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中醫(yī)綜合干預(yù)治療不寐病的臨床研究

2020-01-25 16:19:30沈鐵徐奇王肖龍
上海醫(yī)藥 2020年24期
關(guān)鍵詞:綜合干預(yù)中醫(yī)

沈鐵 徐奇 王肖龍

摘 要 目的:探討中醫(yī)綜合干預(yù)治療不寐病的臨床療效。方法:選取2019年1月—2019年12月上海市浦東新區(qū)航頭鶴沙社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心收治的不寐病患者120例,隨機(jī)分成治療組和對(duì)照組各60例。治療組采用口服中藥湯藥或耳穴、艾灸、體針等中醫(yī)綜合干預(yù)治療;對(duì)照組口服艾司唑侖片,1粒/次,1次/d;兩組均每日1次,連續(xù)治療4周。采用失眠癥臨床觀察調(diào)查(SPIEGEL)量表、中醫(yī)證候評(píng)分量表、匹茲堡睡眠質(zhì)量指數(shù)(PSQI)量表進(jìn)行評(píng)分,觀察治療有效率。結(jié)果:治療組SPIEGEL量表總有效率為91.43%,高于對(duì)照組的54.29%(P<0.01)。治療組PSQI量表總有效率為71.67%,優(yōu)于對(duì)照組的31.67%(P<0.05)。兩組治療后中醫(yī)證候評(píng)分、睡眠質(zhì)量、入睡時(shí)間、睡眠時(shí)間、睡眠效率、睡眠障礙及日間功能評(píng)分比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均<0.05),且治療組在改善睡眠質(zhì)量、睡眠障礙及日間功能上療效更好。結(jié)論:中醫(yī)綜合干預(yù)治療不寐病能有效降低SPIEGEL、PSQI評(píng)分及中醫(yī)證候積分,效果顯著。

關(guān)鍵詞 不寐病;中醫(yī);綜合干預(yù)

中圖分類號(hào):R256.23 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號(hào):1006-1533(2020)24-0033-04

*基金資助:上海市浦東新區(qū)“國(guó)家中醫(yī)藥發(fā)展綜合改革試驗(yàn)區(qū)”建設(shè)項(xiàng)目-不寐病中醫(yī)臨床特色優(yōu)勢(shì)品牌培育項(xiàng)目(PDZY-2018-0219)

Clinical research of comprehensive intervention of traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of insomnia

SHEN Tie1, XU Qi2, WANG Xiaolong3(1. Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Hangtouhesha Community Health Service Center of Pudong New District, Shanghai 201317, China; 2. Hangtouhesha Community Health Service Center of Pudong New District, Shanghai 201317, China; 3. Internal MedicineCardiovascular Department of Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China)

ABSTRACT Objective: To explore the clinical effect of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) comprehensive intervention in the treatment of insomnia. Methods: From January to December 2019, 120 patients with insomnia were enrolled in the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hangtouhesha Community Health Service Center in Pudong New District of Shanghai, and randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group with 60 cases in each group. The treatment group was treated with oral Chinese medicine decoction or auricular point, moxibustion, body acupuncture and other comprehensive intervention treatment; and the control group was treated with estazolam tablets, 1 tablet / time, once a day; the two groups were treated once a day for 4 weeks as a course of treatment. Insomnia clinical observation questionnaire(SPIEGEL scale), TCM syndrome score scale, Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI) were used to assess and observe the treatment efficiency. Results: After 4 weeks of treatment, the total effective rate of the SPIEGEL scale in the treatment group was 91.43%, which was higher than 54.29% in the control group(P<0.01). The total effective rate of the PSQI scale in the treatment group was 71.67%, which was better than 31.67% in the control group(P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the TCM syndrome scores,sleep quality, time to fall asleep, sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance and daytime function scores between the two groups after treatment(all P<0.05), and the treatment group had better effects in improving sleep quality, sleep disturbance and daytime function. Conclusion: The comprehensive intervention of TCM in the treatment of insomnia can effectively reduce the scores of SPIEGEL, PSQI and TCM syndromes, and the effect is significant.

