指標(biāo),在預(yù)測局部進(jìn)展期腎癌病人預(yù)后方面有明顯作用。在后續(xù)研究中需擴(kuò)大樣本量繼續(xù)深入分析。

本文研究結(jié)果提示術(shù)前抗炎治療以及補(bǔ)充營養(yǎng)可能會使病人受益。首先,根據(jù)術(shù)前CRP/Alb比值可以選擇高危病人進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的管理和治療;其次,本文結(jié)果可以用于未來臨床試驗(yàn)中更有可能對生物標(biāo)志物富集策略做出反應(yīng)的病人進(jìn)行分層;第三,術(shù)前使用CRP/Alb比值評估可能為確定哪些病人更有可能從治療中獲益提供有效信息。

綜上所述,CRP/Alb比值與局部進(jìn)展期腎癌病人的生存期有關(guān),是局部進(jìn)展期腎癌病人的獨(dú)立預(yù)后因素,高CRP/Alb比值預(yù)示著預(yù)后較差。局部進(jìn)展期腎癌病人術(shù)前降低CRP/Alb比值可能延長術(shù)后生存時間。本文存在以下局限性:本研究為單中心回顧性研究,評估的病人數(shù)量較少,CRP/Alb比值的預(yù)測價值還需要進(jìn)行多中心、大樣本量前瞻性研究來進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證。此外,本文研究還包括了選擇偏差和不可測量的混雜因素。

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(本文編輯 黃建鄉(xiāng))