李靜 呂國(guó)芬 劉俊法
[摘要] 目的 研究不同劑量阿托伐他汀聯(lián)合美托洛爾治療急性充血性心力衰竭(CHF)合并腎功能不全患者的臨床效果。 方法 納入2017年4月~2018年4月河北省邯鄲市第二醫(yī)院120例急性CHF合并腎功能不全患者作為研究對(duì)象,隨機(jī)抽簽法分為觀察組和對(duì)照組,每組60例。觀察組行美托洛爾+大劑量阿托伐他?。?0 mg/d)干預(yù),對(duì)照組行美托洛爾+小劑量阿托伐他汀(20 mg/d)干預(yù)。4周后,比較兩組患者治療效果,記錄兩組治療前后心、腎功能及炎性因子表達(dá)水平,記錄治療期間不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。 結(jié)果 兩組總有效率比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),觀察組療效優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。治療后,觀察組左室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(LVEF)和6 min步行試驗(yàn)(6MWT)距離顯著高于本組治療前及對(duì)照組治療后,左室舒張末期內(nèi)徑(LVEDD)顯著低于本組治療前和對(duì)照組治療后,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。治療后,觀察組腎小球?yàn)V過(guò)率(GFR)顯著高于本組治療前及對(duì)照組冶療后,尿素氮(BUN)和血肌酐(Scr)顯著低于本組治療前及對(duì)照組治療后,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。治療后,觀察組超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白(hs-CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)及腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)水平顯著低于本組治療前及對(duì)照組治療后,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。兩組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。 結(jié)論 大劑量阿托伐他汀聯(lián)合美托洛爾治療急性CHF合并腎功能不全患者效果優(yōu)于小劑量阿托伐他汀,且安全性較高。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 阿托伐他汀;劑量;美托洛爾;急性充血性心力衰竭;腎功能不全
[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)] R541.6? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2019)02(b)-0051-05
[Abstract] Objective To study the effect of different doses of Atorvastatin combined with Metoprolol in the treatment of acute congestive heart failure (CHF) complicated with renal insufficiency. Methods A total of 120 patients with acute CHF combined with renal insufficiency from April 2017 to April 2018 admitted to the Second Hospital of Handan City were selected as the research subjects and they were divided into observation group and control group by method of random sampling, with 60 cases in each group. The observation group was given Metoprolol and high-dose Atorvastatin (40 mg/d), and the control group was given Metoprolol and low-dose Atorvastatin (20 mg/d). After four weeks, the treatment effect of the two groups was compared, the cardiac function, renal function and levels of inflammatory factors were recorded before and after treatment in the two groups, and the incidence of adverse reactions during the treatment was recorded. Results There was no significant difference in the total effective rate between the two groups (P > 0.05). The effect of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After treatment, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and the distance of 6 min walking test (6MWT) in the observation group were significantly higher than those before treatment and than those of the control group after treatment. After treatment, the left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) of the observation group was significantly lower than that before treatment and that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After treatment, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of the observation group was significantly higher than that before treatment and that of the control group. After treatment, the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and the serum creatinine (Scr) of the observation group were significantly lower those before treatment and those of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of hs-CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α in the observation group were significantly lower than those before treatment and those of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion High dose Atorvastatin combined with Metoprolol is superior to small dose in the treatment of acute CHF patients complicated with renal insufficiency, and the safety is high.