KEY WORDS insomnia; traditional Chinese medicine; comprehensive intervention

中醫(yī)治療不寐病有較好療效,歷代名方疊出,但仍然有相當(dāng)一部分患者的療效不佳,且隨著社會(huì)發(fā)展,物質(zhì)文化水平地提高,不寐病的發(fā)病率逐年升高,工作壓力、不良生活方式等造成越來(lái)越多的年輕人患上不寐病,發(fā)病年齡明顯年輕化。尋找在基層衛(wèi)生醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)臨床醫(yī)療中應(yīng)用簡(jiǎn)便、療效確切且易于被患者接受的不寐癥療法是當(dāng)務(wù)之急。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

選取2019年1月—2019年12月上海市浦東新區(qū)航頭鶴沙社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心中醫(yī)科不寐病專病診室招募的志愿受試者,均符合中西醫(yī)失眠癥的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[1-2],匹茲堡睡眠質(zhì)量指數(shù)(PSQI)量表[3]評(píng)分>7。按隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為治療組和對(duì)照組各60例。治療組中男28例,女32例;年齡為36~85歲,平均(63.13±10.74)歲;平均病程(7.10±3.93)月。對(duì)照組中男31例,女29例;年齡為39~76歲,平均(61.62±7.23)歲;平均病程(7.87±3.47)月。兩組性別、年齡、病程等一般資料具有可比性(P>0.05)。所有患者簽署知情同意書。排除:①孕婦或哺乳期婦女;②過(guò)敏體質(zhì)或?qū)Χ喾N藥物過(guò)敏或已知對(duì)試驗(yàn)藥物成分過(guò)敏者;③合并心腦血管、肺、肝、腎和造血系統(tǒng)等嚴(yán)重原發(fā)性疾病者;④有酒精、藥物濫用史者。

1.2 方法

治療組給予綜合干預(yù)治療,選用一種以上中醫(yī)干預(yù)手段:口服中藥湯藥或耳穴(神門、內(nèi)分泌、腦、皮質(zhì)下等)、艾灸(上至大椎穴下至腰陽(yáng)關(guān))、體針(神門、內(nèi)關(guān)、百會(huì)、四神聰、翳風(fēng)等)中醫(yī)藥治療手段。辨證選擇口服中藥湯劑。體針主穴:神門、內(nèi)關(guān)、百會(huì)、四神聰、翳風(fēng);肝火擾心者,加太沖、行間、風(fēng)池;痰熱擾心者,加太沖、豐??;胃氣失和者,加足三里、中脘、天樞;瘀血內(nèi)阻者,加肝俞、膈俞、血海;心脾兩虛者,加心俞、脾俞、三陰交;心膽氣虛者,加心俞、膽俞;心腎不交者,加太溪、心俞、腎俞。排斥體針者選用耳穴療法或者督脈灸,耳穴取穴:神門、內(nèi)分泌、腦、皮質(zhì)下,貼王不留行籽,按壓耳穴,以局部酸脹麻痛能忍受為度;肝火擾心者加肝、心;心腎不交者加心、腎;心脾兩虛者加心、脾;脾胃不和者加脾、胃;心膽氣虛者加心、膽;每日3次,雙耳交替,10次為1個(gè)療程。督脈灸取穴:背部督脈經(jīng)(上至大椎穴下至腰陽(yáng)關(guān)),患者取俯臥位,將背部顯露;每次治療以灸至感傳消失為度,每日1次,5次為1個(gè)療程。療程間休息2~5 d,共2~3個(gè)療程。艾灸時(shí)間20 min。對(duì)照組予以口服艾司唑侖片(華中藥業(yè)股份有限公司),1粒/次,1次/d,睡前服用,治療4周。0、4周行失眠癥臨床觀察調(diào)查表(SPIEGEL量表)、中醫(yī)證候評(píng)分量表、PSQI量表評(píng)價(jià)。

1.3 療效判定

(1)采用PSQI量表、SPIEGEL量表,按照尼莫地平法計(jì)算評(píng)分減少率來(lái)評(píng)定療效。PSQI總分0~18分,得分越高睡眠質(zhì)量越差。評(píng)分減少率=(治療前評(píng)分-治療后評(píng)分)/治療前評(píng)分×100%。臨床治愈:評(píng)分率減少≥75%,或試驗(yàn)結(jié)束時(shí)PSQI量表總分<11分或SPIEGEL量表<9;顯效:評(píng)分率減少≥50%;有效:評(píng)分率減少≥30%;無(wú)效:評(píng)分率減少<30%??傆行?(臨床治愈例數(shù)+顯效例數(shù)+有效例數(shù))/總例數(shù)×100%。(2)中醫(yī)證候評(píng)分量表,選取5項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)頻率最多的即入睡困難、醒后難睡、多夢(mèng)易醒、晨起疲乏倦怠、注意力不集中,根據(jù)臨床癥狀無(wú)(0分)、輕度(1分)、中度(2分)、重度(3分)進(jìn)行計(jì)分。

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

2 結(jié)果

2.1 兩組SPIEGEL量表療效比較

兩組治療前SPIEGEL量表評(píng)分差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。經(jīng)R 3.6.0軟件做傾向性匹配分析,共匹配治療組與對(duì)照組各35例,對(duì)兩組年齡、病程、性別構(gòu)成比及治療前SPIEGEL量表評(píng)分進(jìn)行基線水平比較無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P>0.05)。治療組總有效率為91.43%,優(yōu)于對(duì)照組的54.29%(P<0.01)。詳見表1。

