馬金華 馬金蘭 王麗娟
[摘要] 目的 探討青海地區(qū)藏、漢族HIF-2α基因單核苷酸多態(tài)性與胃癌易感的相關性。 方法 收集青海省藏醫(yī)院、青海大學附屬腫瘤醫(yī)院、青海省腫瘤醫(yī)院就診胃癌患者(長期居住于青海地區(qū))藏族51例、漢族60例。使用外周血提取DNA。采用聚合酶鏈式反應(PCR)擴增,并使用測序法檢測HIF-2α基因的3個位點,分別為rs6715787、13419896、7598371,同時行相關性分析。 結果 rs6715787、rs7598371的單核苷酸多態(tài)性(SNP)基因型分別為C/G、C/C、G/G,rs13419896的SNP基因型為A/G、G/G、A/A。兩組基因型分布檢驗后符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡規(guī)律(P < 0.05)。藏、漢族胃癌組rs13419896的A/G、G/G、A/A基因型頻率分別為27.45%、29.41%,43.13%、45.00%,43.33%、11.67%,基因型頻率分布兩組差異有高度統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2 = 14.195,P < 0.01),其等位基因差異有高度統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2 = 11.495,P < 0.01)。藏族胃癌組等位基因A頻率分布高于漢族胃癌組。藏、漢族胃癌組rs7598371的C/G、C/C、G/G基因型頻率分別為29.42%、37.25%、33.33%,41.67%、5.00%、53.33%,兩組的基因型頻率分布差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2 = 18.118,P < 0.01),其等位基因差異有高度統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2 = 16.002,P < 0.01),藏族胃癌組等位基因C頻率分布高于漢族胃癌組。藏、漢族胃癌組rs6715787的C/G、C/C、G/G基因型頻率分別為35.29%、41.18%,23.52%、51.67%,8.33%、40.00%。兩組基因型頻率分布差異有高度統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2 = 16.675,P < 0.01),其等位基因差異有高度統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2 = 13.518,P < 0.01),藏族胃癌組等位基因C頻率分布明顯高于漢族胃癌組?;蛭稽c藏漢族胃癌患者表達不同,其中青海地區(qū)藏族人群胃癌患者攜帶C/C型的HIF-2α基因的rs6715787高表達,藏族人群胃癌患者攜帶C/C型的HIF-2α基因rs7598371高表達,漢族人群胃癌患者攜帶C/G型的HIF-2α基因rs6715787高表達,漢族人群胃癌患者攜帶G/G型的HIF-2α基因rs7598371高表達。 結論 HIF-2α基因rs7598371、rs6715787、rs13419896與青海地區(qū)藏漢族胃癌可能無相關性,但青海地區(qū)藏族胃癌、漢族胃癌HIF-2α基因單核苷酸多態(tài)性存在差異,基因位點藏漢族對照組、藏漢族胃癌患者表達不同,提示青海地區(qū)藏族胃癌、漢族胃癌患者的基因型不同,遺傳基礎可能不同。
[關鍵詞] 漢族;藏族;胃癌;HIF-2α基因;單核苷酸多態(tài)性
[中圖分類號] R735.2 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-7210(2019)04(c)-0009-05
The relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism of HIF-2α gene and susceptibility to gastric cancer of Qinghai area Tibetan, Han nationality
MA Jinhua1 MA Jinlan2 WANG Lijuan1 LI Jinzhang1 SHEN Cunfang1 MA Jinxiang3
1.Department of Medical Oncology, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Qinghai Province, Xi′ning 810001, China;
2.Department of Nephrology, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Qinghai Province, Xi′ning 810001, China; 3.Medical College, Qinghai University, Qinghai Province, Xi′ning 810001, China
[Abstract] Objective To explore relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism of HIF-2Αα gene and susceptibility to gastric cancer of Qinghai area Tibetan, Han nationality. Methods A total of 51 Tibetan and 60 Han nationality patients (long lived in Qinghai area) with gastric cancer were collected. