李玲
【摘要】譯林版英語是小學高年級學生進行英語寫作的好素材。針對五、六年級教材的教學,教師應從學生的實際出發(fā),充分利用教材,對學生進行寫作指導,引導學生開展改寫、仿寫、擴寫、續(xù)寫和創(chuàng)編等多方面的寫作訓練,從而切實提高小學高年級學生的寫作能力。
【關鍵詞】教材文本 寫作訓練 寫作策略 寫作能力
牛津小學英語譯林版六年級下冊Unit 6 AnInteresting Country的單元主題是介紹國家。教材在Story time板塊和Fun time板塊分別對澳大利亞和英國兩個國家進行了有趣的介紹,而在本單元的綜合復習板塊中沒有安排寫作訓練。上課之前筆者就想,筆者何不利用教材作為范本,開展寫作訓練,也讓學生寫出中國的魅力所在。
一、注重過程指導,有序地“扶”
1.自由對話,激發(fā)興趣
T:Boys and girls, do you think China is aninteresting country like Australia and The UK?
Sl:Yes, of course.(小胡同學回答得鏗鏘有力、充滿自豪之情)
T:So do you want to write a passage aboutChina like the book?
Sl:Yes(聲音洪亮),but it is difficult for me,I don't know what to write.(面露出想寫又不會寫的糾結)
Ss:Me too.
2.閱讀范文,理清思路
T:Oh, I'm sorr to hear that. But. please doii't worry. Let's read the passages about Australiaand The UK again, what aspects do the writerswrite about, can you find?
S2:The interesting animals.
S3:The interesting sports.
S4:The interesting cities or places.
在筆者的引導下,學生們快速總結出文章是從動物、運動、城市三個方面進行介紹的。把他們總結的三個詞語寫在“China”的周圍,構建以“China”為核心詞的思維導圖。忽然就聽小胡同學興奮地說:“哦,我知道了,我們也可以從動物、運動、城市三個方面去寫中國,是不是,李老師?”
T:Yes. You are a clever boy. Big hands foryou! We can also write China about the animals,the sports and the cities or places.
3.立足話題,訓練詞、句
T:lf you want to write about the interest.inganimals, what adjec:tives can we use to describethem? What sentences can we use?(頭腦風暴,思考運用不同的形容詞、句子描述話題)
S5:We can use interesting to describe theanimals.
S6:We can use nice to describe the animals.
S7:We can use funny to describe the animals.
S8:We can use cute to describe the animals.
S9:We can use the sentence like"lt has…."
SlO:We can also use the sentence like "Itlikes….”
T:Yes. We can use interesting, nice, funny,cut.e to describe the animals. We can use thesentences like"It has...or It likes..."What about thesports and the cities?
Sl:We can use interesting, exciting, funny todescribe the sports. We can use the sentences like“People will be…;…is popular in...”(小胡同學一口氣說出很多關于運動話題的詞匯與句子,信心十足)
4.仿寫文本,訓練語段
T:Look, I have a passage about China here.can you complete it now?
Today, I'll tell you about
.The weatheiis sometimes ramy in China, and the people therelove____.There are some interesting cities in t.hecountry, for example,____and____.You'll find int.eresting places likeand
這是一個基于Fun time板塊的填空仿寫寫作練習。就聽小胡同學又嚷道:“It is easy for me!”他一邊說一邊快速地完成了填寫,緊跟著其他學生也都輕松地完成了仿寫填空。
T:Look at the passage. There are some wordsin it.What are the functions of“and, but, forexample and like”?Can you give me more words'?
Sll:And表示并列連詞,還有too,also,either。
S12:But表示轉折。
S13:Like,for example是插入語。
S14:還有表示因果的because,so。
T:When we use them in our passage, we canmake our passage clearer and more continuity.
Ss:Oh,I see.(學生們聽了連連點頭)
二、運用思維導圖,大膽地“放”
機械的仿寫十分適合作文的基礎教學,教師可以利用仿寫為學生打下堅實的寫作基礎。但是如果作文教學只有“仿”而沒有“放”,長此以往就會禁錮學生的思維,無法激發(fā)學生的創(chuàng)新意識,提升學生的語言能力。因此在經歷了“仿”之后,筆者試著學會放手,鼓勵學生白己積極創(chuàng)造寫作。
1.用思維導圖收納大容量語料
T:I have an e-friend in t.he UK, she wants toknow more about China, can you help me? So whatelse can we tell her about China?
S15:The interesting food.
S16:The interest.ing weather.
S17:The interesting festivals.
T:I have some different pictures about Chinafor you. Please t.ry to say something about your picture to each other in your groups.
S18:There are many interesting animals inChina. Pandas are black and white. They are fatand cute. Monkeys are usually brown. They havelong tails. They are very funny.
S19:You can visit Beijing iii China. It is abig and beautiful city. There are many interestingplaces,like the Palace Museum, the Summer Palace,the Great Wall and so on.
S20:Table tennis is the national sport in China.It is very popular. Students usually play table ten-nis at school.
S21:Chinese food is very nice. You can tastea lot of delicious food in China, such as roastduck, rice cakes, dumplings.