2.2 兩組中醫(yī)證候評(píng)分比較

兩組治療前中醫(yī)證候各項(xiàng)評(píng)分比較,除注意力不集中外,余差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。治療后,兩組量表總分及各項(xiàng)評(píng)分優(yōu)于同組治療前(P<0.05);且治療組醒后難睡、多夢(mèng)易醒、晨起批發(fā)倦怠評(píng)分優(yōu)于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。詳見表2。

2.3 兩組PSQI量表療效比較

治療組療效總有效率為71.67%,優(yōu)于對(duì)照組的 31.67%(P<0.01)。治療后,兩組睡眠質(zhì)量、入睡時(shí)間、睡眠時(shí)間、睡眠效率、睡眠障礙及日間功能評(píng)分均低于同組治療前(P<0.05),且治療組優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,見表3、表4。

3 討論

不寐病,即失眠是指睡眠時(shí)間和(或)睡眠質(zhì)量不滿足并影響社會(huì)功能的睡眠障礙,不僅是內(nèi)科疾病的主訴,且廣泛伴發(fā)于各科疾病中。長(zhǎng)期睡眠障礙會(huì)導(dǎo)致慢性疲勞綜合征、注意力不集中、反應(yīng)遲鈍等[4-7],涉及人體身心健康、思維能力、創(chuàng)新能力、記憶力和社會(huì)交際功能,導(dǎo)致靈敏性下降、反應(yīng)遲緩,甚則導(dǎo)致意外事件[8]。不寐病會(huì)加劇疼痛感[9],導(dǎo)致多種軀體疾病或加重原有病情,增加精神疾病患病率[10],同時(shí)還會(huì)誘發(fā)肥胖、心腦血管疾病、高血壓、糖尿病等疾病[11]。

不寐病又稱“不得臥”“目不瞑”[12],中醫(yī)認(rèn)為不寐病是總屬陽(yáng)盛陰衰、陰陽(yáng)失交[13],病位在心,心主神明、主血脈,心功能失調(diào)與不寐病的發(fā)生息息相關(guān),同時(shí)與肝、脾、胃、腎等臟腑關(guān)系密切。西醫(yī)鎮(zhèn)靜催眠藥物治療不寐病,雖能緩解,但長(zhǎng)期使用會(huì)導(dǎo)致藥物依賴,亦會(huì)不同程度傷害神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)功能[14-15]。中醫(yī)藥運(yùn)用整體觀念和辨證論治調(diào)治不寐病具有一定優(yōu)勢(shì)。傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)根據(jù)四診辨證論治,或清肝瀉火、或化痰清熱、或交通心神等調(diào)理陰陽(yáng),使之平衡。中醫(yī)外治法如針?lè)?、灸法、耳穴貼壓、穴位敷貼或埋線和推拿等治療不寐病也有比較明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)[16]。目前臨床上開展比較多得是針刺和耳穴療法[17]。耳廓上存在豐富的神經(jīng)、血管、淋巴管,互相交織,耳穴療法可以調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)體陰陽(yáng)[18-19],且可與中藥、針灸、推拿等多種療法同時(shí)應(yīng)用提高療效,縮短病程[20-22]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,中醫(yī)綜合干預(yù)治療不寐病可以有效降低SPIEGEL評(píng)分、中醫(yī)證候積分及PSQI評(píng)分,治療組有效率顯著高于對(duì)照組,說(shuō)明中醫(yī)綜合干預(yù)治療更有優(yōu)勢(shì),對(duì)不寐病具有較為明顯的臨床效果。

中醫(yī)藥治療不寐病毒副作用小,患者易于接受,在睡眠質(zhì)量與社會(huì)功能及降低負(fù)面情緒方面明顯優(yōu)于西藥。中醫(yī)綜合干預(yù)更是能內(nèi)外協(xié)同、調(diào)和全身氣血陰陽(yáng),以期“陰平陽(yáng)秘,精神乃治”,使中醫(yī)藥傳統(tǒng)療法對(duì)不寐治療的優(yōu)勢(shì)最大化、優(yōu)效化。

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[21] 姜岳波, 關(guān)玲, 畢玲玲. 寧心安神撳針結(jié)合耳穴治療失眠的療效分析[J]. 針灸臨床雜志, 2018, 34(11): 6-10.

[22] 臧鐳鐳, 胡虹. 耳穴貼壓治療失眠癥的臨床研究進(jìn)展[J].中醫(yī)臨床研究, 2013, 5(23): 117-119.

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