摘要:眾所周知,作為高考英語(yǔ)中唯一的一道主觀題的寫(xiě)作在我們高中的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)和高考中起著舉足輕重的作用,但是不幸的是,對(duì)于我們天祝藏區(qū)的高中生來(lái)說(shuō),在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練和考試中,尤其是在高考中寫(xiě)出一篇好的作文卻是難上加難,結(jié)果導(dǎo)致在考試中得不到理想的成績(jī),慢慢地就對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)失去了興趣。因此,怎樣幫助天祝藏區(qū)的高中學(xué)生寫(xiě)好英語(yǔ)作文在我們的教學(xué)中起著重要的作用。下面就是我在十幾年的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中和分析研究高考作文之后得出的幾點(diǎn)心得體會(huì),與大家一起分享。
關(guān)鍵詞:英語(yǔ)作文;興趣;分享
一、 怎樣的作文算是一篇好的習(xí)作
我認(rèn)為,一篇好的作文一般應(yīng)該由三部分構(gòu)成:主題段(topic paragraph),支撐段(supporting paragraph)和結(jié)尾段(concluding paragraph)。在主題段(topic paragraph)中,我們應(yīng)該寫(xiě)出本篇文章的主題或者是寫(xiě)作目的;在支撐段(supporting paragraph)中,我建議學(xué)生第一句或者最后一句寫(xiě)成本段的中心句(topic sentence),后面的內(nèi)容就按照中心句展開(kāi),這樣就會(huì)讓看文章的人一眼就知道你的寫(xiě)作目的;在結(jié)尾段(concluding paragraph)中,我們一般要表達(dá)我們自己的看法。下面舉兩個(gè)例子。
The first example: As is known to all, with the improvement of peoples living standards, cars have become a popular means of transport, bringing great convenience to our life. However, they have also caused some problems such as air pollution and traffic jams.
在這段文章中,第一句話是一個(gè)general statement,第二句話才是topic sentence.
The second example: Our school(beautiful, modern and big).
這篇文章怎么按照上面的建議去寫(xiě)呢?我認(rèn)為,這篇文章應(yīng)該分為五段。第一段主題段(topic paragraph)應(yīng)該寫(xiě)...Our school is beautiful,modern and big。第二、三、四段是支撐段(supporting paragraph),我們應(yīng)該在這三段的第一句就寫(xiě)上每一段的中心句(topic sentence): Our school is wellknown for its beauty; Our school is a very modern one; Our school is really large,然后圍繞每一段的中心句進(jìn)行具體的介紹。第五段是結(jié)尾段(concluding paragraph),表達(dá)自己的看法,Im proud of being a student of such a good school。
以下是我總結(jié)的用來(lái)表達(dá)自己觀點(diǎn)的一些常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu):
(1)I think/in my opinion(2)to sum up(3)Obviously, we can draw the conclusion that...(4)Thus, it can be concluded that...(5)From what has been discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that...(6)Therefore, we can find that...
二、 怎樣寫(xiě)出一個(gè)好的段落
1. 一個(gè)好的段落應(yīng)該由一個(gè)中心句(topic sentence)和若干支撐句(supporting sentences)組成,這樣的段落結(jié)構(gòu)看起來(lái)一目了然,不會(huì)因?yàn)榻Y(jié)構(gòu)模糊失分。例如:
How can we solve the problems then? As far as Im concerned, bicycles are a good solution. For one thing, bicycles dont need any petrol and energysaving. For another, bicycles are environmentally friendly because they wont give off waste gas. Whats more, riding bicycles are a good way for is to exercise and it is beneficial to our health.
在這一個(gè)段落中,第一句話就是中心句(topic sentence),其余的都是支撐句(supporting sentences)。
2. 一個(gè)好的段落應(yīng)該有一些恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞(proper linking words),把句子連接成一個(gè)段落,這樣就把本段中的所有句子都連成了一個(gè)整體,而不是獨(dú)立存在的句子,整體感十分明顯。例如:
How can we solve the problems then? As far as Im concerned, bicycles are a good solution. For one thing, bicycles dont need any petrol and energysaving. For another, bicycles are environmentally friendly because they wont give off waste gas. Whats more, riding bicycles are a good way for is to exercise and it is beneficial to our health.
在這段文章中,加粗的部分就是連詞(proper linking words),合理使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞會(huì)讓我們的作文看起來(lái)是一個(gè)整體而不是毫不相關(guān)的幾句話機(jī)械地堆在一起。
以下是我總結(jié)的一些常見(jiàn)的連詞(linking words):
(1)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally;(2)first, second, third, last;(3)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally;(4)first and foremost, besides, last but not least;(5)on the one hand, on the other hand;(6)for one thing, for another thing;(7)most important of all, moreover, finally.
3. 一個(gè)好的段落應(yīng)該包括多樣的句式結(jié)構(gòu)和一些高級(jí)詞匯,而不是僅僅一些最基本的句式結(jié)構(gòu)和簡(jiǎn)單的詞匯,這樣可以起到畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛的作用,容易吸引閱卷人的眼球,得到相對(duì)理想的分?jǐn)?shù)。例如:
(1)比爾是一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)上的律師,他說(shuō)服他們解決了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。這個(gè)句子有以下三種表達(dá)方式。
①僅僅使用簡(jiǎn)單句:Bill is a lawyer in town. Joe persuaded them to settle the problem.
②使用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句表達(dá):Bill, who is a lawyer in town, persuaded them to settle the problem.
③使用同位語(yǔ)進(jìn)行表達(dá):Bill, a lawyer in town, persuaded them to settle the problem.
以下三個(gè)句子中就使用了高級(jí)詞匯。
(2)這件事情挺難的。This is a challenging job.
(3)我們就會(huì)了解父母的辛苦工作。Well then know about parents hardship.
(4)這有助于我們學(xué)會(huì)節(jié)儉。This helps us learn to be thrifty.
當(dāng)然,影響學(xué)生寫(xiě)作的因素還有很多,比如說(shuō)詞匯、句式結(jié)構(gòu)、文章結(jié)構(gòu)、書(shū)寫(xiě)等等。因此,我們?cè)谄綍r(shí)的寫(xiě)作教學(xué)中,一定要從各個(gè)方面入手,狠抓學(xué)生寫(xiě)作水平,以便于在考試中可以得到理想的成績(jī)。
作者簡(jiǎn)介:
王海斌,甘肅省武威市,甘肅省天??h第一中學(xué)。