學生討論得出文章不僅可以從動物、運動、城市三個方面進行介紹,還可以從食品、天氣、節(jié)日等話題人手。之后筆者給學生提供不同信息的圖片,在小組內進行信息差交流。
2.用思維導圖輸出有條理地表達
T:Look at the mind-map on the blackboard.We can use these sentences to write about China.We can write about the interesting animals, sport,food, cites and weather. Can you work in groupsto use your own words to write the passage aboutChina now?
Ss:Yes!
學生們迫不及待地要在小組內開始寫作了。一篇以Welcome to Chin,a為題的文章在各個小組中合作寫起來。課后,筆者閱讀到很多優(yōu)秀精彩的習作,小胡同學的團隊作文在同伴批改中得到5顆星,光榮地登上了班級“好作文展示”墻欄上。
Today,l'll tell you about an interesting coun-try-China.
The weather in Hainan is hot, but at thesame time it is very cold in Hei Longjiang. Sothe people in Hainan often eat the watermelons,butt.he people in Hei Longjiang often eat the hot pot.And the people here love table tennis. It is thenational sport. in China. It is very popular. Stu-dents usually play table tennis at school.
You can visit Beijing in China. It is a big andbeautiful city. There are many interesting places,like t.he Palace Museum, the Summer Palace, theGreat Wall and so on. There are many interestinganimals in China like the pandas and the monkeys.Pandas are black and white. They are fat and cute.Monkeys are usually brown. They have long tails.They are very funny。
When you are in the street,you will findmany bikes.You can ride a bike to enjoy theview.lt is ver fun in China.
Come and visit, China today!
三、案例反思
1.注重過程指導,體現循序漸進
在小學高年級英語寫作教學中,教師應注重對學生學習過程的指導,遵循循序漸進、小步遞進的原則,體現螺旋式上升的語言學習規(guī)律,有效落實英語寫作教學的要求。例如,在本節(jié)課中,引導學生細讀教材中的范文,在明白了文章的構思與布局后,他們會更加清晰地明白自己每段需要寫些什么,框架作文的訓練為學生后續(xù)寫作做好了準備。按照小學生語言學習規(guī)律,小學英語寫作的次序應是詞、句和段,接下來指導學生立足單元話題,歸納總結可以用哪些形容詞和句子描述介紹國家,拓展詞匯、句型訓練。圍繞話題積累詞匯有助于學生增強語言表達的豐富性和生動性,充足的話題詞匯是豐富寫作內容的捷徑。最后讓學生模仿范義進行段落仿寫,從而使學生學會話題遷移,這樣的活動更有趣味性和挑戰(zhàn)性。在教學中,先“扶”后“放”,注重對學生學習過程的指導,遵循循序漸進、小步遞進的原則,指導學生由淺入深、由易到難、由少到多地展開寫作,學生一直在體驗、學寫、學評,并開展小組合作學習,進行“低起點、小步子”的訓練,最后達成寫作目標。
2.基于學生學情,設計寫作任務
《義務教育英語課程標準(2011年版)》在語言技能“寫”的二級目標中明確要求:能寫出簡單的問候語和祝福語;能根據圖片、詞語或例句的提示,寫出簡短的語句:能正確地使用大小寫字母和常用的標點符號。在明確寫作教學應關注學生的學習過程,采用小步遞進的原則后,我們需要分析寫作主題,并以此來確定恰當的寫作任務,任務的設計應遵循“低起點,多層次”的原則,同時要考慮學生的實際水平。針對五、六年級教材的教學,教師應從學生的實際出發(fā),充分發(fā)掘教材中的Story time.Grammar time,Fun Lime,Cartoon time以及CheckoutTime板塊,對學生進行寫作指導,引導學生開展改寫、仿寫、擴寫、續(xù)寫和創(chuàng)編等多方面的寫作訓練,從而切實提高小學高年級學生的寫作能力。本節(jié)課中,筆者結合教材中Story time和Fun time板塊對國家的介紹,在Checkout time板塊也讓學生嘗試寫作,不僅鞏固了本單元的語言知識,也切實提高了學生的英語寫作能力和綜合語言運用能力。
3.小組團隊合作,完成創(chuàng)造性寫作
教師以學生的學為中心,注重發(fā)揮學生集體的智慧,讓學生采用小組合作的方式完成作文,這種依托團隊合作的寫作活動降低了學生寫作時的焦慮感,拓寬了學生寫作的思路,使枯燥的寫作活動變得豐富而有趣。學生在自主探究和合作交流的過程中真正理解和掌握了知識,并在合作過程中形成了團隊文化,強化了合作精神。此外,因為每個團隊所描述的內容不同,增加了團隊之間互相閱讀作文的動力。信息差的交流豐富了學生的寫作內容,拓展了學生的語言知識,豐富了話題寫作素材,教師利用學生的信息差形成的課堂資源,把知識的單向傳授變成學生之間的知識交流。
【參考文獻】
[1]中華人民共和國教育部.義務教育英語課程標準(2011年版)[M].北京:北京師范大學出版社,2012.
[2]沈國鋒.基于教材的小學高年級英語寫作教學實踐[J].中小學外語教學(小學版),2012(3).