[Key words] Atorvastatin; Dose; Metoprolol; Acute congestive heart failure; Renal insufficiency
充血性心力衰竭(congestive heart failure,CHF)是各種原因引起的以心功能障礙和運(yùn)動(dòng)耐力降低為主要表現(xiàn)的臨床癥候群,預(yù)后較差,尤其是急性CHF患者,院內(nèi)死亡率可達(dá)3%[1]。臨床對(duì)CHF的具體病因尚未闡明,可能涉及神經(jīng)-體液因素、心肌重塑及心肌細(xì)胞凋亡[2]。但多項(xiàng)資料證實(shí)急性CHF多與腎功能不全相伴發(fā)生[3-4],隨著CHF的進(jìn)展,心臟充盈壓和心輸出量失衡,導(dǎo)致腎臟灌注和血流量持續(xù)減少,腎小球?yàn)V過(guò)率(glomerular filtration rate,GFR)降低,最終造成腎功能不全。目前,對(duì)于急性CHF伴腎功能不全患者尚缺乏具有循證醫(yī)學(xué)證據(jù)的有效藥物。美托洛爾是指南推薦用于CHF的一線抗心衰藥物,但單藥效果有限,常配伍其他藥物聯(lián)合治療[5]。阿托伐他汀屬3-羥基-3甲基戊二酰輔酶A還原酶抑制劑,既往報(bào)道顯示阿托伐他汀對(duì)心功能和腎功能均具有保護(hù)作用[6-7],但臨床對(duì)阿托伐他汀的具體用藥劑量尚未有統(tǒng)一規(guī)范。本研究納入120例急性CHF伴腎功能不全患者作為研究對(duì)象,探討不同劑量阿托伐他汀的治療效果?,F(xiàn)報(bào)道如下:
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
納入2017年4月~2018年4月河北省邯鄲市第二醫(yī)院(以下簡(jiǎn)稱“我院”)120例急性CHF伴腎功能不全患者作為研究對(duì)象。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①符合中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)心血管病學(xué)分會(huì)推薦CHF標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[8];②30 mL/(min·1.72 m2)≤GFR≤90 mL/(min·1.72 m2);③患者簽署知情同意書(shū)。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①嚴(yán)重腎功能不全需透析治療者;②合并有造血系統(tǒng)或惡性腫瘤患者;③對(duì)試驗(yàn)藥物過(guò)敏者。隨機(jī)抽簽將患者分為兩組,每組各60例,觀察組男35例,女25例;年齡40~74歲,平均(58.27±13.34)歲;體重指數(shù)(BMI)為(20.33±2.54)kg/m2;美國(guó)紐約心功能分級(jí)(NYHA):Ⅱ級(jí)21例,Ⅲ級(jí)28例,Ⅳ級(jí)11例;GFR(58.35±15.44)mL/(min·1.72 m2)。對(duì)照組男41例,女19例;年齡41~73歲,平均(60.09±14.46)歲;BMI(21.02±2.91)kg/m2;NYHA分級(jí):Ⅱ級(jí)20例,Ⅲ級(jí)25例,Ⅳ級(jí)15例;GFR(61.11±14.82)mL/(min·1.72 m2)。兩組患者性別、年齡、BMI、NYHA分級(jí)及GFR水平比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),具有可比性。本研究通過(guò)我院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)。
1.2 治療方法
兩組患者入院后均給予CHF基礎(chǔ)治療,囑患者半臥位休息,限鈉鹽(<2 g/d)、NYHA分級(jí)Ⅳ級(jí)者應(yīng)控制液體攝入量(攝入量=出量+500 mL,總量<2000 mL/d),水腫、瘀血癥狀消退后,應(yīng)使出入量平衡。對(duì)于有呼吸困難或有低氧血癥者予1~2 L/min吸氧,并予呋塞米、多巴胺等利尿和擴(kuò)血管藥物,均從小劑量開(kāi)始。對(duì)照組:靜脈注射5 mg美托洛爾(江蘇蘇中藥業(yè)集團(tuán)股份有限公司,批號(hào):20101109,規(guī)格:5 mL),間隔5 min后再次靜脈注射5 mg美托洛爾。1次/d,連續(xù)治療3~5 d,待患者癥狀改善后改為口服美托洛爾(阿斯利康制藥有限公司,批號(hào):20100905,規(guī)格:25 mg×20 s),起始劑量6.25 mg/次,1次/d,逐漸加量至25 mg/d,并維持該劑量。同時(shí)口服阿托伐他?。ㄝx瑞制藥有限公司,批號(hào):20121008,規(guī)格:20 mg×7 s),20 mg/d,1次/d。觀察組的美托洛爾用法與對(duì)照組相同,另外口服阿托伐他汀40 mg/d,1次/d。兩組患者均連續(xù)治療4周。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
在治療結(jié)束后評(píng)定療效[9]。顯效:臨床癥狀體征完全緩解,NYHA心功能改善2級(jí)及以上,血肌酐(Scr)降低≥20%;有效:臨床癥狀體征改善,心功能改善1級(jí),10%≤Scr降低<20%;無(wú)效:未達(dá)到上述標(biāo)準(zhǔn)??傆行?(顯效+有效)/總例數(shù)×100%。
分別在治療前后評(píng)估兩組患者心、腎功能,采用BLS-X6型彩色多普勒超聲診斷儀,記錄左室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)和左室舒張末期內(nèi)徑(left ventricular end diastolic diameter,LVEDD),進(jìn)行6 min步行試驗(yàn)(6 minutes walking test,6MWT),記錄步行距離。于清晨空腹取肘靜脈血,常規(guī)檢測(cè)尿素氮(BUN)和Scr,根據(jù)慢性腎臟病學(xué)流行病學(xué)合作研究公式計(jì)算GFR[10]。同時(shí)采用雙抗體夾心酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法檢測(cè)腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)及超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白(hypersensitive C reactive protein,hs-CRP)水平。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件分析數(shù)據(jù),計(jì)量資料采用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料采用百分率表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。等級(jí)資料采用秩和檢驗(yàn)。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組療效比較
兩組總有效率比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),觀察組療效顯著優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 兩組心功能指標(biāo)比較
治療后,兩組LVEF和6MWT顯著高于本組治療前,且觀察組高于對(duì)照組(P < 0.05);治療后,兩組LVEDD顯著低于本組治療前,且觀察組低于對(duì)照組(P < 0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。