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect 3 sites of HIF-2α gene, namely rs6715787, 13419896 and 7598371, and correlation analysis was performed. Results The SNP genotypes of rs6715787 and rs7598371 were C/G, C/C and G/G, respectively, and the SNP genotypes of rs13419896 were A/G, G/G and A/A. The genotype frequencies of A/G, G/G and A/A in rs13419896 of Tibetan and Han nationality groups were 27.45%, 29.41%, 43.13% and 45.00%, 43.33%, 11.67%, respectively. The difference in genotype frequency distribution between the two groups was highly statistically significant (χ2 = 13.518, P < 0.01), and the difference in allele was highly statistically significant (χ2 = 14.195, P < 0.01). The allele difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 11.495, P < 0.01). The frequency distribution of allele A in Tibetan gastric cancer group was higher than that in Han nationality gastric cancer group. The C/G, C/C, G/G genotype frequencies of rs7598371 in the Tibetan and Han nationality groups were 29.42%, 37.25%, 33.33% and 41.67%, 5.00%, 53.33%, respectively. The difference of genotype frequency distribution between the two groups was highly statistically significant (χ2 = 18.118, P < 0.01), and the allele differences were highly statistically significant (χ2 = 16.002, P < 0.01). The frequency distribution of allele C in Tibetan nationality gastric cancer group was higher than that in Han nationality gastric cancer group. The genotype distribution of the two groups was consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium law (P < 0.05). The C/G, C/C, G/G genotype frequencies of rs6715787 in the Tibetan and Han nationality group were 35.29%, 41.18%, 23.52% and 51.67%, 8.33%, 40.00%, respectively. The frequency distribution of allele C in Tibetan nationality gastric cancer group was highly significantly Higher nationality than that in han gastric cancer group (χ2 = 16.675, P < 0.01). The expression of the gene loci was different in the Tibetan and Han nationality patients with gastric cancer, among which the high expression of HIF-2α gene of C/C type in the gastric cancer patients of Tibetan population in Qinghai province was found in rs6715787. The HIF-2α gene rs7598371 of C/C type was highly expressed in Tibetan gastric cancer patients. HIF-2α gene rs6715787 of C/G type is highly expressed in gastric cancer patients of Han nationality. The HIF-2α gene rs7598371 of G/G type was highly expressed in gastric cancer patients of Han nationality. Conclusion HIF-2α gene rs7598371, rs6715787, rs13419896 gastric cancer may be no correlation between the Han nationaltiy Chinese region of Qinghai Tibetan but region of Qinghai Tibetan, Han nationaltiy gastric cancer HIF-2α gene single nucleotide polymorphisms vary, gene loci to hide the control group, Tibetan and Han nationaltiy patients with gastric cancer express different, tip region of Qinghai Tibetan, Han nationaltiy gastric cancer patients with different genotypes, genetic basis may be different.
[Key words] Han nationality; Tibetan nationality; Gastric cancer; HIF-2α gene; Single nucleotide polymorphism
胃癌的發(fā)生是由基因和環(huán)境因素共同作用的結果。流行病學資料顯示,青海地區(qū)是我國胃癌高發(fā)地區(qū)之一,胃癌死亡率居全國前列,達40.62/10萬[1],胃癌的發(fā)生不僅與高原環(huán)境和特殊飲食習慣有關[2-5],可能與不同民族的遺傳背景有關。多個民族在青海世居,其中藏族137.5062萬人,占24.44%。為了解青海地區(qū)藏漢族胃癌與HIF-2α基因單核苷酸多態(tài)性之間相關性,開展以下研究。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
通過青海大學附屬腫瘤醫(yī)院醫(yī)學倫理委員會批準,收集2015年5月~2017年12月于青海省藏醫(yī)院、青海大學附屬腫瘤醫(yī)院、青海省腫瘤醫(yī)院就診的藏、漢族新發(fā)胃癌患者分別為51、60例。藏族胃癌組男30例,女21例;年齡20~78歲,平均(48.6±5.2)歲。漢族胃癌組男36例,女24例;年齡22~80歲,平均(47.1±5.7)歲。所有患者病理確診為胃腺癌。兩組一般資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P > 0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 主要儀器與試劑
聚合酶鏈式反應(PCR)擴增儀(Verity 96well,美國ABI),凝膠成像儀(Gene Genius,英國Syngene),3730XL測序儀(美國ABI),DNA marker(加拿大BBI公司),基因組DNA提取試劑盒(上海生工生物工程有限公司,生產(chǎn)批號:E604KA8640),PCR擴增試劑盒(上海生工生物工程有限公司)。
1.3 方法
1.3.1 血液采集 受試者晨起空腹采集外周靜脈血2 mL,采用EDTA抗凝處理。
1.3.2 基因組DNA提取 取上述血樣品,采用DNA試劑盒提取,電泳檢測其完整度,分光光度計測其含量、純度,-20℃冰箱保存?zhèn)溆谩?/p>
1.3.3 引物設計與合成 以美國國家生物信息中心的GenBank獲取HIF-2a基因序列及相應位點的單核苷酸多態(tài)性(SNP)信息。使用PrimerExpress 2.0軟件輔助設計引物。見表1。
1.3.4 PCR反應 基因組DNA為模板,設計將HIF-2α基因的rs13419896、rs7598371、rs6715787引物建立PCR反應體系25 μL:DNA模板1 μL,Taq buffer為2.5 μL,dNTP、上下游引物各0.5 μL,5 U/μL Taq DNA聚合酶0.25 μL,ddH2O 14.8 μL。PCR的條件為:95℃預變性3 min,94℃變性30 s,58℃退火30 s,72℃延伸45 s,進行35個循環(huán);72℃后延伸10 min。5 μL PCR擴增產(chǎn)物經(jīng)1%瓊脂糖凝膠上100 V電壓下電泳40 min,溴化乙錠染色,凝膠成像系統(tǒng)照相、保存。擴增產(chǎn)物純化后送測序、進行SNP技術分型,以測序結果確定基因頻率、基因型并比較。巢式PCR優(yōu)化體系的建立:采用巢式PCR擴增法即經(jīng)2次PCR放大,可將單拷貝的目的DNA片段充分的擴增,以達檢出的目的。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學方法
采用SPSS 22.0軟件進行數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計分析,進行Hardy-Weinberg遺傳平衡定律檢驗。計數(shù)資料采用百分率表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2 結果
2.1 DNA電泳檢測結果
藏漢族胃癌組結果見圖1。
2.2 PCR產(chǎn)物檢測結果
以上述DNA為模板進行PCR擴增,1%瓊脂糖凝膠電泳,結果見圖2。
2.3 基因測序結果
HIF-2α基因rs6715787、rs13419896、rs7598371的SNP基因型分別是C/G、C/C、G/G型,A/G、G/G、A/A型,C/G、C/C、G/G型。
2.4 基因型、基因頻率分布結果
2.4.1 Hardy-Weinberg平衡檢驗結果 rs6715787、rs13419896、rs7598371的SNP基因型分別為C/G、C/C、G/G,A/G、G/G、A/A,C/G、C/C、G/G。對照組檢驗基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡規(guī)律(rs13419896 SNP:χ2 = 10.23,P < 0.05;rs7598371SNP:χ2 = 13.35,P < 0.05;rs6715787SNP:χ2 = 7.47,P < 0.05)。
2.4.2 rs13419896的SNP基因型及等位基因頻率分布 兩組基因型頻率分布差異有高度統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2 = 14.195,P < 0.01),其等位基因差異也存在高度統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2 = 11.495,P < 0.01),藏族胃癌組等位基因A頻率分布明顯高于漢族胃癌組。見表1。
2.4.3 rs7598371的SNP基因型及等位基因頻率分布 兩組基因型頻率分布差異有高度統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2 = 18.118,P < 0.01),在漢族胃癌組中頻率最高基因型分別為C/C型和G/G型。rs7598371等位基因差異有高度統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2 = 16.002,P < 0.01),藏族胃癌組等位基因C頻率分布明顯高于漢族胃癌組。見表2。
2.4.4 rs6715787的SNP基因型及等位基因頻率分布 兩組基因型頻率分布差異有高度統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2 = 16.675,P < 0.01),在漢族胃癌組中最高者分別為C/C型和G/G型,等位基因差異有高度統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2 = 13.518,P < 0.01),藏族胃癌組等位基因C頻率分布明顯高于漢族胃癌組。見表3。